Abstract: The wisest economic decision of United States in the
20th century was establishing the favorable international monetary
system, and capturing the leadership position in it. This decision gave
economic hegemony to the US for the next more than 7 decades. The
continuation of this hegemony till the next decade seems difficult as
the US economy is under continuous streams of recessions since
2007. On the other hand, Chinese economy is progressing with a
very fast speed and is estimated to pass the US economy till 2025, in
various aspects. Will the US be able to continue its leadership in the
IMS? Will China replace US in the international monetary system?
The answers to these questions have been explored by comparing the
economic competitiveness of US and China, with respect to each
other. The paper concludes that the change in global economic
environment will compel US to share the leadership of international
monetary system with China. This sharing will solve most problems
of the current IMS, but will also birth some new problems.
Abstract: Among all mechanical joining processes, welding has
been employed for its advantage in design flexibility, cost saving,
reduced overall weight and enhanced structural performance.
However, for structures made of relatively thin components, welding
can introduce significant buckling distortion which causes loss of
dimensional control, structural integrity and increased fabrication
costs. Different parameters can affect buckling behavior of welded
thin structures such as, heat input, welding sequence, dimension of
structure. In this work, a 3-D thermo elastic-viscoplastic finite
element analysis technique is applied to evaluate the effect of shell
dimensions on buckling behavior and entropy generation of welded
thin shells. Also, in the present work, the approximated longitudinal
transient stresses which produced in each time step, is applied to the
3D-eigenvalue analysis to ratify predicted buckling time and
corresponding eigenmode. Besides, the possibility of buckling
prediction by entropy generation at each time is investigated and it is
found that one can predict time of buckling with drawing entropy
generation versus out of plane deformation. The results of finite
element analysis show that the length, span and thickness of welded
thin shells affect the number of local buckling, mode shape of global
buckling and post-buckling behavior of welded thin shells.
Abstract: If there exists a nonempty, proper subset S of the set of all (n+1)(n+2)/2 inertias such that S Ôèå i(A) is sufficient for any n×n zero-nonzero pattern A to be inertially arbitrary, then S is called a critical set of inertias for zero-nonzero patterns of order n. If no proper subset of S is a critical set, then S is called a minimal critical set of inertias. In [Kim, Olesky and Driessche, Critical sets of inertias for matrix patterns, Linear and Multilinear Algebra, 57 (3) (2009) 293-306], identifying all minimal critical sets of inertias for n×n zero-nonzero patterns with n ≥ 3 and the minimum cardinality of such a set are posed as two open questions by Kim, Olesky and Driessche. In this note, the minimum cardinality of all critical sets of inertias for 4 × 4 irreducible zero-nonzero patterns is identified.
Abstract: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) has
been reported to develop after a hymenoptera sting, but its
pathogenesis is not known in detail. Myelin basic protein (MBP)-
specific T cells have been detected in the blood of patients with
ADEM, and a proportion of these patients develop multiple sclerosis
(MS). In an attempt to understand the mechanisms underlying
ADEM, molecular mimicry between hymenoptera venom peptides
and the human immunodominant MBP peptide was scrutinized,
based on the sequence and structural similarities, whether it was the
root of the disease. The results suggest that the three wasp venom
peptides have low sequence homology with the human
immunodominant MBP residues 85-99. Structural similarity analysis
among the three venom peptides and the MS-related HLA-DR2b
(DRA, DRB1*1501)-associated immunodominant MHC
binding/TCR contact residues 88-93, VVHFFK showed that
hyaluronidase residues 7-12, phospholipase A1 residues 98-103, and
antigen 5 residues 109-114 showed a high degree of similarity
83.3%, 100%, and 83.3% respectively. In conclusion, some wasp
venom peptides, particularly phospholipase A1, may potentially act
as the molecular motifs of the human 3HLA-DR2b-associated
immunodominant MBP88-93, and possibly present a mechanism for
induction of wasp sting-associated ADEM.
Abstract: This research work proposes a model of network security systems aiming to prevent production system in a data center from being attacked by intrusions. Conceptually, we introduce a decoy system as a part of the security system for luring intrusions, and apply network intrusion detection (NIDS), coupled with the decoy system to perform intrusion prevention. When NIDS detects an activity of intrusions, it will signal a redirection module to redirect all malicious traffics to attack the decoy system instead, and hence the production system is protected and safe. However, in a normal situation, traffic will be simply forwarded to the production system as usual. Furthermore, we assess the performance of the model with various bandwidths, packet sizes and inter-attack intervals (attacking frequencies).
Abstract: Today, the preferences and participation of the TD groups such as the elderly and disabled is still lacking in decision-making of transportation planning, and their reactions to certain type of policies are not well known. Thus, a clear methodology is needed. This study aimed to develop a method to extract the preferences of the disabled to be used in the policy-making stage that can also guide to future estimations. The method utilizes the combination of cluster analysis and data filtering using the data of the Arao city (Japan). The method is a process that follows: defining the TD group by the cluster analysis tool, their travel preferences in tabular form from the household surveys by policy variableimpact pairs, zones, and by trip purposes, and the final outcome is the preference probabilities of the disabled. The preferences vary by trip purpose; for the work trips, accessibility and transit system quality policies with the accompanying impacts of modal shifts towards public mode use as well as the decreasing travel costs, and the trip rate increase; for the social trips, the same accessibility and transit system policies leading to the same mode shift impact, together with the travel quality policy area leading to trip rate increase. These results explain the policies to focus and can be used in scenario generation in models, or any other planning purpose as decision support tool.
Abstract: A considerable progress has been achieved in transient
stability analysis (TSA) with various FACTS controllers. But, all
these controllers are associated with single transmission line. This
paper is intended to discuss a new approach i.e. a multi-line FACTS
controller which is interline power flow controller (IPFC) for TSA of
a multi-machine power system network. A mathematical model of
IPFC, termed as power injection model (PIM) presented and this
model is incorporated in Newton-Raphson (NR) power flow
algorithm. Then, the reduced admittance matrix of a multi-machine
power system network for a three phase fault without and with IPFC
is obtained which is required to draw the machine swing curves. A
general approach based on L-index has also been discussed to find
the best location of IPFC to reduce the proximity to instability of a
power system. Numerical results are carried out on two test systems
namely, 6-bus and 11-bus systems. A program in MATLAB has
been written to plot the variation of generator rotor angle and speed
difference curves without and with IPFC for TSA and also a simple
approach has been presented to evaluate critical clearing time for test
systems. The results obtained without and with IPFC are compared
and discussed.
Abstract: In this paper, we present an algorithm for computing a
Schur factorization of a real nonsymmetric matrix with ordered diagonal
blocks such that upper left blocks contains the largest magnitude
eigenvalues. Especially in case of multiple eigenvalues, when matrix
is non diagonalizable, we construct an invariant subspaces with few
additional tricks which are heuristic and numerical results shows the
stability and accuracy of the algorithm.
Abstract: This paper presents the theoretical background and
the real implementation of an automated computer system to
introduce machine vision in flower, fruit and vegetable processing
for recollection, cutting, packaging, classification, or fumigation
tasks. The considerations and implementation issues presented in this
work can be applied to a wide range of varieties of flowers, fruits and
vegetables, although some of them are especially relevant due to the
great amount of units that are manipulated and processed each year
over the world. The computer vision algorithms developed in this
work are shown in detail, and can be easily extended to other
applications. A special attention is given to the electromagnetic
compatibility in order to avoid noisy images. Furthermore, real
experimentation has been carried out in order to validate the
developed application. In particular, the tests show that the method
has good robustness and high success percentage in the object
characterization.
Abstract: This paper proposes an auto-classification algorithm
of Web pages using Data mining techniques. We consider the
problem of discovering association rules between terms in a set of
Web pages belonging to a category in a search engine database, and
present an auto-classification algorithm for solving this problem that
are fundamentally based on Apriori algorithm. The proposed
technique has two phases. The first phase is a training phase where
human experts determines the categories of different Web pages, and
the supervised Data mining algorithm will combine these categories
with appropriate weighted index terms according to the highest
supported rules among the most frequent words. The second phase is
the categorization phase where a web crawler will crawl through the
World Wide Web to build a database categorized according to the
result of the data mining approach. This database contains URLs and
their categories.
Abstract: The B'enard-Marangoni thermal instability problem for
a viscoelastic Jeffreys- fluid layer with internal heat generation is
investigated. The fluid layer is bounded above by a realistic free
deformable surface and by a plane surface below. Our analysis
shows that while the internal heat generation and the relaxation time
both destabilize the fluid layer, its stability may be enhanced by an
increased retardation time.
Abstract: Presented herein is an assessment of current nonlinear
static procedures (NSPs) for seismic evaluation of bucklingrestrained
braced frames (BRBFs) which have become a favorable
lateral-force resisting system for earthquake resistant buildings. The
bias and accuracy of modal, improved modal pushover analysis
(MPA, IMPA) and mass proportional pushover (MPP) procedures
are comparatively investigated when they are applied to BRBF
buildings subjected to two sets of strong ground motions. The
assessment is based on a comparison of seismic displacement
demands such as target roof displacements, peak floor/roof
displacements and inter-story drifts. The NSP estimates are compared
to 'exact' results from nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA).
The response statistics presented show that the MPP
procedure tends to significantly overestimate seismic demands of
lower stories of tall buildings considered in this study while MPA
and IMPA procedures provide reasonably accurate results in
estimating maximum inter-story drift over all stories of studied BRBF
systems.
Abstract: In order to meet the limits imposed on automotive
emissions, engine control systems are required to constrain air/fuel
ratio (AFR) in a narrow band around the stoichiometric value, due to
the strong decay of catalyst efficiency in case of rich or lean mixture.
This paper presents a model of a sample spark ignition engine and
demonstrates Simulink-s capabilities to model an internal combustion
engine from the throttle to the crankshaft output. We used welldefined
physical principles supplemented, where appropriate, with
empirical relationships that describe the system-s dynamic behavior
without introducing unnecessary complexity. We also presents a PID
tuning method that uses an adaptive fuzzy system to model the
relationship between the controller gains and the target output
response, with the response specification set by desired percent
overshoot and settling time. The adaptive fuzzy based input-output
model is then used to tune on-line the PID gains for different
response specifications. Experimental results demonstrate that better
performance can be achieved with adaptive fuzzy tuning relative to
similar alternative control strategies. The actual response
specifications with adaptive fuzzy matched the desired response
specifications.
Abstract: A topologically oriented neural network is very
efficient for real-time path planning for a mobile robot in changing
environments. When using a recurrent neural network for this
purpose and with the combination of the partial differential equation
of heat transfer and the distributed potential concept of the network,
the problem of obstacle avoidance of trajectory planning for a
moving robot can be efficiently solved. The related dimensional
network represents the state variables and the topology of the robot's
working space. In this paper two approaches to problem solution are
proposed. The first approach relies on the potential distribution of
attraction distributed around the moving target, acting as a unique
local extreme in the net, with the gradient of the state variables
directing the current flow toward the source of the potential heat. The
second approach considers two attractive and repulsive potential
sources to decrease the time of potential distribution. Computer
simulations have been carried out to interrogate the performance of
the proposed approaches.
Abstract: In order to accommodate various multimedia
services, next generation wireless networks are characterized
by very high transmission bit rates. Thus, in such systems and
networks, the received signal is not only limited by noise but -
especially with increasing symbols rate often more
significantly by the intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by
the time dispersive radio channels such as those are used in
this work. This paper deals with the study of the performance
of detector for high bit rate transmission on some worst case
models of frequency selective fading channels for outdoor
mobile radio environments. This paper deals with a number of
different wireless channels with different power profiles and
different number of resolvable paths. All the radio channels
generated in this paper are for outdoor vehicular environments
with Doppler spread of 100 Hz. A carrier frequency of 1800
MHz is used and all the channels used in this work are such
that they are useful for next generation wireless systems.
Schemes for mitigation of ISI with adaptive equalizers of
different types have been investigated and their performances
have been investigated in terms of BER measured as a function
of SNR.
Abstract: QoS Routing aims to find paths between senders and
receivers satisfying the QoS requirements of the application which
efficiently using the network resources and underlying routing
algorithm to be able to find low-cost paths that satisfy given QoS
constraints. The problem of finding least-cost routing is known to be
NP-hard or complete and some algorithms have been proposed to
find a near optimal solution. But these heuristics or algorithms either
impose relationships among the link metrics to reduce the complexity
of the problem which may limit the general applicability of the
heuristic, or are too costly in terms of execution time to be applicable
to large networks. In this paper, we concentrate an algorithm that
finds a near-optimal solution fast and we named this algorithm as
optimized Delay Constrained Routing (ODCR), which uses an
adaptive path weight function together with an additional constraint
imposed on the path cost, to restrict search space and hence ODCR
finds near optimal solution in much quicker time.
Abstract: This research aimed to study employees- perceptions and expectations toward their organization-s corporate social responsibility (CSR), to study the differences between employees- personal factors and level of perceptions and expectations toward CSR, and to study the relationship between employees- perceptions and expectations toward CSR. Purposive sampling and questionnaire were applied to collect information from 400 private company employees in Bangkok metropolitan area. The results revealed that employees had “high" level of perceptions and expectations toward CSR, of which the highest level were given on the area of “corporate governance and transparency". It was found that there was different level of expectations of employees with different period of employment, position and employment (by listed and non-listed companies). Employees of different age and period of employment also had different level of expectations. Employees- perceptions were correlated with their expectations toward CSR.
Abstract: Over the past few years, a number of efforts have
been exerted to build parallel processing systems that utilize the idle
power of LAN-s and PC-s available in many homes and corporations.
The main advantage of these approaches is that they provide cheap
parallel processing environments for those who cannot afford the
expenses of supercomputers and parallel processing hardware.
However, most of the solutions provided are not very flexible in the
use of available resources and very difficult to install and setup.
In this paper, a multi-level web-based parallel processing system
(MWPS) is designed (appendix). MWPS is based on the idea of
volunteer computing, very flexible, easy to setup and easy to use.
MWPS allows three types of subscribers: simple volunteers (single
computers), super volunteers (full networks) and end users. All of
these entities are coordinated transparently through a secure web site.
Volunteer nodes provide the required processing power needed by
the system end users. There is no limit on the number of volunteer
nodes, and accordingly the system can grow indefinitely. Both
volunteer and system users must register and subscribe. Once, they
subscribe, each entity is provided with the appropriate MWPS
components. These components are very easy to install.
Super volunteer nodes are provided with special components that
make it possible to delegate some of the load to their inner nodes.
These inner nodes may also delegate some of the load to some other
lower level inner nodes .... and so on. It is the responsibility of the
parent super nodes to coordinate the delegation process and deliver
the results back to the user.
MWPS uses a simple behavior-based scheduler that takes into
consideration the current load and previous behavior of processing
nodes. Nodes that fulfill their contracts within the expected time get a
high degree of trust. Nodes that fail to satisfy their contract get a
lower degree of trust.
MWPS is based on the .NET framework and provides the minimal
level of security expected in distributed processing environments.
Users and processing nodes are fully authenticated. Communications
and messages between nodes are very secure. The system has been
implemented using C#.
MWPS may be used by any group of people or companies to
establish a parallel processing or grid environment.
Abstract: Although a picture can be automatically a graphic
work, but especially in the field of graphics and images based on the
idea of advertising and graphic design will be prepared and
photographers to realize the design using his own knowledge and
skills to help does. It is evident that knowledge of photography,
photographer and designer of the facilities, fields of reaching a
higher level of quality offers. At the same time do not have a graphic
designer is also skilled photographer, but can execute your idea may
delegate to an expert photographer. Using technology and methods in
all fields of photography, graphic art may be applicable. But most of
its application in Iran, in works such as packaging, posters, Bill
Board, advertising, brochures and catalogs are. In this study, we
review how the images and techniques in the chart should be used in
Iranian graphic photo what impact has left. Using photography
techniques and procedures can be designed and helped advance the
goals graphic. Technique could not determine the idea. But what is
important to think about design and photography and his creativity
can flourish as a tool to be effective graphic designer in mind.
Computer software to help it's very promotes creativity techniques
shall graphic designer but also it is as a tool. Using images in various
fields, especially graphic arts and only because it is not being
documented, but applications are beautiful. As to his photographic
style from today is graphics. Graphic works try to affect impacts on
their audience. Hence the photo as an important factor is attention.
The other hand saw the man with the extent of forgiving and
understanding people's image, instead of using the word to your files,
allows large messages and concepts should be sent in the shortest
time. Posters, advertisements, brochures, catalog and packaging
products very diverse agricultural, industrial and food could not be
self-image. Today, the use of graphic images for a big score and the
photos to richen the role graphic design plays a major.
Abstract: This paper sets forth the possibility and importance about applying Data Mining in Web logs mining and shows some problems in the conventional searching engines. Then it offers an improved algorithm based on the original AprioriAll algorithm which has been used in Web logs mining widely. The new algorithm adds the property of the User ID during the every step of producing the candidate set and every step of scanning the database by which to decide whether an item in the candidate set should be put into the large set which will be used to produce next candidate set. At the meantime, in order to reduce the number of the database scanning, the new algorithm, by using the property of the Apriori algorithm, limits the size of the candidate set in time whenever it is produced. Test results show the improved algorithm has a more lower complexity of time and space, better restrain noise and fit the capacity of memory.