Thermodynamic Evaluation of Coupling APR1400 with a Thermal Desalination Plant
Growing human population has placed increased
demands on water supplies and spurred a heightened interest in
desalination infrastructure. Key elements of the economics of
desalination projects are thermal and electrical inputs. With growing
concerns over use of fossil fuels to (indirectly) supply these inputs,
coupling of desalination with nuclear power production represents a
significant opportunity. Individually, nuclear and desalination
technologies have a long history and are relatively mature. For
desalination, Reverse Osmosis (RO) has the lowest energy inputs.
However, the economically driven output quality of the water
produced using RO, which uses only electrical inputs, is lower than the
output water quality from thermal desalination plants. Therefore,
modern desalination projects consider that RO should be coupled with
thermal desalination technologies (MSF, MED, or MED-TVC) with
attendant steam inputs to permit blending to produce various qualities
of water. A large nuclear facility is well positioned to dispatch large
quantities of both electrical and thermal power. This paper considers
the supply of thermal energy to a large desalination facility to examine
heat balance impact on the nuclear steam cycle. The APR1400 nuclear
plant is selected as prototypical from both a capacity and turbine cycle
heat balance perspective to examine steam supply and the impact on
electrical output. Extraction points and quantities of steam are
considered parametrically along with various types of thermal
desalination technologies to form the basis for further evaluations of
economically optimal approaches to the interface of nuclear power
production with desalination projects. In our study, the
thermodynamic evaluation will be executed by DE-TOP, an IAEA
sponsored program. DE-TOP has capabilities to analyze power
generation systems coupled to desalination plants through various
steam extraction positions, taking into consideration the isolation loop
between the nuclear and the thermal desalination facilities (i.e., for
radiological isolation).
[1] Introduction to Nuclear Desalination: A Guidebook, Technical Report
Series Number 400, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2000.
[2] World Nuclear Association, http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/
Country-Profiles/Countries-T-Z/United-Arab-Emirates/ Nuclear Power
in the United Arab Emirates, March. 2015.
[3] Mussie S. Naizghi, Waka G. Tesfay, and Hassan E.S. Fath, “Nuclear
Desalination and its Viability for UAE,” The Sharjah international
conference on nuclear and renewable energies for the 21st century,
SHJ-NRE, March. 2011.
[4] Gustavo Alonso, Samuel Vargas, Edmundo del Valleb, Ramon Ramireza,
“Alternatives of seawater desalination using nuclear power,” in Nuclear
Engineering and Design 245 (2012) 39– 48, January. 2012.
[5] Li Weihua, Zhang Yajun, and Zheng Wenxiang, “Investigation on three
seawater desalination processes coupled with NHR-200” Desalination
298 (2012) 93–98, June. 5, 2012.
[6] I.G. Sánchez-Cervera, K.C. Kavvadias, I. Khamis, “DE-TOP: A new
IAEA tool for the thermodynamic evaluation of nuclear desalination”
Desalination 321 (2013) 103–109, Nov. 9, 2011.
[7] New Technologies for Seawater Desalination Using Nuclear Energy: A
Guidebook, Technical Report IAEA-TECDOC-1753, Vienna, 2015.
[8] Ibrahim S. A1-Mutaz, “Coupling of a nuclear reactor to hybrid RO-MSF
desalination plants” Desalination 157 (2003) 259—268, February. 2003.
[9] Desal glossary, http://www.desalination.com/market/desal-glossary
Water Desalination Report.
[10] M.M. Megahed, “Nuclear desalination: history and prospects,”
Desalination, vol. 135, Apr. 2001, pp. 169-185.
[11] Ron S. Faibisha and Hisham Ettouney, “MSF nuclear desalination,”
Desalination, vol. 157, Jan. 2003, pp. 277-287.
[12] Status of design concepts of nuclear desalination plants, Technical Report
IAEA-TECDOC-1326, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna,
2002.
[13] Sang-Seob Lee et al, The Design Features of The Advanced Power
Reactor 1400, Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Vol 41 no 8,
October 2009.
[14] Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Company, “Standard Safety Analysis
Report for APR1400”.
[15] International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear Desalination (Online),
International Atomic Energy Agency, 2011,
http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Desalination/
[1] Introduction to Nuclear Desalination: A Guidebook, Technical Report
Series Number 400, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2000.
[2] World Nuclear Association, http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/
Country-Profiles/Countries-T-Z/United-Arab-Emirates/ Nuclear Power
in the United Arab Emirates, March. 2015.
[3] Mussie S. Naizghi, Waka G. Tesfay, and Hassan E.S. Fath, “Nuclear
Desalination and its Viability for UAE,” The Sharjah international
conference on nuclear and renewable energies for the 21st century,
SHJ-NRE, March. 2011.
[4] Gustavo Alonso, Samuel Vargas, Edmundo del Valleb, Ramon Ramireza,
“Alternatives of seawater desalination using nuclear power,” in Nuclear
Engineering and Design 245 (2012) 39– 48, January. 2012.
[5] Li Weihua, Zhang Yajun, and Zheng Wenxiang, “Investigation on three
seawater desalination processes coupled with NHR-200” Desalination
298 (2012) 93–98, June. 5, 2012.
[6] I.G. Sánchez-Cervera, K.C. Kavvadias, I. Khamis, “DE-TOP: A new
IAEA tool for the thermodynamic evaluation of nuclear desalination”
Desalination 321 (2013) 103–109, Nov. 9, 2011.
[7] New Technologies for Seawater Desalination Using Nuclear Energy: A
Guidebook, Technical Report IAEA-TECDOC-1753, Vienna, 2015.
[8] Ibrahim S. A1-Mutaz, “Coupling of a nuclear reactor to hybrid RO-MSF
desalination plants” Desalination 157 (2003) 259—268, February. 2003.
[9] Desal glossary, http://www.desalination.com/market/desal-glossary
Water Desalination Report.
[10] M.M. Megahed, “Nuclear desalination: history and prospects,”
Desalination, vol. 135, Apr. 2001, pp. 169-185.
[11] Ron S. Faibisha and Hisham Ettouney, “MSF nuclear desalination,”
Desalination, vol. 157, Jan. 2003, pp. 277-287.
[12] Status of design concepts of nuclear desalination plants, Technical Report
IAEA-TECDOC-1326, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna,
2002.
[13] Sang-Seob Lee et al, The Design Features of The Advanced Power
Reactor 1400, Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Vol 41 no 8,
October 2009.
[14] Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Company, “Standard Safety Analysis
Report for APR1400”.
[15] International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear Desalination (Online),
International Atomic Energy Agency, 2011,
http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Desalination/
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:71167", author = "M. Gomaa Abdoelatef and Robert M. Field and Lee and Yong-Kwan", title = "Thermodynamic Evaluation of Coupling APR1400 with a Thermal Desalination Plant", abstract = "Growing human population has placed increased
demands on water supplies and spurred a heightened interest in
desalination infrastructure. Key elements of the economics of
desalination projects are thermal and electrical inputs. With growing
concerns over use of fossil fuels to (indirectly) supply these inputs,
coupling of desalination with nuclear power production represents a
significant opportunity. Individually, nuclear and desalination
technologies have a long history and are relatively mature. For
desalination, Reverse Osmosis (RO) has the lowest energy inputs.
However, the economically driven output quality of the water
produced using RO, which uses only electrical inputs, is lower than the
output water quality from thermal desalination plants. Therefore,
modern desalination projects consider that RO should be coupled with
thermal desalination technologies (MSF, MED, or MED-TVC) with
attendant steam inputs to permit blending to produce various qualities
of water. A large nuclear facility is well positioned to dispatch large
quantities of both electrical and thermal power. This paper considers
the supply of thermal energy to a large desalination facility to examine
heat balance impact on the nuclear steam cycle. The APR1400 nuclear
plant is selected as prototypical from both a capacity and turbine cycle
heat balance perspective to examine steam supply and the impact on
electrical output. Extraction points and quantities of steam are
considered parametrically along with various types of thermal
desalination technologies to form the basis for further evaluations of
economically optimal approaches to the interface of nuclear power
production with desalination projects. In our study, the
thermodynamic evaluation will be executed by DE-TOP, an IAEA
sponsored program. DE-TOP has capabilities to analyze power
generation systems coupled to desalination plants through various
steam extraction positions, taking into consideration the isolation loop
between the nuclear and the thermal desalination facilities (i.e., for
radiological isolation).", keywords = "APR1400, Cogeneration, Desalination, DE-TOP,
IAEA, MED, MED-TVC, MSF, RO.", volume = "9", number = "11", pages = "1278-9", }