Abstract: In this paper, groundwater seepage into Amirkabir
tunnel has been estimated using analytical and numerical methods for
14 different sections of the tunnel. Site Groundwater Rating (SGR)
method also has been performed for qualitative and quantitative
classification of the tunnel sections. The obtained results of above
mentioned methods were compared together. The study shows
reasonable accordance with results of the all methods unless for two
sections of tunnel. In these two sections there are some significant
discrepancies between numerical and analytical results mainly
originated from model geometry and high overburden. SGR and the
analytical and numerical calculations, confirm high concentration of
seepage inflow in fault zones. Maximum seepage flow into tunnel has
been estimated 0.425 lit/sec/m using analytical method and 0.628
lit/sec/m using numerical method occured in crashed zone. Based on
SGR method, six sections of 14 sections in Amirkabir tunnel axis are
found to be in "No Risk" class that is supported by the analytical and
numerical seepage value of less than 0.04 lit/sec/m.
Abstract: Established objective and subjective preconditions for
entrepreneurship, forming the business organically related whole, are
the necessary condition of successful entrepreneurial activities.
Objective preconditions for entrepreneurship are developed by
market economy that should stimulate entrepreneurship by allowing
the use of economic opportunities for all those who want to do
business in respective field while providing guarantees to all owners
and creating a stable business environment for entrepreneurs.
Subjective preconditions of entrepreneurship are formed primarily by
personal characteristics of the entrepreneur. These are his properties,
abilities, skills, physiological and psychological preconditions which
may be inherited, inborn or sequentially developed and obtained
during his life on the basis of education and influences of
surrounding environment. The paper is dealing with issues of
objective and subjective preconditions for entrepreneurship and
provides their analysis in view of the current situation in Slovakia. It
presents risks of the business environment in Slovakia that the Slovak
managers considered the most significant in 2014 and defines the
dominant attributes of the entrepreneur in the current business
environment in Slovakia.
Abstract: Much attention is paid to the development of space
branch in Kazakhstan at present. Two Earth remote sensing satellites
of Kazakhstan have been launched successfully. Many projects
related to the development of components for satellite are carried in
Kazakhstan, in particular the project related to the development of
star tracker experimental model. It is planned to use the results of this
project for development of star tracker prototype in the future. This
article describes the main stages of development of star tracker
experimental model.
Abstract: Micro-alloyed steel components are used in
automotive industry for the necessity to make the manufacturing
process cycles shorter when compared to conventional steel by
eliminating heat treatment cycles, so an important saving of costs and
energy can be reached by reducing the number of operations. Microalloying
elements like vanadium, niobium or titanium have been
added to medium carbon steels to achieve grain refinement with or
without precipitation strengthening along with uniform
microstructure throughout the matrix. Present study reports the
applicability of medium carbon vanadium micro-alloyed steel in hot
forging. Forgeability has been determined with respect to different
cooling rates, after forging in a hydraulic press at 50% diameter
reduction in temperature range of 900-11000C. Final microstructures,
hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength have been evaluated.
The friction coefficients of different lubricating conditions, viz.,
graphite in hydraulic oil, graphite in furnace oil, DF 150 (Graphite,
Water-Based) die lubricant and dry or without any lubrication were
obtained from the ring compression test for the above micro-alloyed
steel. Results of ring compression tests indicate that graphite in
hydraulic oil lubricant is preferred for free forging and dry lubricant
is preferred for die forging operation. Exceptionally good forgeability
and high resistance to fracture, especially for faster cooling rate has
been observed for fine equiaxed ferrite-pearlite grains, some amount
of bainite and fine precipitates of vanadium carbides and
carbonitrides. The results indicated that the cooling rate has a
remarkable effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties at
room temperature.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to build ‘Ubi-Net’, a
decision-making support system for systematic establishment in
U-City planning. We have experienced various urban problems caused
by high-density development and population concentrations in
established urban areas. To address these problems, a U-Service
contributes to the alleviation of urban problems by providing real-time
information to citizens through network connections and related
information. However, technology, devices, and information for
consumers are required for systematic U-Service planning in towns
and cities where there are many difficulties in this regard, and a lack of
reference systems.
Thus, this study suggests methods to support the establishment of
sustainable planning by providing comprehensive information
including IT technology, devices, news, and social networking
services (SNS) to U-City planners through intelligent searches. In this
study, we targeted Smart U-Parking Planning to solve parking
problems in an ‘old’ city. Through this study, we sought to contribute
to supporting advances in U-Space and the alleviation of urban
problems.
Abstract: Nic Pizzolatto’s True Detective offers profound
mythological and philosophical ramblings for audiences with literary
sensibilities. An American Sothern Gothic with its Bayon landscape
of the Gulf Coast of Louisiana, where two detectives Rustin Cohle
and Martin Hart begin investigating the isolated murder of Dora
Lange, only to discover an entrenched network of perversion and
corruption, offers an existential outlook. The proposed research paper
shall attempt to investigate the pervasive themes of gothic and
existentialism in the music of the first season of the series.
Abstract: Formal verification is proposed to ensure the
correctness of the design and make functional verification more
efficient. As cache plays a vital role in the design of System on Chip
(SoC), and cache with Memory Management Unit (MMU) and cache
memory unit makes the state space too large for simulation to verify,
then a formal verification is presented for such system design. In the
paper, a formal model checking verification flow is suggested and a
new cache memory model which is called “exhaustive search model”
is proposed. Instead of using large size ram to denote the whole cache
memory, exhaustive search model employs just two cache blocks. For
cache system contains data cache (Dcache) and instruction cache
(Icache), Dcache memory model and Icache memory model are
established separately using the same mechanism. At last, the novel
model is employed to the verification of a cache which is module of a
custom-built SoC system that has been applied in practical, and the
result shows that the cache system is verified correctly using the
exhaustive search model, and it makes the verification much more
manageable and flexible.
Abstract: The aim of research was to define the relations
between volatile compounds, some parameters (pH, titratable acidity
(TA), total soluble solid (TSS), lactic acid bacteria count) and
consumer preference of commercial fermented milks. These relations
tend to be used for controlling and developing new fermented milk
product. Three leading commercial brands of fermented milks in
Thailand were evaluated by consumers (n=71) using hedonic scale
for four attributes (sweetness, sourness, flavour, and overall liking),
volatile compounds using headspace-solid phase microextraction
(HS-SPME) GC-MS, pH, TA, TSS and LAB count. Then the
relations were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The
PCA data showed that all of four attributes liking scores were related
to each other. They were also related to TA, TSS and volatile
compounds. The related volatile compounds were mainly on
fermented produced compounds including acetic acid, furanmethanol,
furfural, octanoic acid and the volatiles known as artificial fruit
flavour (beta pinene, limonene, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin). These
compounds were provided the information about flavour addition in
commercial fermented milk in Thailand.
Abstract: IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) aims to present high speed
wireless access to cover wide range coverage. The base station (BS)
and the subscriber station (SS) are the main parts of WiMAX.
WiMAX uses either Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) or mesh topologies.
In the PMP mode, the SSs connect to the BS to gain access to the
network. However, in the mesh mode, the SSs connect to each other
to gain access to the BS.
The main components of QoS management in the 802.16 standard
are the admission control, buffer management and packet scheduling.
In this paper, we use QualNet 5.0.2 to study the performance of
different scheduling schemes, such as WFQ, SCFQ, RR and SP when
the numbers of SSs increase. We find that when the number of SSs
increases, the average jitter and average end-to-end delay is increased
and the throughput is reduced.
Abstract: Since “Hello Kitty” was manufactured in the market in
1974, the manufacturer, Sanrio Co., Ltd. gains high profits not only
Kitty’s products but also Kitty license, which gives us a picture of
Sanrio’s sales strategy in the global market. Kitty’s history, its
products, and Sanrio’s sales strategy are researched in this paper.
Comparing it to American Girl, and focusing on KITTYLAB, a type of
attraction where you can enjoy games with Kitty, and choose its parts
to build your own Kitty, the image of the cultural icon can be altered.
Abstract: In urban area, several landmarks may affect housing
price and rents, and hedonic analysis should employ distance variables
corresponding to each landmarks. Unfortunately, the effects of
distances to landmarks on housing prices are generally not consistent
with the true price. These distance variables may cause magnitude
error in regression, pointing a problem of spatial multicollinearity. In
this paper, we provided some approaches for getting the samples with
less bias and method on locating the specific sampling area to avoid
the multicollinerity problem in two specific landmarks case.
Abstract: Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is the most commonly used method for recovering energy from small sources of heat. The investigation of the ORC in supercritical condition is a new research area as it has a potential to generate high power and thermal efficiency in a waste heat recovery system. This paper presents a steady state ORC model in supercritical condition and its simulations with a real engine’s exhaust data. The key component of ORC, evaporator, is modelled using finite volume method, modelling of all other components of the waste heat recovery system such as pump, expander and condenser are also presented. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of mass flow rate and evaporator outlet temperature on the efficiency of the waste heat recovery process. Additionally, the necessity of maintaining an optimum evaporator outlet temperature is also investigated. Simulation results show that modification of mass flow rate is the key to changing the operating temperature at the evaporator outlet.
Abstract: The paper deals with the problems of the actual
behavior, failure mechanism and load-carrying capacity of the special
bolt connection developed and intended for the assembly connections
of truss main girders of perspective railway temporary steel bridges.
Within the framework of this problem solution, several types of
structural details of assembly joints have been considered as the
conceptual structural design. Based on the preliminary evaluation of
advantages or disadvantages of these ones, in principle two basic
structural configurations – so-called “tooth” and “splice-plate”
connections have been selected for the subsequent detailed
investigation. This investigation is mainly based on the experimental
verification of the actual behavior, strain and failure mechanism and
corresponding strength of the connection, and on its numerical
modeling using FEM. This paper is focused only on the cyclic
loading (fatigue) tests results of “splice-plate” connections and their
evaluation, which have already been finished. Simultaneously with
the fatigue tests, the static loading tests have been realized too, but
these ones, as well as FEM numerical modeling, are not the subject of
this paper.
Abstract: The Blue Nile Basin is the most important tributary of
the Nile River. Egypt and Sudan are almost dependent on water
originated from the Blue Nile. This multi-dependency creates
conflicts among the three countries Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia
making the management of these conflicts as an international issue.
Good assessment of the water resources of the Blue Nile is an
important to help in managing such conflicts. Hydrological models
are good tool for such assessment. This paper presents a critical
review of the nature and variability of the climate and hydrology of
the Blue Nile Basin as a first step of using hydrological modeling to
assess the water resources of the Blue Nile. Many several attempts
are done to develop basin-scale hydrological modeling on the Blue
Nile. Lumped and semi distributed models used averages of
meteorological inputs and watershed characteristics in hydrological
simulation, to analyze runoff for flood control and water resource
management. Distributed models include the temporal and spatial
variability of catchment conditions and meteorological inputs to
allow better representation of the hydrological process. The main
challenge of all used models was to assess the water resources of the
basin is the shortage of the data needed for models calibration and
validation. It is recommended to use distributed model for their
higher accuracy to cope with the great variability and complexity of
the Blue Nile basin and to collect sufficient data to have more
sophisticated and accurate hydrological modeling.
Abstract: This research was conducted in the Mae Sot
Watershed where located in the Moei River Basin at the Upper
Salween River Basin in Tak Province, Thailand. The Mae Sot
Municipality is the largest urban area in Tak Province and situated in
the midstream of the Mae Sot Watershed. It usually faces flash flood
problem after heavy rain due to poor flood management has been
reported since economic rapidly bloom up in recent years. Its
catchment can be classified as ungauged basin with lack of rainfall
data and no any stream gaging station was reported. It was attached
by most severely flood events in 2013 as the worst studied case for
all those communities in this municipality. Moreover, other problems
are also faced in this watershed, such shortage water supply for
domestic consumption and agriculture utilizations including a
deterioration of water quality and landslide as well. The research
aimed to increase capability building and strengthening the
participation of those local community leaders and related agencies to
conduct better water management in urban area was started by mean
of the data collection and illustration of the appropriated application
of some short period rainfall forecasting model as they aim for better
flood relief plan and management through the hydrologic model
system and river analysis system programs. The authors intended to
apply the global rainfall data via the integrated data viewer (IDV)
program from the Unidata with the aim for rainfall forecasting in a
short period of 7-10 days in advance during rainy season instead of
real time record. The IDV product can be present in an advance
period of rainfall with time step of 3-6 hours was introduced to the
communities. The result can be used as input data to the hydrologic
modeling system model (HEC-HMS) for synthesizing flood
hydrographs and use for flood forecasting as well. The authors
applied the river analysis system model (HEC-RAS) to present flood
flow behaviors in the reach of the Mae Sot stream via the downtown
of the Mae Sot City as flood extents as the water surface level at
every cross-sectional profiles of the stream. Both models of HMS and
RAS were tested in 2013 with observed rainfall and inflow-outflow
data from the Mae Sot Dam. The result of HMS showed fit to the
observed data at the dam and applied at upstream boundary discharge
to RAS in order to simulate flood extents and tested in the field, and
the result found satisfying. The product of rainfall from IDV was fair
while compared with observed data. However, it is an appropriate
tool to use in the ungauged catchment to use with flood hydrograph
and river analysis models for future efficient flood relief plan and
management.
Abstract: Our goal is development of an algorithm capable of
predicting the directional trend of the Standard and Poor’s 500 index
(S&P 500). Extensive research has been published attempting to
predict different financial markets using historical data testing on an
in-sample and trend basis, with many authors employing excessively
complex mathematical techniques. In reviewing and evaluating these
in-sample methodologies, it became evident that this approach was
unable to achieve sufficiently reliable prediction performance for
commercial exploitation. For these reasons, we moved to an out-ofsample
strategy based on linear regression analysis of an extensive
set of financial data correlated with historical closing prices of the
S&P 500. We are pleased to report a directional trend accuracy of
greater than 55% for tomorrow (t+1) in predicting the S&P 500.
Abstract: Artificial intelligence applications are commonly used
in industry in many fields in parallel with the developments in the
computer technology. In this study, a fire room was prepared for the
resistance of wooden construction elements and with the mechanism
here, the experiments of polished materials were carried out. By
utilizing from the experimental data, an artificial neural network
(ANN) was modelled in order to evaluate the final cross sections of
the wooden samples remaining from the fire. In modelling,
experimental data obtained from the fire room were used. In the
developed system, the first weight of samples (ws-gr), preliminary
cross-section (pcs-mm2), fire time (ft-minute), and fire temperature
(t-oC) as input parameters and final cross-section (fcs-mm2) as output
parameter were taken. When the results obtained from ANN and
experimental data are compared after making statistical analyses, the
data of two groups are determined to be coherent and seen to have no
meaning difference between them. As a result, it is seen that ANN
can be safely used in determining cross sections of wooden materials
after fire and it prevents many disadvantages.
Abstract: Sustainability and eco-friendly requirement of
engineering materials are sort for in recent times, thus giving rise to
the development of bio-composites. However, the natural fibres to
matrix interface interactions remain a key issue in getting the desired
mechanical properties from such composites. Treatment of natural
fibres is essential in improving matrix to filler adhesion, hence
improving its mechanical properties. In this study, investigations
were carried out to determine the effect of sodium hydroxide
treatment on the tensile, flexural, impact and hardness properties of
crushed and uncrushed Luffa cylindrica fibre reinforced recycled low
density polyethylene composites. The LC (Luffa cylindrica) fibres
were treated with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% wt. sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations for a period of 24 hours under
room temperature conditions. A formulation ratio of 80/20 g (matrix
to reinforcement) was maintained for all developed samples. Analysis
of the results showed that the uncrushed luffa fibre samples gave
better mechanical properties compared with the crushed luffa fibre
samples. The uncrushed luffa fibre composites had a maximum
tensile and flexural strength of 7.65 MPa and 17.08 Mpa respectively
corresponding to a young modulus and flexural modulus of 21.08
MPa and 232.22 MPa for the 8% and 4% wt. NaOH concentration
respectively. Results obtained in the research showed that NaOH
treatment with the 8% NaOH concentration improved the mechanical
properties of the LC fibre reinforced composites when compared with
other NaOH treatment concentration values.
Abstract: The borate glasses are known by their structural
characterized by existence of unit’s structural composed by triangles
and tetrahedrons boron in different configurations depending on the
percentage of B2O3 in the glass chemical composition. In this paper,
effect of lithium oxide addition on the thermal and physical
properties of an alumina borate glass, was investigated. It was found
that the boron abnormality has a significant effect in the change of
glass properties according to the addition rate of lithium oxide.
Abstract: This paper describes an analysis of Yacht Simulator
international trends and also explains about Yacht. The results are
summarized as follows. Attached to the cockpit are sensors that feed
-back information on rudder angle, boat heel angle and mainsheet
tension to the computer. Energy expenditure of the sailor measure
indirectly using expired gas analysis for the measurement of VO2 and
VCO2. At sea course configurations and wind conditions can be preset
to suit any level of sailor from complete beginner to advanced sailor.