Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) Fruit Using Response Surface Methodology
Optimization of a microwave-assisted extraction of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) fruit using methanol was studied. The influence of process parameters (microwave power, plant material-to-solvent ratio and the extraction time) on the extraction efficiency were optimized by using response surface methodology. The predicted maximum yield of extractive substances (41.85 g/100 g fresh plant material) was obtained at microwave power of 600 W and plant material to solvent ratio of 0.2 g/cm3 after 26 minutes of extraction, while a mean value of 40.80±0.41 g/100 g fresh plant material was obtained from laboratory experiments. This proves applicability of the model in predicting optimal extraction conditions with minimal laborious and time consuming. The results indicated that all process parameters were effective on the extraction efficiency, while the most important factor was extraction time. In order to rationalize production the optimal economical condition which gave a large total extract yield with minimal energy and solvent consumption was found.
[1] S. Kolayli, M. Küçük, C. Duran, F. Candan and B. Dinçer, Chemical and
antioxidant properties of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. (cherry laurel)
fruit grown in the Black Sea region, J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 51, no. 25, pp. 7489-7494, Dec. 2003.
[2] F. A. Ayaz, A. Kadioglu and S. Hayirlioglu-Ayaz, Determination of
some low molecular weight carbohydrates in the fruits of wild cherry laurel Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. using gas chromatography,
Turkish Journal of Botany, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 65-68, 1998.
[3] C. M. Liyana-Pathirana, F. Shahidi and C. Alasalvar, Antioxidant activity of cherry laurel fruit (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) and its
concentrated juice, Food Chem., vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 121-128, 2006.
[4] Y. Sahan, Effect of Prunus laurocerasus L. (cherry laurel) leaf extracts
on growth of bread spoilage fungi, Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., vol.17, no. 1, pp. 83-92, 2011.
[5] A. Islam, ÔÇÿKiraz- cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus), New Zeal. J. Crop. Hort. Sci., vol. 30, pp. 301-302, Dec. 2002.
[6] M. Var and F. A. Ayaz, Changes in sugar composition in cherry laurel
(cv oxygemmis) fruit during development and ripening, Pakistan J. Bot.,
vol. 36 (2), 389-394, June 2004.
[7] F. A. Ayaz, Studies on water soluble sugar and sugar alcohol in cultivars
and wild forms of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem., Pakistan J. Bot., vol.
29, no. 2, pp. 331-336, Dec. 1997.
[8] R. Rodriguez, V. Oderiz, L. Hernandez and S. Lozano, Study on
chemical composition - physical characteristics and ripeness index of
Prunus laurocerasus L. and Sambucus nigra L., Ind. Aliment., vol. 31,
no. 308, pp. 911-917, 1992.
[9] F. A. Ayaz, Changes in phenolic acids of cherry laurel (Laurocerasus
officinalis 'Oxygemmis') fruit during maturation, Acta Biol. Cracov. Ser.
Bot., vol. 43, pp. 23-26, 2001.
[10] V. Camel, Recent extraction techniques for solid matrices - Supercritical
fluid extraction, pressurized fluid extraction and microwave-assisted
extraction: Their potential and pitfalls, Analyst, vol. 126, no. 7, pp.
1182-1193, 2001.
[11] N. I. Belaya, T. A. Filippenko, A. V. Belyi, N. Y. Gribova, A. N.
Nikolaevskii and A. A. Biryukova, Electric-field-assisted extraction of
antioxidants from bearberry (Arctostaphylos adans) leaves, Pharm.
Chem. J., vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 504-506, Sep. 2006.
[12] S. Y. Chou, S. L. Lo, C. H. Hsieh and C. L. Chen, Sintering of MSWI
fly ash by microwave energy, J. Hazard. Mater,. vol. 163, no. 1, pp.
357-362, Apr., 2009.
[13] B. L. Hayes, Microwave synthesis: Chemistry at the speed of light, CEM
Publishing, Matthew, NC, 2002.
[14] W. P. Jones and A. D. Kinghorn, „Extraction of Plant Secondary
Metabolites“ in Natural products isolation S. D. Sarker, Z. Latif, A. I
.Gray, Ed., Humana Press, Totowa, 2006.
[15] I. T. Stanisavljević, M. L. Lazić, V. B. Veljković, Ultrasonic extraction
of oil from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds, Ultrason. Sonochem.,
vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 646-652, July 2007.
[16] I. Stanisavljević, S. Stojičević, D. Veličković, M. Lazić, V. Veljković,
Screening the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracts
from plantain (Plantago major L.) leaves, Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 43.
no. 14, pp. 3652-3662, Jan. 2008.
[17] S. Hemwimon, P. Pavasant and A. Shotipruk, Microwave-assisted
extraction of antioxidative anthraquinones from roots of Morinda
citrifolia, Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 44-50, Mar. 2007.
[18] C. S. Eskilsson and E. Björklund, Analytical-scale microwave-assisted
extraction, J. Chromatogr. A, vol. 902, no. 1, pp. 227-250, Nov. 2000.
[19] L. Wang and C. L. Weller, Recent advances in extraction of
nutraceuticals from plants, Trends Food Sci. Technol., vol. 17, no. 6, pp.
300-312, June 2006.[20] C. Proestos and M. Komaitis, Application of microwave-assisted
extraction to the fast extraction of plant phenolic compounds, LWT -
Food Sci. Technol., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 652-659, May 2008.
[21] Z. Ai, J. Quo, Y. Wang, Y. Liu and Q. Zhao, Microwave-assisted
extraction technique of apple polyphenols in apple pomace, Nongye
Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural
Engineering, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 188-191, June 2006.
[22] N. Hong, V. A. Yaylayan, G. S. Vijaya Raghavan, J. R. J. Paré and J. M.
R. Bélanger, Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds
from grape seed, Natural Product Lett., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 197-204,
2001.
[23] X. Pan, G. Niu and H. Liu, Microwave-assisted extraction of tea
polyphenols and tea caffeine from green tea leaves, Chem. Eng. Prog.,
vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 129-133, Feb. 2003.
[24] I. G. Zigoneanu, L. Williams, Z. Xu and C. M. Sabliov, Determination
of antioxidant components in rice bran oil extracted by microwaveassisted
method, Bioresource Technol., vol. 99, no. 11, pp. 4910-4918,
July 2008.
[25] B. Zhang, R. Yang and C. Z. Liu, Microwave-assisted extraction of
chlorogenic acid from flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb., Sep.
Purif. Technol., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 480-483, Sep. 2008.
[26] H. Y. Zhou and C. Z. Liu, Microwave-assisted extraction of solanesol
from tobacco leaves, J. Chromatogr. A, vol. 1129, no. 1, pp. 135–139,
Sep. 2006.
[27] M. A. Rostagno, M. Palma and C. G. Barroso, Microwave assisted
extraction of soy isoflavones, Anal. Chim. Acta, vol. 588, no. 2, pp. 274-
282, Apr. 2007.
[28] M., Giovanni, Response surface methodology and product optimization,
Food Technol., vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 41–45, 1983.
[29] H. K. Kim, J. R. Do, T. S. Lim, K. Akram, S. R. Yoon, and J. H. Kwon,
Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction for functional properties
of Vitis coignetiae extract by response surface methodology, J. Sci.
Food Agric., vol. 92, no.8, pp. 1780-1785, June 2012.
[30] P. Shao, He J., P. Sun and P. Zhao, Analysis of conditions for
microwave-assisted extraction of total water-soluble flavonoids from
Perilla Frutescens leaves, J. Food Sci. Tech., vol 49, no.1, pp. 66-73,
Feb. 2012.
[31] Y. Yang, S. Zhao, Y. Xu and Z. Yu, Optimization and comparison of
three methods on anthocyanins extraction from blackcurrant (Ribes
nigrum L.) using RSM, Adv. Mater. Res., vol. 361-363, pp. 691-700,
Oct. 2012.
[32] T. Yoshida, S. Tsubaki, Y.Teramoto and J. Azuma, Optimization of
microwave-assisted extraction of carbohydrates from industrial waste of
corn starch production using response surface methodology, Bioresource
Technol., vol. 101, no. 20, pp. 7820-7826, Oct. 2010.
[33] G. Lan, H. Chen, Z. Wang, W. Zhang and L. Zhang, Extraction of
Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharides using response surface
methodology and preparation of a compound beverage, Carbohydr.
Polym., vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 1175-1180, Aug. 2011.
[34] K. Sinha, P. D. Saha and S. Datta, Response surface optimization and
artificial neural network modeling of microwave assisted natural dye
extraction from pomegranate rind, Ind. Crop. Prod., vol. 37, no 1, pp.
408-414, May 2012.
[35] A. I. Khuri and J. A. Cornell, Response surfaces: design and analysis.
New York, Marcel Dekker, 1987.
[1] S. Kolayli, M. Küçük, C. Duran, F. Candan and B. Dinçer, Chemical and
antioxidant properties of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. (cherry laurel)
fruit grown in the Black Sea region, J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 51, no. 25, pp. 7489-7494, Dec. 2003.
[2] F. A. Ayaz, A. Kadioglu and S. Hayirlioglu-Ayaz, Determination of
some low molecular weight carbohydrates in the fruits of wild cherry laurel Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. using gas chromatography,
Turkish Journal of Botany, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 65-68, 1998.
[3] C. M. Liyana-Pathirana, F. Shahidi and C. Alasalvar, Antioxidant activity of cherry laurel fruit (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) and its
concentrated juice, Food Chem., vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 121-128, 2006.
[4] Y. Sahan, Effect of Prunus laurocerasus L. (cherry laurel) leaf extracts
on growth of bread spoilage fungi, Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., vol.17, no. 1, pp. 83-92, 2011.
[5] A. Islam, ÔÇÿKiraz- cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus), New Zeal. J. Crop. Hort. Sci., vol. 30, pp. 301-302, Dec. 2002.
[6] M. Var and F. A. Ayaz, Changes in sugar composition in cherry laurel
(cv oxygemmis) fruit during development and ripening, Pakistan J. Bot.,
vol. 36 (2), 389-394, June 2004.
[7] F. A. Ayaz, Studies on water soluble sugar and sugar alcohol in cultivars
and wild forms of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem., Pakistan J. Bot., vol.
29, no. 2, pp. 331-336, Dec. 1997.
[8] R. Rodriguez, V. Oderiz, L. Hernandez and S. Lozano, Study on
chemical composition - physical characteristics and ripeness index of
Prunus laurocerasus L. and Sambucus nigra L., Ind. Aliment., vol. 31,
no. 308, pp. 911-917, 1992.
[9] F. A. Ayaz, Changes in phenolic acids of cherry laurel (Laurocerasus
officinalis 'Oxygemmis') fruit during maturation, Acta Biol. Cracov. Ser.
Bot., vol. 43, pp. 23-26, 2001.
[10] V. Camel, Recent extraction techniques for solid matrices - Supercritical
fluid extraction, pressurized fluid extraction and microwave-assisted
extraction: Their potential and pitfalls, Analyst, vol. 126, no. 7, pp.
1182-1193, 2001.
[11] N. I. Belaya, T. A. Filippenko, A. V. Belyi, N. Y. Gribova, A. N.
Nikolaevskii and A. A. Biryukova, Electric-field-assisted extraction of
antioxidants from bearberry (Arctostaphylos adans) leaves, Pharm.
Chem. J., vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 504-506, Sep. 2006.
[12] S. Y. Chou, S. L. Lo, C. H. Hsieh and C. L. Chen, Sintering of MSWI
fly ash by microwave energy, J. Hazard. Mater,. vol. 163, no. 1, pp.
357-362, Apr., 2009.
[13] B. L. Hayes, Microwave synthesis: Chemistry at the speed of light, CEM
Publishing, Matthew, NC, 2002.
[14] W. P. Jones and A. D. Kinghorn, „Extraction of Plant Secondary
Metabolites“ in Natural products isolation S. D. Sarker, Z. Latif, A. I
.Gray, Ed., Humana Press, Totowa, 2006.
[15] I. T. Stanisavljević, M. L. Lazić, V. B. Veljković, Ultrasonic extraction
of oil from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds, Ultrason. Sonochem.,
vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 646-652, July 2007.
[16] I. Stanisavljević, S. Stojičević, D. Veličković, M. Lazić, V. Veljković,
Screening the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracts
from plantain (Plantago major L.) leaves, Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 43.
no. 14, pp. 3652-3662, Jan. 2008.
[17] S. Hemwimon, P. Pavasant and A. Shotipruk, Microwave-assisted
extraction of antioxidative anthraquinones from roots of Morinda
citrifolia, Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 44-50, Mar. 2007.
[18] C. S. Eskilsson and E. Björklund, Analytical-scale microwave-assisted
extraction, J. Chromatogr. A, vol. 902, no. 1, pp. 227-250, Nov. 2000.
[19] L. Wang and C. L. Weller, Recent advances in extraction of
nutraceuticals from plants, Trends Food Sci. Technol., vol. 17, no. 6, pp.
300-312, June 2006.[20] C. Proestos and M. Komaitis, Application of microwave-assisted
extraction to the fast extraction of plant phenolic compounds, LWT -
Food Sci. Technol., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 652-659, May 2008.
[21] Z. Ai, J. Quo, Y. Wang, Y. Liu and Q. Zhao, Microwave-assisted
extraction technique of apple polyphenols in apple pomace, Nongye
Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural
Engineering, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 188-191, June 2006.
[22] N. Hong, V. A. Yaylayan, G. S. Vijaya Raghavan, J. R. J. Paré and J. M.
R. Bélanger, Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds
from grape seed, Natural Product Lett., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 197-204,
2001.
[23] X. Pan, G. Niu and H. Liu, Microwave-assisted extraction of tea
polyphenols and tea caffeine from green tea leaves, Chem. Eng. Prog.,
vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 129-133, Feb. 2003.
[24] I. G. Zigoneanu, L. Williams, Z. Xu and C. M. Sabliov, Determination
of antioxidant components in rice bran oil extracted by microwaveassisted
method, Bioresource Technol., vol. 99, no. 11, pp. 4910-4918,
July 2008.
[25] B. Zhang, R. Yang and C. Z. Liu, Microwave-assisted extraction of
chlorogenic acid from flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb., Sep.
Purif. Technol., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 480-483, Sep. 2008.
[26] H. Y. Zhou and C. Z. Liu, Microwave-assisted extraction of solanesol
from tobacco leaves, J. Chromatogr. A, vol. 1129, no. 1, pp. 135–139,
Sep. 2006.
[27] M. A. Rostagno, M. Palma and C. G. Barroso, Microwave assisted
extraction of soy isoflavones, Anal. Chim. Acta, vol. 588, no. 2, pp. 274-
282, Apr. 2007.
[28] M., Giovanni, Response surface methodology and product optimization,
Food Technol., vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 41–45, 1983.
[29] H. K. Kim, J. R. Do, T. S. Lim, K. Akram, S. R. Yoon, and J. H. Kwon,
Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction for functional properties
of Vitis coignetiae extract by response surface methodology, J. Sci.
Food Agric., vol. 92, no.8, pp. 1780-1785, June 2012.
[30] P. Shao, He J., P. Sun and P. Zhao, Analysis of conditions for
microwave-assisted extraction of total water-soluble flavonoids from
Perilla Frutescens leaves, J. Food Sci. Tech., vol 49, no.1, pp. 66-73,
Feb. 2012.
[31] Y. Yang, S. Zhao, Y. Xu and Z. Yu, Optimization and comparison of
three methods on anthocyanins extraction from blackcurrant (Ribes
nigrum L.) using RSM, Adv. Mater. Res., vol. 361-363, pp. 691-700,
Oct. 2012.
[32] T. Yoshida, S. Tsubaki, Y.Teramoto and J. Azuma, Optimization of
microwave-assisted extraction of carbohydrates from industrial waste of
corn starch production using response surface methodology, Bioresource
Technol., vol. 101, no. 20, pp. 7820-7826, Oct. 2010.
[33] G. Lan, H. Chen, Z. Wang, W. Zhang and L. Zhang, Extraction of
Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharides using response surface
methodology and preparation of a compound beverage, Carbohydr.
Polym., vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 1175-1180, Aug. 2011.
[34] K. Sinha, P. D. Saha and S. Datta, Response surface optimization and
artificial neural network modeling of microwave assisted natural dye
extraction from pomegranate rind, Ind. Crop. Prod., vol. 37, no 1, pp.
408-414, May 2012.
[35] A. I. Khuri and J. A. Cornell, Response surfaces: design and analysis.
New York, Marcel Dekker, 1987.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:64722", author = "Ivana T. Karabegović and Saša S. Stojičević and Dragan T. Veličković and Nada Č. Nikolić and Miodrag L. Lazić", title = "Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) Fruit Using Response Surface Methodology", abstract = "Optimization of a microwave-assisted extraction of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) fruit using methanol was studied. The influence of process parameters (microwave power, plant material-to-solvent ratio and the extraction time) on the extraction efficiency were optimized by using response surface methodology. The predicted maximum yield of extractive substances (41.85 g/100 g fresh plant material) was obtained at microwave power of 600 W and plant material to solvent ratio of 0.2 g/cm3 after 26 minutes of extraction, while a mean value of 40.80±0.41 g/100 g fresh plant material was obtained from laboratory experiments. This proves applicability of the model in predicting optimal extraction conditions with minimal laborious and time consuming. The results indicated that all process parameters were effective on the extraction efficiency, while the most important factor was extraction time. In order to rationalize production the optimal economical condition which gave a large total extract yield with minimal energy and solvent consumption was found.
", keywords = "Cherry laurel, Extraction, Multiple regression modeling, Microwave.", volume = "6", number = "11", pages = "1042-6", }
