Abstract: This study presents design of a carbon silicon electrode
for iontophorsis treatment towards alopecia. The alopecia is a medical
description means loss of hair from the body. For solving this problem,
the drug need to be delivered into the scalp, therefore, the
iontophoresis was chosen to use in this treatment. However, almost
common electrodes of iontophoresis device are made with metal
material, the electrodes could give patients hurt when they using it, and
it is hard to avoid the hair for attaching the hair. For this reason, an
electrode is made with silicon material to decrease the hurt from the
electrodes, and the carbon material is mixed in it for increasing
conductance. The several cones with stainless material on the
electrode make the electrode is able to void hair to attach the affected
part. According to the results of a vivo-experiment, the carbon silicon
electrode showed a good performance and in treatment comfortably.
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine secondary prospective mathematics teachers- views related to using flash animations in mathematics lessons and to reveal how the sample presentations towards different mathematical concepts altered their views. This is a case study involving three secondary prospective mathematics teachers from a state university in Turkey. The data gathered from two semi-structural interviews. Findings revealed that these animations help understand mathematics meaningfully, relate mathematics and real world, visualization, and comprehend the importance of mathematics. The analysis of the data indicated that the sample presentations enhanced participants- views about using flash animations in mathematics lessons.
Abstract: Maximal length sequences (m-sequences) are also
known as pseudo random sequences or pseudo noise sequences
for closely following Golomb-s popular randomness properties: (P1)
balance, (P2) run, and (P3) ideal autocorrelation. Apart from these,
there also exist certain other less known properties of such sequences
all of which are discussed in this tutorial paper. Comprehensive proofs
to each of these properties are provided towards better understanding
of such sequences. A simple test is also proposed at the end of
the paper in order to distinguish pseudo noise sequences from truly
random sequences such as Bernoulli sequences.
Abstract: The goal of a network-based intrusion detection
system is to classify activities of network traffics into two major
categories: normal and attack (intrusive) activities. Nowadays, data
mining and machine learning plays an important role in many
sciences; including intrusion detection system (IDS) using both
supervised and unsupervised techniques. However, one of the
essential steps of data mining is feature selection that helps in
improving the efficiency, performance and prediction rate of
proposed approach. This paper applies unsupervised K-means
clustering algorithm with information gain (IG) for feature selection
and reduction to build a network intrusion detection system. For our
experimental analysis, we have used the new NSL-KDD dataset,
which is a modified dataset for KDDCup 1999 intrusion detection
benchmark dataset. With a split of 60.0% for the training set and the
remainder for the testing set, a 2 class classifications have been
implemented (Normal, Attack). Weka framework which is a java
based open source software consists of a collection of machine
learning algorithms for data mining tasks has been used in the testing
process. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is
very accurate with low false positive rate and high true positive rate
and it takes less learning time in comparison with using the full
features of the dataset with the same algorithm.
Abstract: This paper discusses the implementation of a fuzzy logic based coordinated voltage control for a distribution system connected with distributed generations (DGs). The connection of DGs has created a challenge for the distribution network operators to keep the voltage in the system within its acceptable limits. Intelligent centralized or coordinated voltage control schemes have proven to be more reliable due to its ability to provide more control and coordination with the communication with other network devices. In this work, voltage control using fuzzy logic by coordinating three methods of control, power factor control, on load tap changer and generation curtailment is implemented on a distribution network test system. The results show that the fuzzy logic based coordination is able to keep the voltage within its allowable limits.
Abstract: To achieve competitive advantage nowadays, most of
the industrial companies are considering that success is sustained to
great product development. That is to manage the product throughout
its entire lifetime ranging from design, manufacture, operation and
destruction. Achieving this goal requires a tight collaboration
between partners from a wide variety of domains, resulting in various
product data types and formats, as well as different software tools. So
far, the lack of a meaningful unified representation for product data
semantics has slowed down efficient product development. This
paper proposes an ontology based approach to enable such semantic
interoperability. Generic and extendible product ontology is
described, gathering main concepts pertaining to the mechanical field
and the relations that hold among them. The ontology is not
exhaustive; nevertheless, it shows that such a unified representation
is possible and easily exploitable. This is illustrated thru a case study
with an example product and some semantic requests to which the
ontology responds quite easily. The study proves the efficiency of
ontologies as a support to product data exchange and information
sharing, especially in product development environments where
collaboration is not just a choice but a mandatory prerequisite.
Abstract: Assassination of politicians, school mass murders, purported suicides, aircraft crash, mass shootings by police, sinking of sea ferries, mysterious car accidents, mass fire deaths and horrificterror attacks are some of the cases that bring forth scientific and legal conflicts. Questions about truth, justice and human rights are raised by both victims and perpetrators/offenders as they seek to understand why and how it happened to them. This kind of questioning manifests itself in medical-criminological-legalpsychological and scientific realms. An agreement towards truthinvestigations for possible legal-political-psychological transitory issues such as prosecution, victim-offender mediation, healing, reconciliation, amnesty, reparation, restitution, and policy formulations is seen as one way of transforming these conflicts. Forensic scientists and pathologists in particular have formed professional groups where the complexities between legal truth and scientific truth are dramatized and elucidated within the anatomy of courtrooms. This paper focuses on how pathological truth and legal truth interact with each other in Kenya’s criminal justice system.
Abstract: Optimization of a microwave-assisted extraction of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) fruit using methanol was studied. The influence of process parameters (microwave power, plant material-to-solvent ratio and the extraction time) on the extraction efficiency were optimized by using response surface methodology. The predicted maximum yield of extractive substances (41.85 g/100 g fresh plant material) was obtained at microwave power of 600 W and plant material to solvent ratio of 0.2 g/cm3 after 26 minutes of extraction, while a mean value of 40.80±0.41 g/100 g fresh plant material was obtained from laboratory experiments. This proves applicability of the model in predicting optimal extraction conditions with minimal laborious and time consuming. The results indicated that all process parameters were effective on the extraction efficiency, while the most important factor was extraction time. In order to rationalize production the optimal economical condition which gave a large total extract yield with minimal energy and solvent consumption was found.
Abstract: Web-based systems have become increasingly
important due to the fact that the Internet and the World Wide Web
have become ubiquitous, surpassing all other technological
developments in our history. The Internet and especially companies
websites has rapidly evolved in their scope and extent of use, from
being a little more than fixed advertising material, i.e. a "web
presences", which had no particular influence for the company's
business, to being one of the most essential parts of the company's
core business.
Traditional software engineering approaches with process models
such as, for example, CMM and Waterfall models, do not work very
well since web system development differs from traditional
development. The development differs in several ways, for example,
there is a large gap between traditional software engineering designs
and concepts and the low-level implementation model, many of the
web based system development activities are business oriented (for
example web application are sales-oriented, web application and
intranets are content-oriented) and not engineering-oriented.
This paper aims to introduce Increment Iterative extreme
Programming (IIXP) methodology for developing web based
systems. In difference to the other existence methodologies, this
methodology is combination of different traditional and modern
software engineering and web engineering principles.
Abstract: The radius-of-curvature (ROC) defines the degree of
curvature along the centerline of a roadway whereby a travelling
vehicle must follow. Roadway designs must encompass ROC in
mitigating the cost of earthwork associated with construction while
also allowing vehicles to travel at maximum allowable design speeds.
Thus, a road will tend to follow natural topography where possible,
but curvature must also be optimized to permit fast, but safe vehicle
speeds. The more severe the curvature of the road, the slower the
permissible vehicle speed. For route planning, whether for urban
settings, emergency operations, or even parcel delivery, ROC is a
necessary attribute of road arcs for computing travel time.
It is extremely rare for a geo-spatial database to contain ROC. This
paper will present a procedure and mathematical algorithm to
calculate and assign ROC to a segment pair and/or polyline.
Abstract: This research was undertaken to study enzymatic activity in the shoots, roots, and rhizosphere of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in quartz sand that was uncontaminated and
contaminated with phenanthrene at concentrations of 10 and 100 mg kg-1. The higher concentration of phehanthrene had a distinct
phytotoxic effect on alfalfa, inhibiting seed germination energy, plant survival, and biomass accumulation. The plant stress response to the
environmental pollution was an increase in peroxidase activity. Peroxidases were the predominant enzymes in the alfalfa shoots and
roots. The peroxidase profile in the shoots differed from that in the roots and had different isoenzyme numbers. 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) peroxidase was
predominant in the shoots, and 2,7-diaminofluorene (2,2-DAF)
peroxidase was predominant in the roots. Under the influence of
phenanthrene, the activity of 2,7-DAF peroxidase increased in the
shoots, and the activity of ABTS peroxidase increased in the roots.
Alfalfa root peroxidases were the prevalent enzyme systems in the
rhizosphere sand. Examination of the activity of alfalfa root
peroxidase toward phenanthrene revealed the possibility of
involvement of the plant enzyme in rhizosphere degradation of the
PAH.
Abstract: The ongoing effort to develop an in-house
compressible solver with multi-disciplinary physics is presented in
this paper. Basic compressible solver combined with IBM technique
provides us an effective numerical tool able to tackle the physics
phenomena and especially physic phenomena involved in Solid
Rocket Motors (SRMs). Main principles are introduced step by step
describing its implementation. This paper sheds light on the whole
potentiality of our proposed numerical model and we strongly believe
a way to introduce multi-physics mechanisms strongly coupled is
opened to ablation in nozzle, fluid/structure interaction and burning
propellant surface with time.
Abstract: This paper proposes the use of metrics in design space exploration that highlight where in the structure of the model and at what point in the behaviour, prevention is needed against transient faults. Previous approaches to tackle transient faults focused on recovery after detection. Almost no research has been directed towards preventive measures. But in real-time systems, hard deadlines are performance requirements that absolutely must be met and a missed deadline constitutes an erroneous action and a possible system failure. This paper proposes the use of metrics to assess the system design to flag where transient faults may have significant impact. These tools then allow the design to be changed to minimize that impact, and they also flag where particular design techniques – such as coding of communications or memories – need to be applied in later stages of design.
Abstract: In studies on psychological health and children-s personality development and in researches on emotional distresses, children-s behavioral disorders associated with mother deprivation, are known as the major cause of mental disorders. Therefore, for identification of children-s attachment styles in nursery-s children are of significant importance. For this purpose, to compare the attachment styles between children of nursery with those provided care by their families, the Separation Anxiety Test (SAT) of Slough and et al was administered on 72 children (36 in nursery and 36 family-cared). The results indicated, almost half of children in both groups have insecure attachment styles. Tendency ratio of both groups of children towards Secure and Ambivalent Insecure styles are almost the same. However the avoidant style of attachment in children of nursery is more than those provided care by their families. The children under family care compared to the children of nursery, in the situations of separation from their mothers in the first day of school and sleeping in their room, have shown more self reliance.
Abstract: The excessive use of agricultural pesticides and the
resulting contamination of food and beds of rivers have been a
recurring problem nowadays. Some of these substances can cause
changes in endocrine balance and impair reproductive function of
human and animal population. In the present study, we evaluated the
possible effects of the fungicide cuprous copper oxide Sandoz® on
pregnant Wistar rats. They received a daily oral administration of 103
or 3.103 mg/kg of the fungicide from the 6th to the 15th day of
gestation. On day 21 of gestation, the maternal and fetal toxicity
parameters and indices were determined. The administration of
cuprous oxide (Copper Sandoz) in Wistar rats, the period of
organogenesis, revealed no evidence of maternal toxicity or embryo
at the studied doses.
Abstract: Different types of aggregation operators such as the
ordered weighted quasi-arithmetic mean (Quasi-OWA) operator and
the normalized Hamming distance are studied. We introduce the use
of the OWA operator in generalized distances such as the quasiarithmetic
distance. We will call these new distance aggregation the
ordered weighted quasi-arithmetic distance (Quasi-OWAD) operator.
We develop a general overview of this type of generalization and
study some of their main properties such as the distinction between
descending and ascending orders. We also consider different families
of Quasi-OWAD operators such as the Minkowski ordered weighted
averaging distance (MOWAD) operator, the ordered weighted
averaging distance (OWAD) operator, the Euclidean ordered
weighted averaging distance (EOWAD) operator, the normalized
quasi-arithmetic distance, etc.
Abstract: Job stress is one of the most important concepts for
the today-s corporate as well as institutional world. The current study
is conducted to identify the causes of faculty stress at Higher
Education in Pakistan. For the purpose, Public & Private Business
Schools of Punjab is selected as representative of Pakistan. A sample
of 300 faculty members (214 males, 86 females) responded to the
survey. Regression analysis shows that the Workload, Student
Related issues and Role Conflicts are the major sources contributing
significantly towards producing stress. The study also revealed that
Private sector faculty members experienced more stress as compared
to faculty in Public sector Business Schools. Moreover, females,
younger ages, lower designation & low qualification faculty
members experience more stress as compared to males, older ages,
higher designation and high qualification. The study yield many
significant results for the policy makers of Business Institutions.
Abstract: This paper analysis the tourism development on the
Red Sea in Egypt (west bank) and the needed ongoing action toward
a sustainable approach. It addresses, at the first, the development's
evolution occurred in the coastal area, the environmental effects it
left, and how to minimize those impacts in the future. The second
main point is dealing with the most important issues that hinder the
achievement of sustainable tourism development on the Red Sea
coast and how we can overcome them in the future.
Abstract: OLAP uses multidimensional structures, to provide
access to data for analysis. Traditionally, OLAP operations are more
focused on retrieving data from a single data mart. An exception is
the drill across operator. This, however, is restricted to retrieving
facts on common dimensions of the multiple data marts. Our concern
is to define further operations while retrieving data from multiple
data marts. Towards this, we have defined six operations which
coalesce data marts. While doing so we consider the common as well
as the non-common dimensions of the data marts.
Abstract: We present the induced generalized hybrid
averaging (IGHA) operator. It is a new aggregation operator
that generalizes the hybrid averaging (HA) by using
generalized means and order inducing variables. With this
formulation, we get a wide range of mean operators such as
the induced HA (IHA), the induced hybrid quadratic
averaging (IHQA), the HA, etc. The ordered weighted
averaging (OWA) operator and the weighted average (WA)
are included as special cases of the HA operator. Therefore,
with this generalization we can obtain a wide range of
aggregation operators such as the induced generalized OWA
(IGOWA), the generalized OWA (GOWA), etc. We further
generalize the IGHA operator by using quasi-arithmetic
means. Then, we get the Quasi-IHA operator. Finally, we also
develop an illustrative example of the new approach in a
financial decision making problem. The main advantage of the
IGHA is that it gives a more complete view of the decision
problem to the decision maker because it considers a wide
range of situations depending on the operator used.