Abstract: In this paper a deterministic polynomial-time
algorithm is presented for the Clique problem. The case is considered
as the problem of omitting the minimum number of vertices from the
input graph so that none of the zeroes on the graph-s adjacency
matrix (except the main diagonal entries) would remain on the
adjacency matrix of the resulting subgraph. The existence of a
deterministic polynomial-time algorithm for the Clique problem, as
an NP-complete problem will prove the equality of P and NP
complexity classes.
Abstract: People have always needed to believe in some
supernatural power, which could explain nature phenomena.
Different kinds of religions like Christianity, Hinduism, Islam,
Buddhism have thought believers in all world, how to behave
themselves. We think the most important role of religion in modern
society most important role of religion in modern society is safety of
the People. World and traditional religion played a prominent role in
the socio-cultural progress, and in the development of man as a
spiritual being. At the heart of religious morals the belief in god and
responsibility before it lies and specifies religious and ethical values
and categories . The religion is based on ethical standards historically
developed by society, requirements and concepts, but it puts all
social and moral relations of the person in dependence on religious
values. For everything that the believer makes on a debt or a duty, he
bears moral responsibility before conscience, people and god. The
concept of value of religious morals takes the central place because
the religion from all forms of public consciousness most values is
painted as it is urged to answer vital questions. Any religion not only
considers questions of creation of the world, sense of human
existence, relationship of god and the person, but also offers the
ethical concept, develops rules of behavior of people. The religion a
long time dominated in the history of culture, and during this time
created a set of cultural and material values. The identity of Kazakh
culture can be defined as a Cultural identity traditional ,national
identity and the identity values developed by Kazakh people in
process of cultural-historical development, promoting formation of
Kazakh culture identity on public consciousness. Identity is the
historical process but always the tradition exists in it as a component
of stability, as a component of self that what this identity formed .
Abstract: Pyritisation halos are identified in weathering crusts and unconsolidated formations at five locations within large fault structure of the Urals’ eastern slope. Electron microscopy reveals the presence of inclusions and growths on pyrite faces – normally on cubic pyrite with striations, or combinations of cubes and other forms. Following neogenesis types are established: native elements and intermetallic compounds (including gold and silver), halogenides, sulphides, sulfosalts, tellurides, sulphotellurides,
selenides, tungstates, sulphates, phosphates, carbon-based substances. Direct relationship is noted between amount and diversity of such mineral phases, and proximity to and scale of ore-grade mineralization. Gold and silver, both in native form and within tellurides, presence of lead (galena, native lead), native tungsten, and, possibly, molybdenite and sulfosalts can indicate gold-bearing formations. First find of native tungsten in the Urals is for the first time – in crystallised and druse-like form. Link is suggested between unusual mineralization and “reducing” hydrothermal fluids from deep-seated faults at later stages of Urals’ reactivation.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out the
effectiveness of neurological impress method and repeated reading
technique on reading fluency of children with learning disabilities.
Thirty primary four pupils in three public primary schools
participated in the study. There were two experimental groups and a
control. This research employed a 3 by 2 factorial matrix and the
participants were taught for one session. Two hypotheses were
formulated to guide the research. T-test was used to analyse the data
gathered, and data analysis revealed that pupils exposed to the two
treatment strategies had improvement in their reading fluency. It was
recommended that the two strategies used in the study can be used to
intervene in reading fluency problems in children with learning
disabilities.
Abstract: In this work, we present a reliable framework to solve boundary value problems with particular significance in solid mechanics. These problems are used as mathematical models in deformation of beams. The algorithm rests mainly on a relatively new technique, the Variational Iteration Method. Some examples are given to confirm the efficiency and the accuracy of the method.
Abstract: Theexperiment was carried out with 2x5 male Merino
lambs raised under intensive conditions to investigate the effect of
dietary calcium soap of linseed oil on the color and fatty acid
composition of longissimusdorsi muscle. Control lambs fed a basal
diet and the experimental lambs consumed a diet supplemented with
3% calcium soap of linseed oil. The color values (L*, a*, b* a*/b*
and chroma) were not influenced by dietary treatment. The MUFA
proportion reduced, SFA and PUFA content did not alter. As
expected, the linolenic (C18:3 n3) and thusthe n-3 content
significantly improved by linseed supplement (0.47 and 0.81; 0.78
and 1.16 in control and in experimental samples, respectively). Other
n-3 and n-6 fatty acids had similar valuestocontrol samples. The n-
6/n-3 ratio was significantly narrower in the experimental group (6.31
vs. 9.38) but the P/S ratio did not differ betweenthe two groups.In
conclusion calcium soap of linseed oil seems to be a suitable
supplement form of n-3 fatty acids to improve the nutritive value of
lamb meat.
Abstract: This study aimed at assessing whether and to what extent moral judgment and behaviour were: 1. situation-dependent; 2. selectively dependent on cognitive and affective components; 3. influenced by gender and age; 4. reciprocally congruent. In order to achieve these aims, four different types of moral dilemmas were construed and five types of thinking were presented for each of them – representing five possible ways to evaluate the situation. The judgment criteria included selfishness, altruism, sense of justice, and the conflict between selfishness and the two moral issues. The participants were 250 unpaid volunteers (50% male; 50% female) belonging to two age-groups: young people and adults. The study entailed a 2 (gender) x 2 (age-group) x 5 (type of thinking) x 4 (situation) mixed design: the first two variables were betweensubjects, the others were within-subjects. Results have shown that: 1. moral judgment and behaviour are at least partially affected by the type of situations and by interpersonal variables such as gender and age; 2. moral reasoning depends in a similar manner on cognitive and affective factors; 3. there is not a gender polarity between the ethic of justice and the ethic of cure/ altruism; 4. moral reasoning and behavior are perceived as reciprocally congruent even though their congruence decreases with a more objective assessment. Such results were discussed in the light of contrasting theories on morality.
Abstract: The paper presents the method developed to assess
rating points of objects with qualitative indexes. The novelty of the
method lies in the fact that the authors use linguistic scales that allow
to formalize the values of the indexes with the help of fuzzy sets. As
a result it is possible to operate correctly with dissimilar indexes on
the unified basis and to get stable final results. The obtained rating
points are used in decision making based on fuzzy expert opinions.
Abstract: The paper deals with hydrodynamics of liquid-gas
layers under gas streaming through liquid layer on perforated plates
in column apparatuses. The plates with large apertures have been
investigated especially. It was shown that hydrodynamic regularities
for these plates are essentially different from known laws for foam
forming on fine-perforated plates. Main regularities of liquid-gas
interaction on plates with large apertures have been established.
Abstract: User satisfaction is one of the most used success
indicators in the research of information system (IS). Literature
shows user expectations have great influence on user satisfaction.
Both expectation and satisfaction of users are important for Hospital
Information Systems (HIS). Education, IS experience, age, attitude
towards change, business title, sex and working unit of the hospital,
are examined as the potential determinant of the medical users’
expectations. Data about medical user expectations are collected by
the “Expectation Questionnaire” developed for this study.
Expectation data are used for calculating the Expectation Meeting
Ratio (EMR) with the evaluation framework also developed for this
study. The internal consistencies of the answers to the questionnaire
are measured by Cronbach´s Alpha coefficient. The multivariate
analysis of medical user’s EMRs of HIS is performed by forward
stepwise binary logistic regression analysis. Education and business
title is appeared to be the determinants of expectations from HIS.
Abstract: Tea is a widely consumed beverage that contains many components. Caffeine belongs to this group of components called alkaloids contain nitrogen. In this study caffeine contents of three types of Turkish teas are determined by using extraction method. After condensation process, residue of caffeine and oil are obtained with evaporation. The oil which is in the residue is removed by hot water. Extraction process performed by using chloroform and the crude caffeine is obtained. From the results of experiments, caffeine contents are found in black tea, green tea and earl grey tea as 3.57±0.43%, 3.11±0.02%, 4.29±0.27%, respectively. Caffeine contents which are found in 1, 5 and 10 cups of tea are calculated. Furthermore, the daily intake of caffeine from black teas that affects human health is investigated.
Abstract: Understanding patient factors related to physical activity behavior is important in the management of Type 2 Diabetes. This study applied the Theory of Planned Behavior model to understand physical activity behavior among sampled Type 2 diabetics in Kenya. The study was conducted within the diabetic clinic at Kisii Level 5 Hospital and adopted sequential mixed methods design beginning with qualitative phase and ending with quantitative phase. Qualitative data was analyzed using grounded theory analysis method. Structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood was used to analyze quantitative data. The common fit indices revealed that the theory of planned behavior fitted the data acceptably well among the Type 2 diabetes and within physical activity behavior {¤ç2 = 213, df = 84, n=230, p = .061, ¤ç2/df = 2.53; TLI = .97; CFI =.96; RMSEA (90CI) = .073(.029, .08)}. This theory proved to be useful in understanding physical activity behavior among Type 2 diabetics.
Abstract: The Norwegian Military Academy (Army) has been
using a tactical simulator for the last two years. During this time
there has been some discussion concerning how to use the simulator
most efficiently and what type of learning one achieves by using the
simulator. The problem that is addressed in this paper is how
simulators can be used as a learning resource for students concerned
with developing their military profession. The aim of this article is to
create a wider consciousness regarding the use of a simulator while
educating officers in a military profession. The article discusses the
use of simulators from two different perspectives. The first
perspective deals with using the simulator as a computer game, and
the second perspective looks at the simulator as a socio-cultural
artefact. Furthermore the article discusses four different ways the
simulator can be looked upon as a useful learning resource when
educating students of a military profession.
Abstract: Tea has several types of essential elements. Potassium,
magnesium and phosphorus are some examples of these elements.
Tea is widely used drink in Turkey, also some people puts a lemon
wedge to tea for different taste. In this study potassium, magnesium
and phosphorus contents after the hot water brewing of black and
green tea were determined by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICPOES).
Furthermore, how the lemon addition to teas affects the
concentrations of the potassium, magnesium and phosphorus
amount are investigated.
From the results, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus
concentrations are found as 3003.3, 597.1, 1167.2 ppm in black tea
and 3718.0, 3830.5, 376.4 ppm in green tea, respectively. After
lemon addition potassium, magnesium and phosphorus
concentrations are changed to 14930, 830.4, 1113.5 ppm in black tea
and 15460.0, 909.5, 1152.5 ppm in green tea, respectively.
It is seen that lemon addition affects some essential elements in
black and green Turkish teas.
Abstract: In recent times, corporations are increasingly under pressure to ensure diversity within their boardrooms and a large number of academic research have reported findings consistent with the view that boards perform better when they include a diverse range of people. Women have unique characteristics needed to positively influence the strategic direction of a corporation and contribute to the growth of firms. In spite of such revelations, evidence suggests that women are under-represented in senior executive and board positions. In many parts of Africa, socio-cultural traditions inhibit women from attaining these roles. Given the emphasis placed on board diversity and inclusion of women as an essential part of good corporate governance, the relationship between gender diversity and board effectiveness deserves both theoretical and empirical investigation. This research is important because it represents the first theoretical review on gender diversity in corporate boards in Nigeria.
Abstract: The study of soil for agriculture purposes has
remained the main focus of research since the beginning of civilization as humans- food related requirements remained closely linked with the soil. The study of soil has generated an interest
among the researchers for very similar other reasons including transmission, reflection and refraction of signals for deploying
wireless underground sensor networks or for the monitoring of objects on (or in ) soil in the form of better understanding of soil
electromagnetic characteristics properties. The moisture content has
been very instrumental in such studies as it decides on the resistance of the soil, and hence the attenuation on signals traveling through soil
or the attenuation the signals may suffer upon their impact on soil. This work is related testing and characterizing a measurement circuit
meant for the detection of moisture level content in soil.
Abstract: Fluid flow in cylinders of elliptic cross-section was investigated. Fluid used is Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). LPG found in Nigeria contains majorly butane with percentages of propane. Commercial available code FLUENT which uses finite volume method was used to solve fluid flow governing equations. There has been little attention paid to fluid flow in cylindrical elliptic pipes. The present work aims to predict the LPG gas flow in cylindrical pipes of elliptic cross-section. Results of flow parameters of velocity and pressure distributions are presented. Results show that the pressure drop in elliptic pipes is higher than circular pipe of the same cross-sectional area. This is an important result as the pressure drop is related to the pump power needed to drive the flow. Results show that the velocity increases towards centre of the pipe as the flow moves downstream, and also increases towards the outlet of the pipe.
Abstract: The strawberry jam is rich in bioactive compounds. It
is economically and commercially important and widely consumed.
Different strawberries cultivars can be used for its preparation,
however, a careful selection should be performed to guarantee the
preservation of bioactive compounds during jam storage. Two
strawberry cultivars (Camarosa and American 13) were analyzed by
HPLC, three anthocyanins: cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-
glucoside and pelargonidin-3-rutinoside were quantified. Camarosa
strawberries presented significantly higher concentration of
anthocyanins (p
Abstract: The seeds of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fall among the lesser known oil seeds. Cottonseeds are not normally consumed in their natural state due to their gossypol content, an antinutrient. The effect of processing on the sensory characteristics and chemical composition of cottonseed and its extract was studied by subjecting the cottonseed extract to heat treatment (boiling) and the cottonseed to fermentation. The cottonseed extract was boiled using the open pot and the pressure pot for 30 minutes respectively. The fermentation of the cottonseed was carried out for 6 days with samples withdrawn at intervals of 2 days. The extract and fermented samples were subjected to chemical analysis and sensory evaluated for colour, aroma, taste, mouth feel, appearance and overallacceptability. The open pot sample was more preferred. Fermentation for 6 days resulted into a significant reduction in gossypol level of the cottonseed; however, sample fermented for 2 days was most preferred.
Abstract: We propose a method for discrimination and
classification of ovarian with benign, malignant and normal tissue
using independent component analysis and neural networks. The
method was tested for a proteomic patters set from A database, and
radial basis functions neural networks. The best performance was
obtained with probabilistic neural networks, resulting I 99% success
rate, with 98% of specificity e 100% of sensitivity.