Abstract: An interesting method to produce calcium carbonate is based in a gas-liquid reaction between carbon dioxide and aqueous solutions of calcium hydroxide. The design parameters for gas-liquid phase are flow regime, individual mass transfer, gas-liquid specific interfacial area. Most studies on gas-liquid phase were devoted to the experimental determination of some of these parameters, and more specifically, of the mass transfer coefficient, kLa which depends fundamentally on the superficial gas velocity and on the physical properties of absorption phase. The principle investigation was directed to study the effect of the vibration on the mass transfer coefficient kLa in gas-liquid phase during absorption of CO2 in the in aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide. The vibration with a higher frequency increase the mass transfer coefficient kLa, but vibration with lower frequency didn-t improve it, the mass transfer coefficient kLa increase with increase the superficial gas velocity.
Abstract: PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) polymer is a suitable material for biological and MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) designers, because of its biocompatibility, transparency and high resistance under plasma treatment. PDMS round channel is always been of great interest due to its ability to confine the liquid with membrane type micro valves. In this paper we are presenting a very simple way to form round shapemicrofluidic channel, which is based on reflow of positive photoresist AZ® 40 XT. With this method, it is possible to obtain channel of different height simply by varying the spin coating parameters of photoresist.
Abstract: Recently, a great amount of interest has been shown
in the field of modeling and controlling hybrid systems. One of the
efficient and common methods in this area utilizes the mixed logicaldynamical
(MLD) systems in the modeling. In this method, the
system constraints are transformed into mixed-integer inequalities by
defining some logic statements. In this paper, a system containing
three tanks is modeled as a nonlinear switched system by using the
MLD framework. Comparing the model size of the three-tank system
with that of a two-tank system, it is deduced that the number of
binary variables, the size of the system and its complexity
tremendously increases with the number of tanks, which makes the
control of the system more difficult. Therefore, methods should be
found which result in fewer mixed-integer inequalities.
Abstract: Tool Tracker is a client-server based application. It is essentially a catalogue of various network monitoring and management tools that are available online. There is a database maintained on the server side that contains the information about various tools. Several clients can access this information simultaneously and utilize this information. The various categories of tools considered are packet sniffers, port mappers, port scanners, encryption tools, and vulnerability scanners etc for the development of this application. This application provides a front end through which the user can invoke any tool from a central repository for the purpose of packet sniffing, port scanning, network analysis etc. Apart from the tool, its description and the help files associated with it would also be stored in the central repository. This facility will enable the user to view the documentation pertaining to the tool without having to download and install the tool. The application would update the central repository with the latest versions of the tools. The application would inform the user about the availability of a newer version of the tool currently being used and give the choice of installing the newer version to the user. Thus ToolTracker provides any network administrator that much needed abstraction and ease-ofuse with respect to the tools that he can use to efficiently monitor a network.
Abstract: EGOTHOR is a search engine that indexes the Web
and allows us to search the Web documents. Its hit list contains URL
and title of the hits, and also some snippet which tries to shortly
show a match. The snippet can be almost always assembled by an
algorithm that has a full knowledge of the original document (mostly
HTML page). It implies that the search engine is required to store
the full text of the documents as a part of the index.
Such a requirement leads us to pick up an appropriate compression
algorithm which would reduce the space demand. One of the solutions
could be to use common compression methods, for instance gzip or
bzip2, but it might be preferable if we develop a new method which
would take advantage of the document structure, or rather, the textual
character of the documents.
There already exist a special compression text algorithms and
methods for a compression of XML documents. The aim of this
paper is an integration of the two approaches to achieve an optimal
level of the compression ratio
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to express the input-output
matrix as a linear ordering problem which is classified as an NP-hard
problem. We then use a Tabu search algorithm to find the best
permutation among sectors in the input-output matrix that will give
an optimal solution. This optimal permutation can be useful in
designing policies and strategies for economists and government in
their goal of maximizing the gross domestic product.
Abstract: Representing objects in a dynamic domain is essential
in commonsense reasoning under some circumstances. Classical logics
and their nonmonotonic consequences, however, are usually not
able to deal with reasoning with dynamic domains due to the fact that
every constant in the logical language denotes some existing object
in the static domain. In this paper, we explore a logical formalization
which allows us to represent nonexisting objects in commonsense
reasoning. A formal system named N-theory is proposed for this
purpose and its possible application in computer security is briefly
discussed.
Abstract: With the rapid development in the field of life
sciences and the flooding of genomic information, the need for faster
and scalable searching methods has become urgent. One of the
approaches that were investigated is indexing. The indexing methods
have been categorized into three categories which are the lengthbased
index algorithms, transformation-based algorithms and mixed
techniques-based algorithms. In this research, we focused on the
transformation based methods. We embedded the N-gram method
into the transformation-based method to build an inverted index
table. We then applied the parallel methods to speed up the index
building time and to reduce the overall retrieval time when querying
the genomic database. Our experiments show that the use of N-Gram
transformation algorithm is an economical solution; it saves time and
space too. The result shows that the size of the index is smaller than
the size of the dataset when the size of N-Gram is 5 and 6. The
parallel N-Gram transformation algorithm-s results indicate that the
uses of parallel programming with large dataset are promising which
can be improved further.
Abstract: The study of tourist activities and the mapping of their routes in space and time has become an important issue in tourism management. Here we represent space-time paths for the tourism industry by visualizing individual tourist activities and the paths followed using a 3D Geographic Information System (GIS). Considerable attention has been devoted to the measurement of accessibility to shopping, eating, walking and other services at the tourist destination. I turns out that GIS is a useful tool for studying the spatial behaviors of tourists in the area. The value of GIS is especially advantageous for space-time potential path area measures, especially for the accurate visualization of possible paths through existing city road networks. This study seeks to apply space-time concepts with a detailed street network map obtained from Google Maps to measure tourist paths both spatially and temporally. These paths are further determined based on data obtained from map questionnaires regarding the trip activities of 40 individuals. The analysis of the data makes it possible to determining the locations of the more popular paths. The results can be visualized using 3D GIS to show the areas and potential activity opportunities accessible to tourists during their travel time.
Abstract: In this paper, a new technique of signal detection has been proposed for detecting the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal in the presence of nonlinear distortion.There are several advantages of OFDM communications system.However, one of the existing problems is remain considered as the nonlinear distortion generated by high-power-amplifier at the transmitter end due to the large dynamic range of an OFDM signal. The proposed method is the maximum likelihood detection with the symbol estimation. When the training data are available, the neural network has been used to learn the characteristic of received signal and to estimate the new positions of the transmitted symbol which are provided to the maximum likelihood detector. Resulting in the system performance, the nonlinear distortions of a traveling wave tube amplifier with OFDM signal are considered in this paper.Simulation results of the bit-error-rate performance are obtained with 16-QAM OFDM systems.
Abstract: Although many studies on the assembly technology of
the bridge construction have dealt mostly with on the pier, girder or the
deck of the bridge, studies on the prefabricated barrier have rarely been
performed. For understanding structural characteristics and
application of the concrete barrier in the modular bridge, which is an
assembly of structure members, static loading test was performed.
Structural performances as a road barrier of the three methods,
conventional cast-in-place(ST), vertical bolt connection(BVC) and
horizontal bolt connection(BHC) were evaluated and compared
through the analyses of load-displacement curves, strain curves of the
steel, concrete strain curves and the visual appearances of crack
patterns. The vertical bolt connection(BVC) method demonstrated
comparable performance as an alternative to conventional
cast-in-place(ST) while providing all the advantages of prefabricated
technology. Necessities for the future improvement in nuts
enforcement as well as legal standard and regulation are also
addressed.
Abstract: The present paper considers the steady free convection
boundary layer flow of a viscoelastic fluid on solid sphere with
Newtonian heating. The boundary layer equations are an order higher
than those for the Newtonian (viscous) fluid and the adherence
boundary conditions are insufficient to determine the solution of
these equations completely. Thus, the augmentation an extra
boundary condition is needed to perform the numerical
computational. The governing boundary layer equations are first
transformed into non-dimensional form by using special
dimensionless group and then solved by using an implicit finite
difference scheme. The results are displayed graphically to illustrate
the influence of viscoelastic K and Prandtl Number Pr parameters on
skin friction, heat transfer, velocity profiles and temperature profiles.
Present results are compared with the published papers and are found
to concur very well.
Abstract: This paper discuss the separation of the miscible
liquids by means of fractional distillation. For complete separation of
liquids, the process of heating, condensation, separation and storage
is done automatically to achieve the objective. PIC micro-controller
has been used to control each and every process of the work. The
controller also controls the storage process by activating and deactivating
the conveyors. The liquids are heated which on reaching
their respective boiling points evaporate and enter the condensation
chamber where they convert into liquid. The liquids are then directed
to their respective tanks by means of stepper motor which moves in
three directions, each movement into different tank. The tank on
filling sends the signal to controller which then opens the solenoid
valves. The tank is emptied into the beakers below the nozzle. As the
beaker filled, the nozzle closes and the conveyors come into
operation. The filled beaker is replaced by an empty beaker from
behind. The work can be used in oil industries, chemical industries
and paint industries.
Abstract: This study was conducted to explore the effects of two
countries model comparison program in Taiwan and Singapore in
TIMSS database. The researchers used Multi-Group Hierarchical
Linear Modeling techniques to compare the effects of two different
country models and we tested our hypotheses on 4,046 Taiwan
students and 4,599 Singapore students in 2007 at two levels: the class
level and student (individual) level. Design quality is a class level
variable. Student level variables are achievement and self-confidence.
The results challenge the widely held view that retention has a positive
impact on self-confidence. Suggestions for future research are
discussed.
Abstract: To compare Healing Effects of an
Ayurvedic Preparation and Silver Sulfadiazine on burn wounds in
Albino Rats.
Methods: Albino rats– 30 male / female rats weighing between
150-200 g were used in the study. They were individually housed and
maintained on normal diet and water ad libitum. Partial thickness
burn wounds were inflicted, on overnight-starved animals under
pentobarbitone (30mg/kg, i.p.) anaesthesia, by pouring hot molten
wax at 80oC into a plastic cylinder of 300 mm2 circular openings
placed on the shaven back of the animal. Apart from the drugs under
investigation no local/ systemic chemotherapeutic cover will be
provided to animals. All the animals were assessed for the percentage
of wound contraction, signs of infection, scab formation and
histopathological examination.
Results: Percentage of wound healing was significantly better in
the test ointment group compared to the standard. Signs of infection
were observed in more animals in the test ointment group compared
to the standard. Scab formation also took place earlier in the test
ointment group compared to standard. Epithelial regeneration and
healing profile was better in the test ointment compared to the
standard. Moreover the test ointment group did not show any raised
margins in the wound or blackish discoloration as was observed in
silver sulfadiazine group.
Conclusion: The burn wound healing effect of the ayurvedic
ointment under study is better in comparison to standard therapy of
silver sulfadiazine. The problem of infection encountered with the
test ointment can be overcome by changing the concentrations and
proportions of the ingredients in the test ointment which constitutes
the further plan of the study.
Abstract: Dengue disease is an infectious vector-borne viral
disease that is commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical regions,
especially in urban and semi-urban areas, around the world and
including Malaysia. There is no currently available vaccine or
chemotherapy for the prevention or treatment of dengue disease.
Therefore prevention and treatment of the disease depend on vector
surveillance and control measures. Disease risk mapping has been
recognized as an important tool in the prevention and control
strategies for diseases. The choice of statistical model used for
relative risk estimation is important as a good model will
subsequently produce a good disease risk map. Therefore, the aim of
this study is to estimate the relative risk for dengue disease based
initially on the most common statistic used in disease mapping called
Standardized Morbidity Ratio (SMR) and one of the earliest
applications of Bayesian methodology called Poisson-gamma model.
This paper begins by providing a review of the SMR method, which
we then apply to dengue data of Perak, Malaysia. We then fit an
extension of the SMR method, which is the Poisson-gamma model.
Both results are displayed and compared using graph, tables and
maps. Results of the analysis shows that the latter method gives a
better relative risk estimates compared with using the SMR. The
Poisson-gamma model has been demonstrated can overcome the
problem of SMR when there is no observed dengue cases in certain
regions. However, covariate adjustment in this model is difficult and
there is no possibility for allowing spatial correlation between risks in
adjacent areas. The drawbacks of this model have motivated many
researchers to propose other alternative methods for estimating the
risk.
Abstract: This paper presents an effective traffic lights
recognition method at the daytime. First, Potential Traffic Lights
Detector (PTLD) use whole color source of YCbCr channel image and
make each binary image of green and red traffic lights. After PTLD
step, Shape Filter (SF) use to remove noise such as traffic sign, street
tree, vehicle, and building. At this time, noise removal properties
consist of information of blobs of binary image; length, area, area of
boundary box, etc. Finally, after an intermediate association step witch
goal is to define relevant candidates region from the previously
detected traffic lights, Adaptive Multi-class Classifier (AMC) is
executed. The classification method uses Haar-like feature and
Adaboost algorithm. For simulation, we are implemented through Intel
Core CPU with 2.80 GHz and 4 GB RAM and tested in the urban and
rural roads. Through the test, we are compared with our method and
standard object-recognition learning processes and proved that it
reached up to 94 % of detection rate which is better than the results
achieved with cascade classifiers. Computation time of our proposed
method is 15 ms.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to propose an observer design for nonlinear systems by using an augmented linear system derived by application of a formal linearization method. A given nonlinear differential equation is linearized by the formal linearization method which is based on Taylor expansion considering up to the higher order terms, and a measurement equation is transformed into an augmented linear one. To this augmented dimensional linear system, a linear estimation theory is applied and a nonlinear observer is derived. As an application of this method, an estimation problem of transient state of electric power systems is studied, and its numerical experiments indicate that this observer design shows remarkable performances for nonlinear systems.
Abstract: This article presents a current-mode quadrature
oscillator using differential different current conveyor (DDCC) and
voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA) as active
elements. The proposed circuit is realized fro m a non-inverting
lossless integrator and an inverting second order low-pass filter. The
oscillation condition and oscillation frequency can be
electronically/orthogonally controlled via input bias currents. The
circuit description is very simple, consisting of merely 1 DDCC, 1
VDTA, 1 grounded resistor and 3 grounded capacitors. Using only
grounded elements, the proposed circuit is then suitable for IC
architecture. The proposed oscillator has high output impedance
which is easy to cascade or dive the external load without the buffer
devices. The PSPICE simulation results are depicted, and the given
results agree well with the theoretical anticipation. The power
consumption is approximately 1.76mW at ±1.25V supply voltages.
Abstract: Topics Disaster and Emergency Management are highly debated among experts. Fast communication will help to deal with emergencies. Problem is with the network connection and data exchange. The paper suggests a solution, which allows possibilities and perspectives of new flexible communication platform to the protection of communication systems for crisis management. This platform is used for everyday communication and communication in crisis situations too.