Abstract: In this study, Friction Stir Processing (FSP) a recent grain refinement technique was employed to disperse micron-sized (2 *m) SiCp particles into aluminum alloy AA6063. The feasibility to fabricate bulk composites through FSP was analyzed and experiments were conducted at different traverse speeds and wider volumes of the specimens. Micro structural observation were carried out by employing optical microscopy test of the cross sections in both parallel and perpendicular to the tool traverse direction. Mechanical property including micro hardness was evaluated in detail at various regions on the specimen. The composites had an excellent bonding with aluminum alloy substrate and a significant increase of 30% in the micro hardness value of metal matrix composite (MMC) as to that of the base metal has observed. The observations clearly indicate that SiC particles were uniformly distributed within the aluminum matrix.
Abstract: The study of the generated defects on manufactured
parts shows the difficulty to maintain parts in their positions during
the machining process and to estimate them during the pre-process
plan. This work presents a contribution to the development of 3D
models for the optimization of the manufacturing tolerances. An
experimental study allows the measurement of the defects of part
positioning for the determination of ε and the choice of an optimal
setup of the part. An approach of 3D tolerance based on the small
displacements method permits the determination of the
manufacturing errors upstream. A developed tool, allows an
automatic generation of the tolerance intervals along the three axes.
Abstract: Biological evolution has generated a rich variety of
successful solutions; from nature, optimized strategies can be
inspired. One interesting example is the ant colonies, which are able
to exhibit a collective intelligence, still that their dynamic is simple.
The emergence of different patterns depends on the pheromone trail,
leaved by the foragers. It serves as positive feedback mechanism for
sharing information.
In this paper, we use the dynamic of TASEP as a model of
interaction at a low level of the collective environment in the ant-s
traffic flow. This work consists of modifying the movement rules of
particles “ants" belonging to the TASEP model, so that it adopts with
the natural movement of ants. Therefore, as to respect the constraints
of having no more than one particle per a given site, and in order to
avoid collision within a bidirectional circulation, we suggested two
strategies: decease strategy and waiting strategy. As a third work
stage, this is devoted to the study of these two proposed strategies-
stability. As a final work stage, we applied the first strategy to the
whole environment, in order to get to the emergence of traffic flow,
which is a way of learning.
Abstract: The objective of global optimization is to find the
globally best solution of a model. Nonlinear models are ubiquitous
in many applications and their solution often requires a global
search approach; i.e. for a function f from a set A ⊂ Rn to
the real numbers, an element x0 ∈ A is sought-after, such that
∀ x ∈ A : f(x0) ≤ f(x). Depending on the field of application,
the question whether a found solution x0 is not only a local minimum
but a global one is very important.
This article presents a probabilistic approach to determine the
probability of a solution being a global minimum. The approach is
independent of the used global search method and only requires a
limited, convex parameter domain A as well as a Lipschitz continuous
function f whose Lipschitz constant is not needed to be known.
Abstract: The article examines the methods of protection of
citizens' personal data on the Internet using biometric identity
authentication technology. It`s celebrated their potential danger due
to the threat of loss of base biometric templates. To eliminate the
threat of compromised biometric templates is proposed to use neural
networks large and extra-large sizes, which will on the one hand
securely (Highly reliable) to authenticate a person by his biometrics,
and on the other hand make biometrics a person is not available for
observation and understanding. This article also describes in detail
the transformation of personal biometric data access code. It`s formed
the requirements for biometrics converter code for his work with the
images of "Insider," "Stranger", all the "Strangers". It`s analyzed the
effect of the dimension of neural networks on the quality of
converters mystery of biometrics in access code.
Abstract: The software system goes through a number of stages
during its life and a software process model gives a standard format
for planning, organizing and running a project. The article presents a
new software development process model named as “Divide and
Conquer Process Model", based on the idea first it divides the things
to make them simple and then gathered them to get the whole work
done. The article begins with the backgrounds of different software
process models and problems in these models. This is followed by a
new divide and conquer process model, explanation of its different
stages and at the end edge over other models is shown.
Abstract: In historical science and social science, the influence
of natural disaster upon society is a matter of great interest. In
recent years, some archives are made through many hands for natural
disasters, however it is inefficiency and waste. So, we suppose a
computer system to create a historical natural disaster archive. As
the target of this analysis, we consider newspaper articles. The news
articles are considered to be typical examples that prescribe the
temporal relations of affairs for natural disaster. In order to do this
analysis, we identify the occurrences in newspaper articles by some
index entries, considering the affairs which are specific to natural
disasters, and show the temporal relation between natural disasters.
We designed and implemented the automatic system of “extraction
of the occurrences of natural disaster" and “temporal relation table
for natural disaster."
Abstract: The stab resistance performance of newly developed
fabric composites composed of hexagonal paper honeycombs, filled
with shear thickening fluid (STF), and woven Kevlar® fabric or
UHMPE was investigated in this study. The STF was prepared by
dispersing submicron SiO2 particles into polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Our results indicate that the STF-Kevlar composite possessed lower
penetration depth than that of neat Kevlar. In other words, the
STF-Kevlar composite can attain the same energy level in
stab-resistance test with fewer layers of Kevlar fabrics than that of the
neat Kevlar fabrics. It also indicates that STF can be used for the
fabrication of flexible body armors and can provide improved
protection against stab threats. We found that the stab resistance of the
STF-Kevlar composite increases with the increase of SiO2
concentration in STF. Moreover, the silica particles functionalized
with silane coupling agent can further improve the stab resistance.
Abstract: This paper discusses the development of a qualitative
simulator (abbreviated QRiOM) for predicting the behaviour of
organic chemical reactions. The simulation technique is based on the
qualitative process theory (QPT) ontology. The modelling constructs
of QPT embody notions of causality which can be used to explain the
behaviour of a chemical system. The major theme of this work is
that, in a qualitative simulation environment, students are able to
articulate his/her knowledge through the inspection of explanations
generated by software. The implementation languages are Java and
Prolog. The software produces explanation in various forms that
stresses on the causal theories in the chemical system which can be
effectively used to support learning.
Abstract: Chicken feathers were used as biosorbent for Pb
removal from aqueous solution. In this paper, the kinetics and
equilibrium studies at several pH, temperature, and metal
concentration values are reported. For tested conditions, the Pb
sorption capacity of this poultry waste ranged from 0.8 to 8.3 mg/g.
Optimal conditions for Pb removal by chicken feathers have been
identified. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations
were used to analyze the experimental data. In addition, the sorption
isotherms were fitted to classical Langmuir and Freundlich models.
Finally, thermodynamic parameters for the sorption process have
been determined. In summary, the results showed that chicken
feathers are an alternative and promising sorbent for the treatment of
effluents polluted by Pb ions.
Abstract: Breast carcinoma is the most common form of cancer
in women. Multicolour fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (m-FISH) is
a common method for staging breast carcinoma. The interpretation
of m-FISH images is complicated due to two effects: (i) Spectral
overlap in the emission spectra of fluorochrome marked DNA probes
and (ii) tissue autofluorescence. In this paper hyper-spectral images of
m-FISH samples are used and spectral unmixing is applied to produce
false colour images with higher contrast and better information
content than standard RGB images. The spectral unmixing is realised
by combinations of: Orthogonal Projection Analysis (OPA), Alterating
Least Squares (ALS), Simple-to-use Interactive Self-Modeling
Mixture Analysis (SIMPLISMA) and VARIMAX. These are applied
on the data to reduce tissue autofluorescence and resolve the spectral
overlap in the emission spectra. The results show that spectral unmixing
methods reduce the intensity caused by tissue autofluorescence by
up to 78% and enhance image contrast by algorithmically reducing
the overlap of the emission spectra.
Abstract: In this paper, we suggest new product-type estimators for the population mean of the variable of interest exploiting the first or the third quartile of the auxiliary variable. We obtain mean square error equations and the bias for the estimators. We study the properties of these estimators using simple random sampling (SRS) and ranked set sampling (RSS) methods. It is found that, SRS and RSS produce approximately unbiased estimators of the population mean. However, the RSS estimators are more efficient than those obtained using SRS based on the same number of measured units for all values of the correlation coefficient.
Abstract: Fast retrieval of data has been a need of user in any
database application. This paper introduces a buffer based query
optimization technique in which queries are assigned weights
according to their number of execution in a query bank. These
queries and their optimized executed plans are loaded into the buffer
at the start of the database application. For every query the system
searches for a match in the buffer and executes the plan without
creating new plans.
Abstract: Advances in computing applications in recent years
have prompted the demand for more flexible scheduling models for
QoS demand. Moreover, in practical applications, partly violated
temporal constraints can be tolerated if the violation meets certain
distribution. So we need extend the traditional Liu and Lanland model
to adapt to these circumstances. There are two extensions, which are
the (m, k)-firm model and Window-Constrained model. This paper
researches on weakly hard real-time constraints and their combination
to support QoS. The fact that a practical application can tolerate some
violations of temporal constraint under certain distribution is
employed to support adaptive QoS on the open real-time system. The
experiment results show these approaches are effective compared to
traditional scheduling algorithms.
Abstract: Gas hydrates form when a number of factors co-exist:
free water, hydrocarbon gas, cold temperatures and high pressures are typical of the near mud-line conditions in a deepwater drilling
operation. Subsequently, when drilling with water based muds, particularly on exploration wells, the risk of hydrate formation
associated with a gas influx is high. The consequences of gas hydrate
formation while drilling are severe, and as such, every effort should be made to ensure the risk of hydrate formation is either eliminated
or significantly reduced. Thermodynamic inhibitors are used to reduce the free water content of a drilling mud, and thus suppress the
hydrate formation temperature. Very little experimental work has
been performed by oil and gas research companies on the evaluation
of gas hydrate formation in a water-based drilling mud. The main
objective of this paper is to investigate the experimental gas hydrate
formation for a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide & nitrogen in a
water-based drilling mud with or without presence of different
concentrations of thermodynamic inhibitors including pure salt and a
combination of salt with methanol or ethylene glycol at different
concentrations in a static loop apparatus. The experiments were
performed using a static loop apparatus consisting of a 2.4307 cm
inside diameter and 800 cm long pipe. All experiments were conducted at 2200 psia. The temperature in the loop was decreased at
a rate of 3.33 °F/h from initial temperature of 80 °F.
Abstract: The improvement of quality of life is the main visible
integrated indicator of state well-being. More and more states pay
attention to define and to achieve social standards of quality of life as
social-economic strategy of development. These standards are
determinate by state features, complex of needs and interests of
individual, family and society.
It still remains in open question: “What is middle class" in
contemporary Kazakhstan. Appearance of new social standards of
quality of life is important indicator of its successful establishment.
The middle class as agent of social, politic and economic reforms
promotes to improve the quality of life of the country. But if consider
a low and a middle stratums of middle class, we can see that high
social expectations and real achievements are still significantly
different.
The article relies on the sociological data, collected during of
search of household-s standards of living in Almaty city and Almaty
region, and case-study of cottage city “Jana Kuat".
Abstract: Moulded parts contribute to more than 70% of
components in products. However, common defects particularly in
plastic injection moulding exist such as: warpage, shrinkage, sink
marks, and weld lines. In this paper Taguchi experimental design
methods are applied to reduce the warpage defect of thin plate
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and are demonstrated in two
levels; namely, orthogonal arrays of Taguchi and the Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA). Eight trials have been run in which the optimal
parameters that can minimize the warpage defect in factorial
experiment are obtained. The results obtained from ANOVA
approach analysis with respect to those derived from MINITAB
illustrate the most significant factors which may cause warpage in
injection moulding process. Moreover, ANOVA approach in
comparison with other approaches like S/N ratio is more accurate and
with the interaction of factors it is possible to achieve higher and the
better outcomes.
Abstract: Cluster analysis is the name given to a diverse collection of techniques that can be used to classify objects (e.g. individuals, quadrats, species etc). While Kohonen's Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) or Self-Organizing Map (SOM) networks have been successfully applied as a classification tool to various problem domains, including speech recognition, image data compression, image or character recognition, robot control and medical diagnosis, its potential as a robust substitute for clustering analysis remains relatively unresearched. SOM networks combine competitive learning with dimensionality reduction by smoothing the clusters with respect to an a priori grid and provide a powerful tool for data visualization. In this paper, SOM is used for creating a toroidal mapping of two-dimensional lattice to perform cluster analysis on results of a chemical analysis of wines produced in the same region in Italy but derived from three different cultivators, referred to as the “wine recognition data" located in the University of California-Irvine database. The results are encouraging and it is believed that SOM would make an appealing and powerful decision-support system tool for clustering tasks and for data visualization.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine employee assessments of the usefulness/value of different types of information available to those employees during the process of organizational assimilation. Participants in the study were 247 “new" employees at Bangkok Bank. Bangkok Bank considers employees whose length of stay with the bank has been less than 18 months as new employees. Questionnaires were administered to all of the Bank-s new employees to obtain the data for this study. Repeated measures analysis was used to analyze the data. The data were summed and coded by using Statistical Package for Social Science. Newcomers indicate that social information is the most useful information, followed by job (technical, referent, and appraisal information), political, normative, and organizational information. Essentially, social, job, and political information are evaluated by newcomers as highly useful, while normative and organizational information are rated as moderately useful.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine and
compare physical fitness values of students engaged in different team
sport branches Totally 60 female, and 60 male athletes, that 20
athletes in each branch which are volleyball, basketball and football
participated the study as a volunteer. The mean ages of female and
male athletes were 21.20 ±1.87 and 21.61 ± 1.61 respectively. Age,
height, body weight, body mass index, flexibility, body fat
percentage, 30m sprint, maximum oxygen consumption capacity
(MaxVO2) and drop jump values were measured. As a result of
measurements, significant differences were found in height, weight,
MaxVO2, shuttle run speed between different sports branches in
female athletes. In male athletes, height, body weight, flexibility,
30m split speed and drop jump values were found significantly
different between sports branches.
As a conclusion and as a literature, it can be said that structure of
body has to be appropriate with the engaged sports branch. Physical
fitness values that required the sports branches can be expressed
clearly by increasing the number of subjects.