Abstract: Information on weed distribution within the field is
necessary to implement spatially variable herbicide application.
Since hand labor is costly, an automated weed control system could be
feasible. This paper deals with the development of an algorithm for
real time specific weed recognition system based on Histogram
Analysis of an image that is used for the weed classification. This
algorithm is specifically developed to classify images into broad and
narrow class for real-time selective herbicide application. The
developed system has been tested on weeds in the lab, which have
shown that the system to be very effectiveness in weed identification.
Further the results show a very reliable performance on images of
weeds taken under varying field conditions. The analysis of the results
shows over 95 percent classification accuracy over 140 sample images
(broad and narrow) with 70 samples from each category of weeds.
Abstract: With the turn of this century, many researchers
started showing interest in Embedded Firewall (EF) implementations.
These are not the usual firewalls that are used as checkpoints at network gateways. They are, rather, applied near those hosts that need protection. Hence by using them, individual or grouped network
components can be protected from the inside as well as from external attacks.
This paper presents a study of EF-s, looking at their architecture and problems. A comparative study assesses how practical each kind is. It particularly focuses on the architecture, weak points, and
portability of each kind. A look at their use by different categories of users is also presented.
Abstract: In order to give high expertise the computer aided
design of mechanical systems involves specific activities focused on
processing two type of information: knowledge and data. Expert rule
based knowledge is generally processing qualitative information and
involves searching for proper solutions and their combination into
synthetic variant. Data processing is based on computational models
and it is supposed to be inter-related with reasoning in the knowledge
processing. In this paper an Intelligent Integrated System is proposed,
for the objective of choosing the adequate material. The software is
developed in Prolog – Flex software and takes into account various
constraints that appear in the accurate operation of gears.
Abstract: Current air conditioning system is using refrigerant as
the cooling medium. The main purpose of this study is to develop an
air conditioning system using chill water as the cooling medium. In
this system, chill water used to replace refrigerant as the cooling
medium. This study is focus on the split type unit air conditioning
system only. It will be involving some renovation on the indoor unit
and freezer. The cooling capability of this system was validate by few
series of testing, which conducted at standard 36m3 office room.
Result of the testing found that 0.1 m3 of chill water is able to
maintain the room temperature within standard up to 4 ~ 8 hours. It
expected able to maintain room temperature up to 10 hour with some
improvement.
Abstract: Elastic light single-scattering spectroscopy system
with a single optical fiber probe was employed to differentiate cancerous prostate tissue from non-cancerous prostate tissue ex-vivo just after radical prostatectomy. First, ELSSS spectra were acquired
from cancerous prostate tissue to define its spectral features. Then,
spectra were acquired from normal prostate tissue to define difference in spectral features between the cancerous and normal
prostate tissues. Of the total 66 tissue samples were evaluated from
nine patients by ELSSS system. Comparing of histopathology results
and ELSSS measurements revealed that sign of the spectral slopes of
cancerous prostate tissue is negative and non-cancerous tissue is positive in the wavelength range from 450 to 750 nm. Based on the
correlation between histopathology results and sign of the spectral
slopes, ELSSS system differentiates cancerous prostate tissue from
non- cancerous with a sensitivity of 0.95 and a specificity of 0.94.
Abstract: In this paper, we establish several oscillation criteria for the nonlinear second-order damped delay dynamic equation r(t)|xΔ(t)|β-1xΔ(t)Δ + p(t)|xΔσ(t)|β-1xΔσ(t) + q(t)f(x(τ (t))) = 0 on an arbitrary time scale T, where β > 0 is a constant. Our results generalize and improve some known results in which β > 0 is a quotient of odd positive integers. Some examples are given to illustrate our main results.
Abstract: Ionanofluids are a new and innovative class of heat transfer fluids which exhibit fascinating thermophysical properties compared to their base ionic liquids. This paper deals with the findings of thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of ionanofluids as a function of a temperature and concentration of nanotubes. Simulation results using ionanofluids as coolants in heat exchanger are also used to access their feasibility and performance in heat transfer devices. Results on thermal conductivity and heat capacity of ionanofluids as well as the estimation of heat transfer areas for ionanofluids and ionic liquids in a model shell and tube heat exchanger reveal that ionanofluids possess superior thermal conductivity and heat capacity and require considerably less heat transfer areas as compared to those of their base ionic liquids. This novel class of fluids shows great potential for advanced heat transfer applications.
Abstract: There is a growing interest in the food industry and in preventive health care for the development and evaluation of natural antioxidants from medicinal plant materials. In the present work, extracts of three medicinal plants (Tilia argentea, Crataegi folium leaves and Polygonum bistorta roots) used in Turkish phytotheraphy were screened for their phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties. Crude extracts were obtained from different parts of plants, by solidliquid extraction with pure water, 70% acetone and 70% methanol aqueous solvents. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by ABTS.+ radical cation scavenging activity. The Folin Ciocalteu procedure was used to assess the total phenolic concentrations of the extracts as gallic acid equivalents. A modified liquid chromatography-electro spray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) was used to obtain chromatographic profiles of the phenolic compounds in the medicinal plants. The predominant phenolic compounds detected in different extracts of the plants were catechin, protocatechuic and chlorogenic acids. The highest phenolic contents were obtained by using 70% acetone as aqueous solvent, whereas the lowest phenolic contents were obtained by water extraction due to Folin Ciocalteu results. The results indicate that acetone extracts of Tilia argentea had the highest antioxidant capacity as free ABTS radical scavengers. The lowest phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities were obtained from Polygonum bistorta root extracts.
Abstract: In this paper, a field oriented control (FOC) induction motor drive is presented. In order to eliminate the speed sensor, an adaptation algorithm for tuning the rotor speed is proposed. Based on the Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) scheme, the rotor speed is tuned to obtain an exact FOC induction motor drive. The reference and adjustable models, developed in stationary stator reference frame, are used in the MRAS scheme to estimate induction rotor speed from measured terminal voltages and currents. The Integral Proportional (IP) gains speed controller are tuned by a modern approach that is the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in order to optimize the parameters of the IP controller. The use of PSO as an optimization algorithm makes the drive robust, with faster dynamic response, higher accuracy and insensitive to load variation. The proposed algorithm has been tested by numerical simulation, showing the capability of driving load.
Abstract: The tracing methods determine the contribution the
power system sources have in their supplying. These methods can be
used to assess the transmission prices, but also to recover the
transmission fixed cost. In this paper is presented the influence of the
modification of commons structure has on the specific price of transfer
and on active power losses. The authors propose a power losses
allocation method, based on Kirschen-s method. The system operator
must make use of a few basic principles about allocation. The only
necessary information is the power flows on system branches and the
modifications applied to power system buses. In order to illustrate this
method, the 25-bus test system is used, elaborated within the Electrical
Power Engineering Department, from Timisoara, Romania.
Abstract: In the various working field, vibration may cause injurious to human body. Especially, in case of the vibration which is constantly and repeatedly transferred to the human. That gives serious physical problem, so called, Reynaud phenomenon. In this paper, we propose a vibration transmissibility reduction module with flexure mechanism for personal tools. At first, we select a target personal tool, grass cutter, and measure the level of vibration transmissibility on the hand. And then, we develop the concept design of the module that has stiffness for reduction the vibration transmissibility more than 20%, where the vibration transmissibility is measured with an accelerometer. In addition, the vibration reduction can be enhanced when the interior gap between inner and outer body is filled with silicone gel. This will be verified by the further experiment.
Abstract: This manuscript presents a method for the numerical solution of the Cauchy type singular integral equations of the first kind, over a finite segment which is bounded at the end points of the finite segment. The Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind with the corresponding weight function have been used to approximate the density function. The force function is approximated by using the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. It is shown that the numerical solution of characteristic singular integral equation is identical with the exact solution, when the force function is a cubic function. Moreover, it also shown that this numerical method gives exact solution for other singular integral equations with degenerate kernels.
Abstract: This study aims to identify processes, current
situations, and issues of recycling systems for four home appliances,
namely, air conditioners, television receivers, refrigerators, and
washing machines, among e-wastes in China and Japan for
understanding and comparison of their characteristics. In accordance
with results of a literature search, review of information disclosed
online, and questionnaire survey conducted, conclusions of the study
boil down to:
(1)The results show that in Japan most of the home appliances
mentioned above have been collected through home appliance
recycling tickets, resulting in an issue of “requiring some effort" in
treatment and recycling stages, and most plants have contracted out
their e-waste recycling.
(2)It is found out that advantages of the recycling system in Japan
include easiness to monitor concrete data and thorough
environmental friendliness ensured while its disadvantages include
illegal dumping and export. It becomes apparent that advantages of
the recycling system in China include a high reuse rate, low
treatment cost, and fewer illegal dumping while its disadvantages
include less safe reused products, environmental pollution caused by
e-waste treatment, illegal import, and difficulty in obtaining data.
Abstract: This study discusses the stumbling blocks stifling the
adoption of GPS technology in the public sector of Pakistan. This
study has been carried out in order to describe the value of GPS
technology and its adoption at various public sector organisations in
Pakistan. Sample size for the research conducted was 200; personnel
working in public sector having age above 29 years were surveyed.
Data collected for this research has been quantitatively analysed with
the help of SPSS. Regression analysis, correlation and cross
tabulation were the techniques used to determine the strength of
relationship between key variables. Findings of this research indicate
that main hurdles in GPS adoption in the public sector of Pakistan are
lack of awareness about GPS among masses in general and the
stakeholders in particular, lack of initiative on part of government in
promoting new technologies, unavailability of GPS infrastructure in
Pakistan and prohibitions on map availability because of security
reasons.
Abstract: Architecture education was based on apprenticeship
models and its nature has not changed much during long period but
the Source of changes was its evaluation process and system. It is
undeniable that art and architecture education is completely based on
transmitting knowledge from instructor to students. In contrast to
other majors this transmitting is by iteration and practice and studio
masters try to control the design process and improving skills in the
form of supervision and criticizing. Also the evaluation will end by
giving marks to students- achievements. Therefore the importance of
the evaluation and assessment role is obvious and it is not irrelevant
to say that if we want to know about the architecture education
system, we must first study its assessment procedures. The evolution
of these changes in western countries has literate and documented
well. However it seems that this procedure has unregarded in
Malaysia and there is a severe lack of research and documentation in
this area. Malaysia as an under developing and multicultural country
which is involved different races and cultures is a proper origin for
scrutinizing and understanding the evaluation systems and
acceptability amount of current implemented models to keep the
evaluation and assessment procedure abreast with needs of different
generations, cultures and even genders. This paper attempts to
answer the questions of how evaluation and assessments are
performed and how students perceive this evaluation system in the
context Malaysia. The main advantage of this work is that it
contributes in international debate on evaluation model.
Abstract: A renewable energy system discussed in this paper is
a stand-alone wind-hydrogen system for a remote island in Australia.
The analysis of an existing wind-diesel power system was performed.
Simulation technique was used to model the power system currently
employed on the island, and simulated different configurations of
additional hydrogen energy system. This study aims to determine the
suitable hydrogen integrated configuration to setting up the prototype
system for the island, which helps to reduce the diesel consumption
on the island. A set of configurations for the hydrogen system and
associated parameters that consists of wind turbines, electrolysers,
hydrogen internal combustion engines, and storage tanks has been
purposed. The simulation analyses various configurations that
perfectly balances the system to meet the demand on the island.
Abstract: This paper aims to fabricated high quality anodic
aluminum oxide (AAO) film by anodization method. AAO pore size,
pore density, and film thickness can be controlled in 10~500 nm,
108~1011 pore．cm-2, and 1~100 μm. AAO volume and surface area can
be computed based on structural parameters such as thickness, pore
size, pore density, and sample size. Base on the thetorical calculation,
AAO has 100 μm thickness with 15 nm, 60 nm, and 500 nm pore
diameters AAO surface areas are 1225.2 cm2, 3204.4 cm2, and 549.7
cm2, respectively. The large unit surface area which is useful for
adsorption application. When AAO adsorbed pH indictor of
bromphenol blue presented a sensitive pH detection of solution
change. This testing method can further be used for the precise
measurement of biotechnology, convenience measurement of
industrial engineering.
Abstract: The implementation of single-electron tunneling
(SET) simulators based on the master-equation (ME) formalism
requires the efficient and accurate identification of an exhaustive list
of active states and related tunnel events. Dynamic simulations also
require the control of the emerging states and guarantee the safe
elimination of decaying states. This paper describes algorithms for
use in the stationary and dynamic control of the lists of active states
and events. The paper presents results obtained using these
algorithms with different SET structures.
Abstract: Increased physical fitness participation has been
paralleled by increasedoveruse injuries such as insertional Achilles
tendinosis (AT). Treatment has provided inconsistentresults. The use
of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ECSWT) offers a new
treatment consideration.The purpose of this study was to assess the
effects of ECSWTon pain, function, range of motion (ROM), joint
mobility and strength in patients with AT. Thirty subjects were
treated with ECSWT and measures were takenbefore and three
months after treatment. There was significant differences in visual
analog scale (VAS) scores for pain at rest (p=0.002); after activity
(p= 0.0001); overall improvement(p=0.0001); Lower Extremity
Functional Scale (LEFS) scores (p=0.002); dorsiflexion range of
motion (ROM) (p=0.0001); plantarflexion strength (p=0.025);
talocrural joint anterior glide (p=0.046); and subtalar joint medial and
lateral glide (p=0.025).ECSWT offers a new intervention that may
limit the progression of the disorder and the long term healthcare
costs associated with AT.
Abstract: Air infiltration in mass scale industrial applications of
bio char production is inevitable. The presence of oxygen during the
carbonization process is detrimental to the production of biochar yield
and properties. The experiment was carried out on several wood
species in a fixed-bed pyrolyser under various fractions of oxygen
ranging from 0% to 11% by varying nitrogen and oxygen composition
in the pyrolysing gas mixtures at desired compositions. The bed
temperature and holding time were also varied. Process optimization
was carried out by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by
employing Central Composite Design (CCD) using Design Expert 6.0
Software. The effect of oxygen ratio and holding time on biochar yield
within the range studied were statistically significant. From the
analysis result, optimum condition of 15.2% biochar yield of
mangrove wood was predicted at pyrolysis temperature of 403 oC,
oxygen percentage of 2.3% and holding time of two hours. This
prediction agreed well with the experiment finding of 15.1% biochar
yield.