Skin color can provide a useful and robust cue
for human-related image analysis, such as face detection,
pornographic image filtering, hand detection and tracking,
people retrieval in databases and Internet, etc. The major
problem of such kinds of skin color detection algorithms is
that it is time consuming and hence cannot be applied to a real
time system. To overcome this problem, we introduce a new
fast technique for skin detection which can be applied in a real
time system. In this technique, instead of testing each image
pixel to label it as skin or non-skin (as in classic techniques),
we skip a set of pixels. The reason of the skipping process is
the high probability that neighbors of the skin color pixels are
also skin pixels, especially in adult images and vise versa. The
proposed method can rapidly detect skin and non-skin color
pixels, which in turn dramatically reduce the CPU time
required for the protection process. Since many fast detection
techniques are based on image resizing, we apply our
proposed pixel skipping technique with image resizing to
obtain better results. The performance evaluation of the
proposed skipping and hybrid techniques in terms of the
measured CPU time is presented. Experimental results
demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve better result
than the relevant classic method.
[1] A., Efros, and W. Freeman, "Image quilting for texture synthesis and
transfer". In SIGGRAPH-01, 341-346, 2001.
[2] B.D., Zarit, B.J., Super, and F.K.H. Quek, "Comparison of five color
models in skin pixel classification". In Int. Workshop on Recognition,
Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems,
pages 58-63, Corfu, Greece, Sept. 1999.
[3] B.Menser, and M. Wien, "Segmentation and tracking of facial regions in
color image sequences". In SPIE Visual Communications and Image
Processing, Perth, Australia, 2000.
[4] C. A. Poynton,. "Frequently asked questions about colour". Available at
ftp://www.inforamp.net/pub/users/poynton/doc/colour/ColorFAQ.ps.gz.
1995.
[5] C., Wanga, P., Xueb, and W., Lin, "Layered image resizing in
compression domain", Signal Processing: Image Communication 23
(2008) 58-69. Available at www.sciencedirect.com
[6] D. Chai, and A., Bouzerdoum, "A Bayesian Approach to Skin Color
Classification in YCbCr Color Space". In Proc. Of IEEE Region Ten
Conference, vol. 2, 421- 4124, 1999.
[7] D. Chai, and K.N. Ngan, "Face segmentation using skin-color map in
videophone applications". IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for
Video Technology, 9(4): 551-564, June 1999.
[8] F. Tomaz, T. Candeias, and H. Shahbazkia, "Fast and Accurate Skin
Segmentation in Color images". CRV04, 2004.
[9] G. Kukharev, A. Novosielski, "Visitor identification elaborating real
time face recognition system", In Proc. 12th Winter School on Computer
Graphics (WSCG), Plzen, Czech Republic, pp. 157-164, Feb. 2004.
[10] "Image Resizing - outperform GDI+", URL address:
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/GDI-plus/imgresizoutperfgdiplus.aspx
[11] J. Ahlberg,. "A system for face localization and facial feature
extraction". Tech. Rep. LiTH-ISY-R-2172, Linkoping University, 1999.
[12] J. Mukherjee, and S.K. Mitra, "Image resizing in the compressed domain
using subband DCT", IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 12
(July 2002) 620-627.
[13] P. Kakumanu, S. Makrogiannis, N. Bourbakis, "A Survey of Skin-Color
Modeling and Detection Methods", Pattern Recognition 40, pp 1106-
1122, 2007. available at www.sciencedirect.com.
[14] R. Dugad, and N. Ahuja, "A fast scheme for image size change in the
compressed domain", IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 11
(April 2001) 461-474.
[15] R., Gonzales, and E., Woods, "Digital Image Processing," Prentice Hall,
Inc, New Jersey, 2002.
[16] R.L., Hsu, M., Abdel-Mottaleb, and A.K. Jain, "Face detection in color
images". IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,
24(5):696-706, May 2002.
[17] R. Seguier, "A very fast adaptive face detection system", in Proc.
IASTED Conf. on Visualization, Imaging, and Image Processing (VIIP),
Marbella, Spain, Sep. 2004.
[18] S. L., Phung, A., Bouzerdoum, and D. Chai, "A novel skin color model
in YCbCr color space and its application to human face detection". In
IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP-2002), vol. 1,
289-292, 2002.
[19] V., Kwatra, A., Schodl, I., Essa, G., Turk, and A., Bobick, "Graphcut
textures: Image and video synthesis using graph cuts". In
SIGGRAPH-03, 277-286, 2003.
[20] V., Vezhnevets, V., Sazonov, and A. Andreeva, "A survey on pixelbased
skin color detection techniques". In GraphiCon, Moscow, Russia,
Sept. 2003.
[1] A., Efros, and W. Freeman, "Image quilting for texture synthesis and
transfer". In SIGGRAPH-01, 341-346, 2001.
[2] B.D., Zarit, B.J., Super, and F.K.H. Quek, "Comparison of five color
models in skin pixel classification". In Int. Workshop on Recognition,
Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems,
pages 58-63, Corfu, Greece, Sept. 1999.
[3] B.Menser, and M. Wien, "Segmentation and tracking of facial regions in
color image sequences". In SPIE Visual Communications and Image
Processing, Perth, Australia, 2000.
[4] C. A. Poynton,. "Frequently asked questions about colour". Available at
ftp://www.inforamp.net/pub/users/poynton/doc/colour/ColorFAQ.ps.gz.
1995.
[5] C., Wanga, P., Xueb, and W., Lin, "Layered image resizing in
compression domain", Signal Processing: Image Communication 23
(2008) 58-69. Available at www.sciencedirect.com
[6] D. Chai, and A., Bouzerdoum, "A Bayesian Approach to Skin Color
Classification in YCbCr Color Space". In Proc. Of IEEE Region Ten
Conference, vol. 2, 421- 4124, 1999.
[7] D. Chai, and K.N. Ngan, "Face segmentation using skin-color map in
videophone applications". IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for
Video Technology, 9(4): 551-564, June 1999.
[8] F. Tomaz, T. Candeias, and H. Shahbazkia, "Fast and Accurate Skin
Segmentation in Color images". CRV04, 2004.
[9] G. Kukharev, A. Novosielski, "Visitor identification elaborating real
time face recognition system", In Proc. 12th Winter School on Computer
Graphics (WSCG), Plzen, Czech Republic, pp. 157-164, Feb. 2004.
[10] "Image Resizing - outperform GDI+", URL address:
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/GDI-plus/imgresizoutperfgdiplus.aspx
[11] J. Ahlberg,. "A system for face localization and facial feature
extraction". Tech. Rep. LiTH-ISY-R-2172, Linkoping University, 1999.
[12] J. Mukherjee, and S.K. Mitra, "Image resizing in the compressed domain
using subband DCT", IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 12
(July 2002) 620-627.
[13] P. Kakumanu, S. Makrogiannis, N. Bourbakis, "A Survey of Skin-Color
Modeling and Detection Methods", Pattern Recognition 40, pp 1106-
1122, 2007. available at www.sciencedirect.com.
[14] R. Dugad, and N. Ahuja, "A fast scheme for image size change in the
compressed domain", IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 11
(April 2001) 461-474.
[15] R., Gonzales, and E., Woods, "Digital Image Processing," Prentice Hall,
Inc, New Jersey, 2002.
[16] R.L., Hsu, M., Abdel-Mottaleb, and A.K. Jain, "Face detection in color
images". IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,
24(5):696-706, May 2002.
[17] R. Seguier, "A very fast adaptive face detection system", in Proc.
IASTED Conf. on Visualization, Imaging, and Image Processing (VIIP),
Marbella, Spain, Sep. 2004.
[18] S. L., Phung, A., Bouzerdoum, and D. Chai, "A novel skin color model
in YCbCr color space and its application to human face detection". In
IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP-2002), vol. 1,
289-292, 2002.
[19] V., Kwatra, A., Schodl, I., Essa, G., Turk, and A., Bobick, "Graphcut
textures: Image and video synthesis using graph cuts". In
SIGGRAPH-03, 277-286, 2003.
[20] V., Vezhnevets, V., Sazonov, and A. Andreeva, "A survey on pixelbased
skin color detection techniques". In GraphiCon, Moscow, Russia,
Sept. 2003.
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:63577", author = "Tarek M. Mahmoud", title = "A New Fast Skin Color Detection Technique", abstract = "Skin color can provide a useful and robust cue
for human-related image analysis, such as face detection,
pornographic image filtering, hand detection and tracking,
people retrieval in databases and Internet, etc. The major
problem of such kinds of skin color detection algorithms is
that it is time consuming and hence cannot be applied to a real
time system. To overcome this problem, we introduce a new
fast technique for skin detection which can be applied in a real
time system. In this technique, instead of testing each image
pixel to label it as skin or non-skin (as in classic techniques),
we skip a set of pixels. The reason of the skipping process is
the high probability that neighbors of the skin color pixels are
also skin pixels, especially in adult images and vise versa. The
proposed method can rapidly detect skin and non-skin color
pixels, which in turn dramatically reduce the CPU time
required for the protection process. Since many fast detection
techniques are based on image resizing, we apply our
proposed pixel skipping technique with image resizing to
obtain better results. The performance evaluation of the
proposed skipping and hybrid techniques in terms of the
measured CPU time is presented. Experimental results
demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve better result
than the relevant classic method.", keywords = "Adult images filtering, image resizing, skin color
detection, YcbCr color space.", volume = "2", number = "7", pages = "2557-5", }