Abstract: In North America, Most power distribution systems
employ a four-wire multi-grounded neutral (MGN) design. This paper has explained the inherent characteristics of multi-grounded three-phase four-wire distribution systems under unbalanced
situations. As a result, the mechanism of voltage swell and voltage sag in MGN feeders becomes difficult to understand. The simulation
tool that has been used in this paper is MATLAB under Windows software. In this paper the equivalent model of a full-scale multigrounded
distribution system implemented by MATLAB is
introduced. The results are expected to help utility engineers to understand the impact of MGN on distribution system operations.
Abstract: The Spiral development model has been used
successfully in many commercial systems and in a good number of
defense systems. This is due to the fact that cost-effective
incremental commitment of funds, via an analogy of the spiral model
to stud poker and also can be used to develop hardware or integrate
software, hardware, and systems. To support adaptive, semantic
collaboration between domain experts and knowledge engineers, a
new knowledge engineering process, called Spiral_OWL is proposed.
This model is based on the idea of iterative refinement, annotation
and structuring of knowledge base. The Spiral_OWL model is
generated base on spiral model and knowledge engineering
methodology. A central paradigm for Spiral_OWL model is the
concentration on risk-driven determination of knowledge engineering
process. The collaboration aspect comes into play during knowledge
acquisition and knowledge validation phase. Design rationales for the
Spiral_OWL model are to be easy-to-implement, well-organized, and
iterative development cycle as an expanding spiral.
Abstract: The aim of this research is to design a collaborative
framework that integrates risk analysis activities into the geospatial
database design (GDD) process. Risk analysis is rarely undertaken
iteratively as part of the present GDD methods in conformance to
requirement engineering (RE) guidelines and risk standards.
Accordingly, when risk analysis is performed during the GDD, some
foreseeable risks may be overlooked and not reach the output
specifications especially when user intentions are not systematically
collected. This may lead to ill-defined requirements and ultimately in
higher risks of geospatial data misuse. The adopted approach consists
of 1) reviewing risk analysis process within the scope of RE and
GDD, 2) analyzing the challenges of risk analysis within the context
of GDD, and 3) presenting the components of a risk-based
collaborative framework that improves the collection of the
intended/forbidden usages of the data and helps geo-IT experts to
discover implicit requirements and risks.
Abstract: Model Predictive Control (MPC) is increasingly being
proposed for real time applications and embedded systems. However
comparing to PID controller, the implementation of the MPC in
miniaturized devices like Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)
and microcontrollers has historically been very small scale due to its
complexity in implementation and its computation time requirement.
At the same time, such embedded technologies have become an
enabler for future manufacturing enterprises as well as a transformer
of organizations and markets. Recently, advances in microelectronics
and software allow such technique to be implemented in embedded
systems. In this work, we take advantage of these recent advances
in this area in the deployment of one of the most studied and
applied control technique in the industrial engineering. In fact in
this paper, we propose an efficient framework for implementation
of Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) in the performed STM32
microcontroller. The STM32 keil starter kit based on a JTAG interface
and the STM32 board was used to implement the proposed GPC
firmware. Besides the GPC, the PID anti windup algorithm was
also implemented using Keil development tools designed for ARM
processor-based microcontroller devices and working with C/Cµ
langage. A performances comparison study was done between both
firmwares. This performances study show good execution speed and
low computational burden. These results encourage to develop simple
predictive algorithms to be programmed in industrial standard hardware.
The main features of the proposed framework are illustrated
through two examples and compared with the anti windup PID
controller.
Abstract: The condition of lightning surge causes the traveling waves and the temporary increase in voltage in the transmission line system. Lightning is the most harmful for destroying the transmission line and setting devices so it is necessary to study and analyze the temporary increase in voltage for designing and setting the surge arrester. This analysis describes the figure of the lightning wave in transmission line with 115 kV voltage level in Thailand by using ATP/EMTP program to create the model of the transmission line and lightning surge. Because of the limit of this program, it must be calculated for the geometry of the transmission line and surge parameter and calculation in the manual book for the closest value of the parameter. On the other hand, for the effects on surge protector when the lightning comes, the surge arrester model must be right and standardized as metropolitan electrical authority's standard. The candidate compared the real information to the result from calculation, also. The results of the analysis show that the temporary increase in voltage value will be rise to 326.59 kV at the line which is done by lightning when the surge arrester is not set in the system. On the other hand, the temporary increase in voltage value will be 182.83 kV at the line which is done by lightning when the surge arrester is set in the system and the period of the traveling wave is reduced, also. The distance for setting the surge arrester must be as near to the transformer as possible. Moreover, it is necessary to know the right distance for setting the surge arrester and the size of the surge arrester for preventing the temporary increase in voltage, effectively.
Abstract: In this paper, the effects of thermodynamic,
hydrodynamic and geometric of an air cooled condenser on COP of
vapor compression cycle are investigated for a fixed condenser facing
surface area. The system is utilized with a scroll compressor,
modeled based on thermodynamic and heat transfer equations
employing Matlab software. The working refrigerant is R134a whose
thermodynamic properties are called from Engineering Equation
Software. This simulation shows that vapor compression cycle can
be designed by different configurations and COPs, economical and
optimum working condition can be obtained via considering these
parameters.
Abstract: The theory of Groebner Bases, which has recently been
honored with the ACM Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award,
has become a crucial building block to computer algebra, and is
widely used in science, engineering, and computer science. It is wellknown
that Groebner bases computation is EXP-SPACE in a general
setting. In this paper, we give an algorithm to show that Groebner
bases computation is P-SPACE in Boolean rings. We also show that
with this discovery, the Groebner bases method can theoretically be
as efficient as other methods for automated verification of hardware
and software. Additionally, many useful and interesting properties of
Groebner bases including the ability to efficiently convert the bases
for different orders of variables making Groebner bases a promising
method in automated verification.
Abstract: This paper gives an overview of how an OWL
ontology has been created to represent template knowledge models
defined in CML that are provided by CommonKADS.
CommonKADS is a mature knowledge engineering methodology
which proposes the use of template knowledge model for knowledge
modelling. The aim of developing this ontology is to present the
template knowledge model in a knowledge representation language
that can be easily understood and shared in the knowledge
engineering community. Hence OWL is used as it has become a
standard for ontology and also it already has user friendly tools for
viewing and editing.
Abstract: This paper proposes a framework for product
development including hardware and software components. It
provides separation of hardware dependent software, modifications of
current product development process, and integration of software
modules with existing product configuration models and assembly
product structures. In order to decide the dependent software, the
framework considers product configuration modules and engineering
changes of associated software and hardware components. In order to
support efficient integration of the two different hardware and
software development, a modified product development process is
proposed. The process integrates the dependent software development
into product development through the interchanges of specific product
information. By using existing product data models in Product Data
Management (PDM), the framework represents software as modules
for product configurations and software parts for product structure.
The framework is applied to development of a robot system in order to
show its effectiveness.
Abstract: Soils are normally dried in either a convection oven or stove. Laboratory moisture content testing indicated that the typical drying durations for a convection oven were, 24 hours. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and soil drying duration of both, moisture content and liquid limit using microwave radiation. The soils were tested with both, convection and microwave ovens. The convection oven was considered to produce the true values for both, natural moisture content and liquid limit of soils; it was, therefore, used as a basis for comparison for the results of the microwave ovens. The samples used in this study were obtained from different projects of Consulting Engineering Bureau of College of Engineering of Sulaimani University. These samples were collected from different locations and at the different depths and consist mostly of brown and light brown clay and silty clay. A total of 102 samples were prepared. 26 of them were tested for natural moisture determination, while the other 76 were used for liquid limits determination
Abstract: Object-oriented programming is a wonderful way to
make programming of huge real life tasks much easier than by using
procedural languages. In order to teach those ideas to students, it
is important to find a good task that shows the advantages of OOprogramming
very naturally. This paper gives an example, the game
Battleship, which seems to work excellent for teaching the OO ideas
(using Java, [1], [2], [3], [4]).
A three-step task is presented for how to teach OO-programming
using just one example suitable to convey many of the OO ideas.
Observations are given at the end and conclusions about how the
whole teaching course worked out.
Abstract: The Pulsed Compression Reactor promises to be a
compact, economical and energy efficient alternative to conventional
chemical reactors.
In this article, the production of synthesis gas using the Pulsed
Compression Reactor is investigated. This is done experimentally as
well as with simulations. The experiments are done by means of a
single shot reactor, which replicates a representative, single
reciprocation of the Pulsed Compression Reactor with great control
over the reactant composition, reactor temperature and pressure and
temperature history. Simulations are done with a relatively simple
method, which uses different models for the chemistry and
thermodynamic properties of the species in the reactor. Simulation
results show very good agreement with the experimental data, and
give great insight into the reaction processes that occur within the
cycle.
Abstract: The zinc and iron environments in different growth
stages have been studied with EXAFS and XANES with Brookhaven
Synchrotron Light Source. Tissue samples included meat, organ,
vegetable, leaf, and yeast. The project studied the EXAFS and
XANES of tissue samples using Zn and Fe K-edges. Duck embryo
samples show that brain and intestine would contain shorter EXFAS
determined Zn-N/O bond; as with the cases of fresh yeast versus
reconstituted live yeast and green leaf versus yellow leaf. The
XANES Fourier transform characteristic-length would be useful as a
functionality index for selected types of tissue samples in various
physical states. The extension to the development of functional
synchrotron imaging for tissue engineering application based on
spectroscopic technique is discussed.
Abstract: Smoothing or filtering of data is first preprocessing step
for noise suppression in many applications involving data analysis.
Moving average is the most popular method of smoothing the data,
generalization of this led to the development of Savitzky-Golay filter.
Many window smoothing methods were developed by convolving
the data with different window functions for different applications;
most widely used window functions are Gaussian or Kaiser. Function
approximation of the data by polynomial regression or Fourier
expansion or wavelet expansion also gives a smoothed data. Wavelets
also smooth the data to great extent by thresholding the wavelet
coefficients. Almost all smoothing methods destroys the peaks and
flatten them when the support of the window is increased. In certain
applications it is desirable to retain peaks while smoothing the data
as much as possible. In this paper we present a methodology called
as peak-wise smoothing that will smooth the data to any desired level
without losing the major peak features.
Abstract: Fluids are used for heat transfer in many engineering
equipments. Water, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are some
of the common heat transfer fluids. Over the years, in an attempt to
reduce the size of the equipment and/or efficiency of the process,
various techniques have been employed to improve the heat transfer
rate of these fluids. Surface modification, use of inserts and
increased fluid velocity are some examples of heat transfer
enhancement techniques. Addition of milli or micro sized particles
to the heat transfer fluid is another way of improving heat transfer
rate. Though this looks simple, this method has practical problems
such as high pressure loss, clogging and erosion of the material of
construction. These problems can be overcome by using nanofluids,
which is a dispersion of nanosized particles in a base fluid.
Nanoparticles increase the thermal conductivity of the base fluid
manifold which in turn increases the heat transfer rate. In this work,
the heat transfer enhancement using aluminium oxide nanofluid has
been studied by computational fluid dynamic modeling of the
nanofluid flow adopting the single phase approach.
Abstract: A microchannel with two inlets and two outlets was tested as a potential reactor to carry out two-phase catalytic phase transfer reaction with phase separation at the exit of the microchannel. The catalytic phase transfer reaction between benzyl chloride and sodium sulfide was chosen as a model reaction. The effect of operational time on the conversion was studied. By utilizing a multiphase parallel flow inside the microchannel reactor with the aid of a guideline structure, the catalytic phase reaction followed by phase separation could be ensured. The organic phase could be separated completely from one exit and part of the aqueous phase was separated purely and could be reused with slightly affecting the catalytic phase transfer reaction.
Abstract: Boon Rawd Brewery is a beer company based in
Thailand that has an exemplary image, both as a good employer and a
well-managed company with a strong record of social responsibility.
The most famous of the company’s products is Singha beer. To study
the company’s marketing strategy, a case study analysis was
conducted together with qualitative research methods. The study
analyzed the marketing strategy of Boon Rawd Brewery before the
liberalization of the liquor market in 2000. The company’s marketing
strategies consisted of the following: product line strategy, product
development strategy, block channel strategy, media strategy, trade
strategy, and consumer incentive strategy. Additionally, the company
employed marketing mix strategy based on the 4Ps: product, price,
promotion and place (of distribution).
Abstract: The study was a case study analysis about Thai Asia
Pacific Brewery Company. The purpose was to analyze the
company’s marketing objective, marketing strategy at company level,
and marketing mix before liquor liberalization in 2000. Methods used
in this study were qualitative and descriptive research approach
which demonstrated the following results of the study demonstrated
as follows: (1) Marketing objective was to increase market share of
Heineken and Amtel, (2) the company’s marketing strategies were
brand building strategy and distribution strategy. Additionally, the
company also conducted marketing mix strategy as follows. Product
strategy: The company added more beer brands namely Amstel and
Tiger to provide additional choice to consumers, product and
marketing research, and product development. Price strategy: the
company had taken the following into consideration: cost,
competitor, market, economic situation and tax. Promotion strategy:
the company conducted sales promotion and advertising. Distribution
strategy: the company extended channels its channels of distribution
into food shops, pubs and various entertainment places. This strategy
benefited interested persons and people who were engaged in the beer
business.
Abstract: Domineering is a classic two-player combinatorial
game usually played on a rectangular board. Three-player Domineering
is the three-player version of Domineering played on a three
dimensional board. Experimental results are presented for x×y ×z
boards with x + y + z < 10 and x, y, z ≥ 2. Also, some theoretical
results are shown for 2 × 2 × n board with n even and n ≥ 4.
Abstract: Explosions may cause intensive damage to buildings
and sometimes lead to total and progressive destruction. Pressures
induced by explosions are one of the most destructive loads a
structure may experience. While designing structures for great
explosions may be expensive and impractical, engineers are looking
for methods for preventing destructions resulted from explosions. A
favorable structural system is a system which does not disrupt totally
due to local explosion, since such structures sustain less loss in
comparison with structural ones which really bear the load and
suddenly disrupt. Designing and establishing vital and necessary
installations in a way that it is resistant against direct hit of bomb and
rocket is not practical, economical, or expedient in many cases,
because the cost of construction and installation with such
specifications is several times more than the total cost of the related
equipment.