Abstract: Confucius was a fifth-century BCE Chinese thinker whose influence upon East Asian intellectual and social history is immeasurable. Better known is in China as “Master Kong”. As a culturally symbolic figure, he has been alternately idealized, deified, dismissed, vilified, and rehabilitated over the millennia by both Asian and non-Asian thinkers and regimes. Given his extraordinary impact on Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese thought, it is ironic that so little can be known about Confucius. The tradition that bears his name – “Confucianizm” (Chinese: Rujia) – ultimately traces itself to the sayings and biographical fragments recorded in the text known as the Analects (Chinese: Lunyu). In the Analects, two types of persons are opposed to one another – not in terms of basic potential, but in terms of developed potential. These are the junzi (literally, “lord’s son” or “gentleman”) and the xiaoren (“small person”). The junzi is the person who always manifests the quality of ren in his
person and the displays the quality of lee in his actions. In this article examines the category of the ideal man and the spiritual and moral values of the philosophy of Confucius. According to Confucius high-morality Jun-zi is characterized by two things: a sense of humanity and duty. This article provides an analysis of the ethical category for the ideal man.
Abstract: The significance of psychology in studying politics
is embedded in philosophical issues as well as behavioural
pursuits. For the former is often associated with Sigmund Freud
and his followers. The latter is inspired by the writings of Harold
Lasswell. Political psychology or psychopolitics has its own
impression on political thought ever since it deciphers the concept
of human nature and political propaganda. More importantly,
psychoanalysis views political thought as a textual content which
needs to explore the latent from the manifest content. In other
words, it reads the text symptomatically and interprets the hidden
truth. This paper explains the paradigm of dream interpretation
applied by Freud. The dream work is a process which has four
successive activities: condensation, displacement, representation
and secondary revision. The texts dealing with political though can
also be interpreted on these principles. Freud's method of dream
interpretation draws its source after the hermeneutic model of
philological research. It provides theoretical perspective and
technical rules for the interpretation of symbolic structures. The
task of interpretation remains a discovery of equivalence of
symbols and actions through perpetual analogies. Psychoanalysis
can help in studying political thought in two ways: to study the text
distortion, Freud's dream interpretation is used as a paradigm
exploring the latent text from its manifest text; and to apply Freud's
psychoanalytic concepts and theories ranging from individual mind
to civilization, religion, war and politics.
Abstract: Let n be an integer. We show the existence of at least
three non-isomorphic non-commutative Latin squares of order n
which are embeddable in groups when n ≥ 5 is odd. By using a
similar construction for the case when n ≥ 4 is even, we show that
certain non-commutative Latin squares of order n are not embeddable
in groups.
Abstract: In recent decade's tourism industry is one of main
reasons of the social and economical development for many
countries; so these countries try to gain more portion of it for
themselves. The excessive natural and cultural touristy potentialities
in Iran made this country to be one of the most attractive sightseeing
areas, although; Iran has got the lowest rate of tourists. Khark Island
is about 32 km. It is a beautiful coral reef coast; about 98% of oil
export has been done through this place. The ecotourism
potentialities of Khark and Kharko Islands (about 3.7km far from
Khark) are the reason to consider ecotourism and the main activity in
these islands which is exporting oil at the same time. This article
refers to way of measuring the geographical coordination of the
place, and the potentialities, ecotourism attraction of the islands and
introduces some ideas in order to expand tourism in the islands.
Abstract: This paper presents a smart-card applet that is able to
verify X.509 certificates and to use the public key contained in the
certificate for verifying digital signatures that have been created
using the corresponding private key, e.g. for the purpose of authenticating
the certificate owner against the card. The approach has been
implemented as an operating prototype on Java cards.
Abstract: Work ethic and labour productivity issues are
extremely important for any society. It has been long proven by the
global practice and various scholars that the country promoting the
labour has always been way forward from the other countries. This
paper studies the thoughts suggested by M.Weber, Confucius, Lee
Kuan Yew, Mahathir Mohammad and other prominent thinkers
concerning the issues of work ethics and labour productivity. The
article analyzes why developed nations are way more advanced in
their development compared to other nations.
Abstract: Two species of Physalis, P.angulataL. and P.
peruviana L. were used as models for comparative study to
understand the values of micro-morphological, -anatomical and
architectural characteristics of leaf for taxonomic purposes and
possibly breeding and commercial applications. Both speciespossess
amphistomaticleaves with 1-layer epidermis, 3-4-layer spongy
mesophyll andbicollateral bundle midrib. Palisade parenchyma cells
of P. angulatawere almost twice longer (65-75 μm) than the other
one. Type of stomata was similar as anomocyticbut stomatal
index(SI) at adaxial surface and abaxial surface of P. angulata were
less than of P. peruvianaas 3.57, 4.00 and6.25, 6.66 respectively.
Some leaf architectural characteristics such as leaf shape, order of
venationalsoprovided information of taxonomic significance
Abstract: This paper highlights some interesting facts on South African-s waste situation and management strategies, in particular the Integrated Waste Management. South Africa supports a waste hierarchy by promoting cleaner production, waste minimisation, reuse, recycling and waste treatment with disposal and remediation as the last preferred options in waste management. The drivers for waste management techniques are identified as increased demand for waste service provision; increased demand for waste minimisation; recycling and recovery; land use, physical and environmental limitations; and socio-economic and demographic factors. The South African government recognizes the importance of scientific research as outlined on the white paper on Integrated Pollution and Waste Management (IP and WM) (DEAT, 2000).
Abstract: In a 10-week (May – August, 2008) Phase I trial, 840, 1+ rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, received a commercial oral immunomodulator, Fin Immune™, at four different dosages (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg g-1) to evaluate immune response and growth. The overall objective of was to determine an optimal dosage of this product for rainbow trout that provides enhanced immunity with maximal growth and health. Biweekly blood samples were taken from 10 randomly selected fish in each tank (30 samples per treatment) to evaluate the duration of enhanced immunity conferred by Fin-Immune™. The immunological assessment included serum white blood cell (lymphocyte, neutrophil) densities and blood hematocrit (packed cell volume %). Of these three variables, only lymphocyte density increased significantly among trout fed Fin- Immune™ at 20 and 30 mg g-1 which peaked at week 6. At week 7, all trout were switched to regular feed (lacking Fin-Immune™) and by week 10, lymphocyte levels decreased among all levels but were still greater than at week 0. There was growth impairment at the highest dose of Fin-Immune™ tested (30 mg g-1) which can be associated with a physiological compensatory mechanism due to a dose-specific threshold level. Thus, our main objective of this Phase I study was achieved, the 20 mg g-1 dose of Fin-Immune™ should be the most efficacious (of those we tested) to use for a Phase II disease challenge trial.
Abstract: In view of growing competition in the service sector,
services are as much in need of modeling, analysis and improvement
as business or working processes. Graphical process models are
important means to capture process-related know-how for an
effective management of the service process. In this contribution, a
human performance analysis of process model development paying
special attention to model development time and the working method
was conducted. It was found that modelers with higher application
experience need significantly less time for mental activities than
modelers with lower application experience, spend more time on
labeling graphical elements, and achieved higher process model
quality in terms of activity label quality.
Abstract: Skin color can provide a useful and robust cue
for human-related image analysis, such as face detection,
pornographic image filtering, hand detection and tracking,
people retrieval in databases and Internet, etc. The major
problem of such kinds of skin color detection algorithms is
that it is time consuming and hence cannot be applied to a real
time system. To overcome this problem, we introduce a new
fast technique for skin detection which can be applied in a real
time system. In this technique, instead of testing each image
pixel to label it as skin or non-skin (as in classic techniques),
we skip a set of pixels. The reason of the skipping process is
the high probability that neighbors of the skin color pixels are
also skin pixels, especially in adult images and vise versa. The
proposed method can rapidly detect skin and non-skin color
pixels, which in turn dramatically reduce the CPU time
required for the protection process. Since many fast detection
techniques are based on image resizing, we apply our
proposed pixel skipping technique with image resizing to
obtain better results. The performance evaluation of the
proposed skipping and hybrid techniques in terms of the
measured CPU time is presented. Experimental results
demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve better result
than the relevant classic method.
Abstract: Depressurization and pressurization streams in
industrial systems constitute a work exchange network (WEN). In this
paper, a novel graphical approach for targeting energy conservation
potential of a WEN is proposed. Through constructing the composite
work curves in the pressure-work diagram and assuming all of the
mechanical energy of the depressurization streams is recovered by
expanders, the maximum work target of a WEN can be determined via
the proposed targeting steps. A WEN in an ammonia production
process is used as a case study to illustrate the applicability of the
proposed graphical approach.
Abstract: Quantum cryptography offers a way of key agreement,
which is unbreakable by any external adversary. Authentication is
of crucial importance, as perfect secrecy is worthless if the identity
of the addressee cannot be ensured before sending important information.
Message authentication has been studied thoroughly, but no
approach seems to be able to explicitly counter meet-in-the-middle
impersonation attacks. The goal of this paper is the development of
an authentication scheme being resistant against active adversaries
controlling the communication channel. The scheme is built on top
of a key-establishment protocol and is unconditionally secure if built
upon quantum cryptographic key exchange. In general, the security
is the same as for the key-agreement protocol lying underneath.
Abstract: In this paper an efficient implementation of Ripemd-
160 hash function is presented. Hash functions are a special family
of cryptographic algorithms, which is used in technological
applications with requirements for security, confidentiality and
validity. Applications like PKI, IPSec, DSA, MAC-s incorporate
hash functions and are used widely today. The Ripemd-160 is
emanated from the necessity for existence of very strong algorithms
in cryptanalysis. The proposed hardware implementation can be
synthesized easily for a variety of FPGA and ASIC technologies.
Simulation results, using commercial tools, verified the efficiency of
the implementation in terms of performance and throughput. Special
care has been taken so that the proposed implementation doesn-t
introduce extra design complexity; while in parallel functionality was
kept to the required levels.
Abstract: BEAMnrc was used to calculate the spectrum and
HVL for X-ray Beam during low energy X-ray radiation using tube model: SRO 33/100 /ROT 350 Philips. The results of BEAMnrc
simulation and measurements were compared to the IPEM report
number 78 and SpekCalc software. Three energies 127, 103 and 84
Kv were used. In these simulation a tungsten anode with 1.2 mm for
Be window were used as source. HVLs were calculated from
BEAMnrc spectrum with air Kerma method for four different filters.
For BEAMnrc one billion particles were used as original particles for
all simulations. The results show that for 127 kV, there was
maximum 5.2 % difference between BEAMnrc and Measurements
and minimum was 0.7% .the maximum 9.1% difference between
BEAMnrc and IPEM and minimum was 2.3% .The maximum
difference was 3.2% between BEAMnrc and SpekCal and minimum
was 2.8%. The result show BEAMnrc was able to satisfactory predict
the quantities of Low energy Beam as well as high energy X-ray
radiation.
Abstract: With the popularity of the multi-core and many-core architectures there is a great requirement for software frameworks which can support parallel programming methodologies. In this paper we introduce an Eclipse toolkit, JConqurr which is easy to use and provides robust support for flexible parallel progrmaming. JConqurr is a multi-core and many-core programming toolkit for Java which is capable of providing support for common parallel programming patterns which include task, data, divide and conquer and pipeline parallelism. The toolkit uses an annotation and a directive mechanism to convert the sequential code into parallel code. In addition to that we have proposed a novel mechanism to achieve the parallelism using graphical processing units (GPU). Experiments with common parallelizable algorithms have shown that our toolkit can be easily and efficiently used to convert sequential code to parallel code and significant performance gains can be achieved.
Abstract: In Geographic Information System, one of the sources
of obtaining needed geographic data is digitizing analog maps and
evaluation of aerial and satellite photos. In this study, a method will
be discussed which can be used to extract vectorial features and
creating vectorized drawing files for aerial photos. At the same time
a software developed for these purpose. Converting from raster to
vector is also known as vectorization and it is the most important step
when creating vectorized drawing files. In the developed algorithm,
first of all preprocessing on the aerial photo is done. These are;
converting to grayscale if necessary, reducing noise, applying some
filters and determining the edge of the objects etc. After these steps,
every pixel which constitutes the photo are followed from upper left
to right bottom by examining its neighborhood relationship and one
pixel wide lines or polylines obtained. The obtained lines have to be
erased for preventing confusion while continuing vectorization
because if not erased they can be perceived as new line, but if erased
it can cause discontinuity in vector drawing so the image converted
from 2 bit to 8 bit and the detected pixels are expressed as a different
bit. In conclusion, the aerial photo can be converted to vector form
which includes lines and polylines and can be opened in any CAD
application.
Abstract: With the advance of multimedia and diagnostic
images technologies, the number of radiographic images is increasing
constantly. The medical field demands sophisticated systems for
search and retrieval of the produced multimedia document. This
paper presents an ongoing research that focuses on the semantic
content of radiographic image documents to facilitate semantic-based
radiographic image indexing and a retrieval system. The proposed
model would divide a radiographic image document, based on its
semantic content, and would be converted into a logical structure or
a semantic structure. The logical structure represents the overall
organization of information. The semantic structure, which is bound
to logical structure, is composed of semantic objects with
interrelationships in the various spaces in the radiographic image.
Abstract: One of the most important parameters to develop and
manage urban areas is appropriate selection of land surface to
develop green spaces in these areas. In this study, in order to identify
the most appropriate sites and areas cultivated for ornamental species
in Jiroft, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images
due to extract the most important effective climatic and adaphic
parameters for growth ornamental species were used. After geometric
and atmospheric corrections applied, to enhance accuracy of multi
spectral (XS) bands, the fusion of Landsat XS bands by IRS-1D
panchromatic band (PAN) was performed. After field sampling to
evaluate the correlation between different factors in surface soil
sampling location and different bands digital number (DN) of ETM+
sensor on the same points, correlation tables formed using the best
computational model and the map of physical and chemical
parameters of soil was produced. Then the accuracy of them was
investigated by using kappa coefficient. Finally, according to
produced maps, the best areas for cultivation of recommended
species were introduced.
Abstract: This paper presents an interactive modeling system of
polyhedra using the isomorphic graphs. Especially, Conway
polyhedron notation is implemented. The notation can be observed as
interactive animation.