Abstract: Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) describes how mobile node can change its point of attachment from one access router to another. As a demand for wireless mobile devices increases, many enhancements for macro-mobility (inter-domain) protocols have been proposed, designed and implemented in Mobile IPv6. Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) is one of them that is designed to reduce the amount of signaling required and to improve handover speed for mobile connections. This is achieved by introducing a new network entity called Mobility Anchor Point (MAP). This report presents a comparative study of the Hierarchical Mobility IPv6 and Mobile IPv6 protocols and we have narrowed down the scope to micro-mobility (intra-domain). The architecture and operation of each protocol is studied and they are evaluated based on the Quality of Service (QoS) parameter; handover latency. The simulation was carried out by using the Network Simulator-2. The outcome from this simulation has been discussed. From the results, it shows that, HMIPv6 performs best under intra-domain mobility compared to MIPv6. The MIPv6 suffers large handover latency. As enhancement we proposed to HMIPv6 to locate the MAP to be in the middle of the domain with respect to all Access Routers. That gives approximately same distance between MAP and Mobile Node (MN) regardless of the new location of MN, and possible shorter distance. This will reduce the delay since the distance is shorter. As a future work performance analysis is to be carried for the proposed HMIPv6 and compared to HMIPv6.
Abstract: The Multi-Layered Perceptron (MLP) Neural
networks have been very successful in a number of signal processing
applications. In this work we have studied the possibilities and the
met difficulties in the application of the MLP neural networks for the
prediction of daily solar radiation data. We have used the Polack-Ribière algorithm for training the neural networks. A comparison, in
term of the statistical indicators, with a linear model most used in
literature, is also performed, and the obtained results show that the
neural networks are more efficient and gave the best results.
Abstract: In this paper, the authors take a look at advantages of
multiphase induction motors comparing them with three phase ones
and present the applications where six-phase induction motors are
used. They elaborate the mathematical model of six-phase induction
motor with two similar stator three phase winding, shifted by 30
degrees in space and three phase winding in rotor, in synchronous
reference frame for soft starting and scalar control. The authors
simulate and discuss results of speed and torque starting transients.
Abstract: This paper presents the study of parameters affecting
the environment protection in the printing industry. The paper has
also compared LCA studies performed within the printing industry in
order to identify common practices, limitations, areas for
improvement, and opportunities for standardization. This comparison
is focused on the data sources and methodologies used in the printing
pollutants register. The presented concepts, methodology and results
represent the contribution to the sustainable development
management. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the result of the
quantitative identification of hazardous substances emitted in printing
industry of Novi Sad.
Abstract: Complexity, as a theoretical background has made it
easier to understand and explain the features and dynamic behavior
of various complex systems. As the common theoretical background
has confirmed, borrowing the terminology for design from the
natural sciences has helped to control and understand urban
complexity. Phenomena like self-organization, evolution and
adaptation are appropriate to describe the formerly inaccessible
characteristics of the complex environment in unpredictable bottomup
systems. Increased computing capacity has been a key element in
capturing the chaotic nature of these systems.
A paradigm shift in urban planning and architectural design has
forced us to give up the illusion of total control in urban
environment, and consequently to seek for novel methods for
steering the development. New methods using dynamic modeling
have offered a real option for more thorough understanding of
complexity and urban processes. At best new approaches may renew
the design processes so that we get a better grip on the complex
world via more flexible processes, support urban environmental
diversity and respond to our needs beyond basic welfare by liberating
ourselves from the standardized minimalism.
A complex system and its features are as such beyond human
ethics. Self-organization or evolution is either good or bad. Their
mechanisms are by nature devoid of reason. They are common in
urban dynamics in both natural processes and gas. They are features
of a complex system, and they cannot be prevented. Yet their
dynamics can be studied and supported.
The paradigm of complexity and new design approaches has been
criticized for a lack of humanity and morality, but the ethical
implications of scientific or computational design processes have not
been much discussed. It is important to distinguish the (unexciting)
ethics of the theory and tools from the ethics of computer aided
processes based on ethical decisions. Urban planning and architecture
cannot be based on the survival of the fittest; however, the natural
dynamics of the system cannot be impeded on grounds of being
“non-human".
In this paper the ethical challenges of using the dynamic models
are contemplated in light of a few examples of new architecture and
dynamic urban models and literature. It is suggested that ethical
challenges in computational design processes could be reframed
under the concepts of responsibility and transparency.
Abstract: The segmentation of endovascular tools in fluoroscopy images can be accurately performed automatically or by minimum user intervention, using known modern techniques. It has been proven in literature, but no clinical implementation exists so far because the computational time requirements of such technology have not yet been met. A classical segmentation scheme is composed of edge enhancement filtering, line detection, and segmentation. A new method is presented that consists of a vector that propagates in the image to track an edge as it advances. The filtering is performed progressively in the projected path of the vector, whose orientation allows for oriented edge detection, and a minimal image area is globally filtered. Such an algorithm is rapidly computed and can be implemented in real-time applications. It was tested on medical fluoroscopy images from an endovascular cerebral intervention. Ex- periments showed that the 2D tracking was limited to guidewires without intersection crosspoints, while the 3D implementation was able to cope with such planar difficulties.
Abstract: The use of the oncologic index ISTER allows for a more effective planning of the radiotherapic facilities in the hospitals. Any change in the radiotherapy treatment, due to unexpected stops, may be adapted by recalculating the doses to the new treatment duration while keeping the optimal prognosis. The results obtained in a simulation model on millions of patients allow the definition of optimal success probability algorithms.
Abstract: Radio-frequency identification has entered as a beneficial means with conforming GS1 standards to provide the best solutions in the manufacturing area. It competes with other automated identification technologies e.g. barcodes and smart cards with regard to high speed scanning, reliability and accuracy as well. The purpose of this study is to improve production line-s performance by implementing RFID system in the manufacturing area on the basis of radio-frequency identification (RFID) system by 3D modeling in the program Cinema 4D R13 which provides obvious graphical scenes for users to portray their applications. Finally, with regard to improving system performance, it shows how RFID appears as a well-suited technology in a comparison of the barcode scanner to handle different kinds of raw materials in the production line base on logical process.
Abstract: Nowadays, the challenge in hydraulic turbine design is
the multi-objective design of turbine runner to reach higher
efficiency. The hydraulic performance of a turbine is strictly depends
on runner blades shape. The present paper focuses on the application
of the multi-objective optimization algorithm to the design of a small
Francis turbine runner. The optimization exercise focuses on the
efficiency improvement at the best efficiency operating point (BEP)
of the GAMM Francis turbine. A global optimization method based
on artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic algorithms (GA)
coupled by 3D Navier-Stokes flow solver has been used to improve
the performance of an initial geometry of a Francis runner. The
results show the good ability of optimization algorithm and the final
geometry has better efficiency with initial geometry. The goal was to
optimize the geometry of the blades of GAMM turbine runner which
leads to maximum total efficiency by changing the design parameters
of camber line in at least 5 sections of a blade. The efficiency of the
optimized geometry is improved from 90.7% to 92.5%. Finally,
design parameters and the way of selection have been considered and
discussed.
Abstract: Laboratory activities have produced benefits in
student learning. With current drives of new technology resources
and evolving era of education methods, renewal status of learning
and teaching in laboratory methods are in progress, for both learners
and the educators. To enhance learning outcomes in laboratory works
particularly in engineering practices and testing, learning via handson
by instruction may not sufficient. This paper describes and
compares techniques and implementation of traditional (expository)
with open-ended laboratory (problem-based) for two consecutive
cohorts studying environmental laboratory course in civil engineering
program. The transition of traditional to problem-based findings and
effect were investigated in terms of course assessment student
feedback survey, course outcome learning measurement and student
performance grades. It was proved that students have demonstrated
better performance in their grades and 12% increase in the course
outcome (CO) in problem-based open-ended laboratory style than
traditional method; although in perception, students has responded
less favorable in their feedback.
Abstract: The entropy of intuitionistic fuzzy sets is used to indicate the degree of fuzziness of an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set(IvIFS). In this paper, we deal with the entropies of IvIFS. Firstly, we propose a family of entropies on IvIFS with a parameter λ ∈ [0, 1], which generalize two entropy measures defined independently by Zhang and Wei, for IvIFS, and then we prove that the
new entropy is an increasing function with respect to the parameter λ. Furthermore, a new multiple attribute decision making (MADM) method using entropy-based attribute weights is proposed to deal with the decision making situations where the alternatives on attributes are expressed by IvIFS and the attribute weights information is unknown. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the applications of the proposed method.
Abstract: The speech signal conveys information about the
identity of the speaker. The area of speaker identification is
concerned with extracting the identity of the person speaking the
utterance. As speech interaction with computers becomes more
pervasive in activities such as the telephone, financial transactions
and information retrieval from speech databases, the utility of
automatically identifying a speaker is based solely on vocal
characteristic. This paper emphasizes on text dependent speaker
identification, which deals with detecting a particular speaker from a
known population. The system prompts the user to provide speech
utterance. System identifies the user by comparing the codebook of
speech utterance with those of the stored in the database and lists,
which contain the most likely speakers, could have given that speech
utterance. The speech signal is recorded for N speakers further the
features are extracted. Feature extraction is done by means of LPC
coefficients, calculating AMDF, and DFT. The neural network is
trained by applying these features as input parameters. The features
are stored in templates for further comparison. The features for the
speaker who has to be identified are extracted and compared with the
stored templates using Back Propogation Algorithm. Here, the
trained network corresponds to the output; the input is the extracted
features of the speaker to be identified. The network does the weight
adjustment and the best match is found to identify the speaker. The
number of epochs required to get the target decides the network
performance.
Abstract: Traffic Management and Information Systems, which rely on a system of sensors, aim to describe in real-time traffic in urban areas using a set of parameters and estimating them. Though the state of the art focuses on data analysis, little is done in the sense of prediction. In this paper, we describe a machine learning system for traffic flow management and control for a prediction of traffic flow problem. This new algorithm is obtained by combining Random Forests algorithm into Adaboost algorithm as a weak learner. We show that our algorithm performs relatively well on real data, and enables, according to the Traffic Flow Evaluation model, to estimate and predict whether there is congestion or not at a given time on road intersections.
Abstract: Primary barrier of membrane type LNG containment system consist of corrugated 304L stainless steel. This 304L stainless steel is austenitic stainless steel which shows different material behaviors owing to phase transformation during the plastic work. Even though corrugated primary barriers are subjected to significant amounts of pre-strain due to press working, quantitative mechanical behavior on the effect of pre-straining at cryogenic temperatures are not available. In this study, pre-strain level and pre-strain temperature dependent tensile tests are carried to investigate mechanical behaviors. Also, constitutive equations with material parameters are suggested for a verification study.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose an energy efficient cluster
based communication protocol for wireless sensor network. Our
protocol considers both the residual energy of sensor nodes and the
distance of each node from the BS when selecting cluster-head. This
protocol can successfully prolong the network-s lifetime by 1)
reducing the total energy dissipation on the network and 2) evenly
distributing energy consumption over all sensor nodes. In this
protocol, the nodes with more energy and less distance from the BS
are probable to be selected as cluster-head. Simulation results with
MATLAB show that proposed protocol could increase the lifetime of
network more than 94% for first node die (FND), and more than 6%
for the half of the nodes alive (HNA) factor as compared with
conventional protocols.
Abstract: Utilities use operating reserve for frequency regulation.To ensure that the operating frequency and system security are well maintained, the operating grid codes always specify that the reserve quantity and response rate should meet some prescribed levels. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate system's contingency reserve for an isolated power network. With the presented algorithm to estimate system's frequency response characteristic, an online allocation of contingency reserve would be feasible to meet the grid codes for contingency operation. Test results from the simulated conditions, and from the actual operating data verify the merits of the proposed methodology to system's frequency control, and security.
Abstract: The world's population continues to grow at a quarter of a million people per day, increasing the consumption of energy. This has made the world to face the problem of energy crisis now days. In response to the energy crisis, the principles of renewable energy gained popularity. There are much advancement made in developing the wind and solar energy farms across the world. These energy farms are not enough to meet the energy requirement of world. This has attracted investors to procure new sources of energy to be substituted. Among these sources, extraction of energy from the waves is considered as best option. The world oceans contain enough energy to meet the requirement of world. Significant advancements in design and technology are being made to make waves as a continuous source of energy. One major hurdle in launching wave energy devices in a developing country like Pakistan is the initial cost. A simple, reliable and cost effective wave energy converter (WEC) is required to meet the nation-s energy need. This paper will present a novel design proposed by team SAS for harnessing wave energy. This paper has three major sections. The first section will give a brief and concise view of ocean wave creation, propagation and the energy carried by them. The second section will explain the designing of SAS-2. A gear chain mechanism is used for transferring the energy from the buoy to a rotary generator. The third section will explain the manufacturing of scaled down model for SAS-2 .Many modifications are made in the trouble shooting stage. The design of SAS-2 is simple and very less maintenance is required. SAS-2 is producing electricity at Clifton. The initial cost of SAS-2 is very low. This has proved SAS- 2 as one of the cost effective and reliable source of harnessing wave energy for developing countries.
Abstract: Investment in a constructed facility represents a cost in
the short term that returns benefits only over the long term use of the
facility. Thus, the costs occur earlier than the benefits, and the owners
of facilities must obtain the capital resources to finance the costs of
construction. A project cannot proceed without an adequate
financing, and the cost of providing an adequate financing can be
quite large. For these reasons, the attention to the project finance is an
important aspect of project management. Finance is also a concern to
the other organizations involved in a project such as the general
contractor and material suppliers. Unless an owner immediately and
completely covers the costs incurred by each participant, these
organizations face financing problems of their own. At a more
general level, the project finance is the only one aspect of the general
problem of corporate finance. If numerous projects are considered
and financed together, then the net cash flow requirements constitute
the corporate financing problem for capital investment. Whether
project finance is performed at the project or at the corporate level
does not alter the basic financing problem .In this paper, we will first
consider facility financing from the owner's perspective, with due
consideration for its interaction with other organizations involved in a
project. Later, we discuss the problems of construction financing
which are crucial to the profitability and solvency of construction
contractors. The objective of this paper is to present the steps utilized
to determine the best combination of minimum project financing.
The proposed model considers financing; schedule and maximum net
area .The proposed model is called Project Financing and Schedule
Integration using Genetic Algorithms "PFSIGA". This model
intended to determine more steps (maximum net area) for any project
with a subproject. An illustrative example will demonstrate the
feature of this technique. The model verification and testing are put
into consideration.
Abstract: Today, the Internet based communication has widen
the opportunity of event monitoring system in the medical field.
There is always a need of analyzing and designing secure and reliable
mobile communication between the hospital and biomedical
engineers mobile units. This study has been carried out to find
possible solution using SIP-based event notification for alerting the
technical staff about the Biomedical Device (BMD) status and
Patients treatment session. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) can
be used to create a medical event notification system. SIP can work
on a variety of devices. Its adoption as the protocol of choice for third
generation wireless networks allows for a robust and scalable
environment. One of the advantages of SIP is that it supports personal
mobility through the separation of user addressing and device
addressing. The solution for Telemed alert notification system is
based on SIP - Specific Event Notification. The aim of this project is
to extend mobility service to the hospital technicians who are using
Telemedicine system.
Abstract: To improve the classification rate of the face
recognition, features combination and a novel non-linear kernel are
proposed. The feature vector concatenates three different radius of
local binary patterns and Gabor wavelet features. Gabor features are
the mean, standard deviation and the skew of each scaling and
orientation parameter. The aim of the new kernel is to incorporate
the power of the kernel methods with the optimal balance between
the features. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,
numerous methods are tested by using four datasets, which are
consisting of various emotions, orientations, configuration,
expressions and lighting conditions. Empirical results show the
superiority of the proposed technique when compared to other
methods.