Abstract: A method for solving linear and non-linear Goursat
problem is given by using the two-dimensional differential transform
method. The approximate solution of this problem is calculated in
the form of a series with easily computable terms and also the exact
solutions can be achieved by the known forms of the series solutions.
The method can easily be applied to many linear and non-linear
problems and is capable of reducing the size of computational work.
Several examples are given to demonstrate the reliability and the
performance of the presented method.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel method for data hiding based on neighborhood pixels information to calculate the number of bits that can be used for substitution and modified Least Significant Bits technique for data embedding. The modified solution is independent of the nature of the data to be hidden and gives correct results along with un-noticeable image degradation. The technique, to find the number of bits that can be used for data hiding, uses the green component of the image as it is less sensitive to human eye and thus it is totally impossible for human eye to predict whether the image is encrypted or not. The application further encrypts the data using a custom designed algorithm before embedding bits into image for further security. The overall process consists of three main modules namely embedding, encryption and extraction cm.
Abstract: In an open real-time system environment, the coexistence of different kinds of real-time and non real-time applications makes the system scheduling mechanism face new requirements and challenges. One two-level scheduling scheme of the open real-time systems is introduced, and points out that hard and soft real-time applications are scheduled non-distinctively as the same type real-time applications, the Quality of Service (QoS) cannot be guaranteed. It has two flaws: The first, it can not differentiate scheduling priorities of hard and soft real-time applications, that is to say, it neglects characteristic differences between hard real-time applications and soft ones, so it does not suit a more complex real-time environment. The second, the worst case execution time of soft real-time applications cannot be predicted exactly, so it is not worth while to cost much spending in order to assure all soft real-time applications not to miss their deadlines, and doing that may cause resource wasting. In order to solve this problem, a novel two-level real-time scheduling mechanism (including scheduling profile and scheduling algorithm) which adds the process of dealing with soft real-time applications is proposed. Finally, we verify real-time scheduling mechanism from two aspects of theory and experiment. The results indicate that our scheduling mechanism can achieve the following objectives. (1) It can reflect the difference of priority when scheduling hard and soft real-time applications. (2) It can ensure schedulability of hard real-time applications, that is, their rate of missing deadline is 0. (3) The overall rate of missing deadline of soft real-time applications can be less than 1. (4) The deadline of a non-real-time application is not set, whereas the scheduling algorithm that server 0 S uses can avoid the “starvation" of jobs and increase QOS. By doing that, our scheduling mechanism is more compatible with different types of applications and it will be applied more widely.
Abstract: Global competitiveness has recently become the
biggest concern of both manufacturing and service companies.
Electronic commerce, as a key technology enables the firms to reach
all the potential consumers from all over the world. In this study, we
have presented commonly used electronic payment systems, and then
we have shown the evaluation of these systems in respect to different
criteria. The payment systems which are included in this research are
the credit card, the virtual credit card, the electronic money, the
mobile payment, the credit transfer and the debit instruments. We
have realized a systematic comparison of these systems in respect to
three main criteria: Technical, economical and social. We have
conducted a fuzzy multi-criteria decision making procedure to deal
with the multi-attribute nature of the problem. The subjectiveness
and imprecision of the evaluation process are modeled using
triangular fuzzy numbers.
Abstract: Intelligence tests are series of tasks designed to measure the capacity to make abstractions, to learn, and to deal with novel situations. Testing of the visual abilities of the shape understanding system (SUS) is performed based on the visual intelligence tests. In this paper the progressive matrices tests are formulated as tasks given to SUS. These tests require good visual problem solving abilities of the human subject. SUS solves these tests by performing complex visual reasoning transforming the visual forms (tests) into the string forms. The experiment proved that the proposed method, which is part of the SUS visual understanding abilities, can solve a test that is very difficult for human subject.
Abstract: This paper presents an improved variable ordering method to obtain the minimum number of nodes in Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (ROBDD). The proposed method uses the graph topology to find the best variable ordering. Therefore the input Boolean function is converted to a unidirectional graph. Three levels of graph parameters are used to increase the probability of having a good variable ordering. The initial level uses the total number of nodes (NN) in all the paths, the total number of paths (NP) and the maximum number of nodes among all paths (MNNAP). The second and third levels use two extra parameters: The shortest path among two variables (SP) and the sum of shortest path from one variable to all the other variables (SSP). A permutation of the graph parameters is performed at each level for each variable order and the number of nodes is recorded. Experimental results are promising; the proposed method is found to be more effective in finding the variable ordering for the majority of benchmark circuits.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to suggest some optimal
waterfront scales around small rivers by reviewing domestic and
foreign survey reports about concept and relevant systems of the
ecological cities, analyzing the data collected from a survey about
scales and facilities of waterfront green zones around small rivers. The
questionnaire survey was conducted by sampling professional
designers, developers, the citizens living in the GunpoSanbon district
covered by no river system and the citizens living in such districts
covered by a river system. The question items were about need, uses,
scale and facilities of waterfront in common, and about satisfaction
with waterfront in case of citizen groups. In short, most of the subjects
in 5 groups preferred 10~20 wide waterfront green zone. And it is
judged that the results of this study about uses and facilities of the
waterfront green zone and its scales would provide for some basic data
useful to future waterfront green zone and urban development plans.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the performance of a triboelectric separator of plastic mixtures used for recycling. The separator consists of four cylindrical electrodes. The principle behind the separation technique is based on the difference in the Coulomb force acting on the plastic particles after triboelectric charging. The separation of mixtures of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polystyrene (PS) using this method was studied. The effects of the triboelectric charging time and applied voltage on the separation efficiency were investigated. The experimental results confirm that it is possible to obtain a high purity and recovery rate for the initial compositions considered in this study.
Abstract: There was a high rate of corrosion in Pyrolysis
Gasoline Hydrogenation (PGH) unit of Arak Petrochemical Company
(ARPC), and it caused some operational problem in this plant. A
commercial chemical had been used as anti-corrosion in the
depentanizer column overhead in order to control the corrosion rate.
Injection of commercial corrosion inhibitor caused some
operational problems such as fouling in some heat exchangers. It was
proposed to replace this commercial material with another more
effective trouble free, and well-known additive by R&D and
operation specialists.
At first, the system was simulated by commercial simulation
software in electrolytic system to specify low pH points inside the
plant. After a very comprehensive study of the situation and technical
investigations ,ammonia / monoethanol amine solution was proposed
as neutralizer or corrosion inhibitor to be injected in a suitable point
of the plant. For this purpose, the depentanizer column and its
accessories system was simulated again in case of this solution
injection.
According to the simulation results, injection of new anticorrosion
substance has no any side effect on C5 cut product and
operating conditions of the column. The corrosion rate will be
cotrolled, if the pH remains at the range of 6.5 to 8 . Aactual plant
test run was also carried out by injection of ammonia / monoethanol
amine solution at the rate of 0.6 Kg/hr and the results of iron content
of water samples and corrosion test coupons confirmed the
simulation results.
Now, ammonia / monoethanol amine solution is injected to a
suitable pint inside the plant and corrosion rate has decreased
significantly.
Abstract: This paper deals with a power-conscious ANDEXOR- Inverter type logic implementation for a complex class of Boolean functions, namely Achilles- heel functions. Different variants of the above function class have been considered viz. positive, negative and pure horn for analysis and simulation purposes. The proposed realization is compared with the decomposed implementation corresponding to an existing standard AND-EXOR logic minimizer; both result in Boolean networks with good testability attribute. It could be noted that an AND-OR-EXOR type logic network does not exist for the positive phase of this unique class of logic function. Experimental results report significant savings in all the power consumption components for designs based on standard cells pertaining to a 130nm UMC CMOS process The simulations have been extended to validate the savings across all three library corners (typical, best and worst case specifications).
Abstract: In this researcha particle swarm optimization (PSO)
algorithm is proposedfor no-wait flowshopsequence dependent
setuptime scheduling problem with weighted earliness-tardiness
penalties as the criterion (|,
|Σ
"
).The
smallestposition value (SPV) rule is applied to convert the continuous
value of position vector of particles in PSO to job permutations.A
timing algorithm is generated to find the optimal schedule and
calculate the objective function value of a given sequence in PSO
algorithm. Twodifferent neighborhood structures are applied to
improve the solution quality of PSO algorithm.The first one is based
on variable neighborhood search (VNS) and the second one is a
simple one with invariable structure. In order to compare the
performance of two neighborhood structures, random test problems
are generated and solved by both neighborhood
approaches.Computational results show that the VNS algorithmhas
better performance than the other one especially for the large sized
problems.
Abstract: In production of medicinal plants, seed germination is
very important problem. The treated seeds (control, hydro priming
and ZnSO4) of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) were evaluated at
germination and seedling growth for tolerance to salt (NaCl and
Na2SO4) conditions at the same water potentials of 0.0, -0.3, -0.6, -
0.9 and -1.2MPa. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl
solutions were 0.0, 6.5, 12.7, 18.4 and 23.5 dSm-1, respectively. The
objective of the study was to determine factors responsible for
germination and early seedling growth due to salt toxicity or osmotic
effect and to optimize the best priming treatment for these stress
conditions. Results revealed that germination delayed in both
solutions, having variable germination with different priming
treatments. Germination, shoot and weight, root and shoot length
were higher but mean germination time and abnormal germination
percentage were lower in NaCl than Na2SO4 at the same water
potential. The root / shoot weight and R/S length increased with
increase in osmotic potential in both NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions.
NaCl had less inhibitor effect on seedling growth than the
germination. It was concluded that inhibition of germination at the
same water potential of NaCl and Na2SO4 resulted from salt toxicity
rather than osmotic effect. Hydro priming increased germination and
seedling growth under salt stress. This protocol has practical
importance and could be recommended to farmers to achieve higher
germination and uniform emergence under field conditions.
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks include small nodes which
have sensing ability; calculation and connection extend themselves
everywhere soon. Such networks have source limitation on
connection, calculation and energy consumption. So, since the nodes
have limited energy in sensor networks, the optimized energy
consumption in these networks is of more importance and has created
many challenges. The previous works have shown that by organizing
the network nodes in a number of clusters, the energy consumption
could be reduced considerably. So the lifetime of the network would
be increased. In this paper, we used the Queen-bee algorithm to
create energy efficient clusters in wireless sensor networks. The
Queen-bee (QB) is similar to nature in that the queen-bee plays a
major role in reproduction process. The QB is simulated with J-sim
simulator. The results of the simulation showed that the clustering by
the QB algorithm decreases the energy consumption with regard to
the other existing algorithms and increases the lifetime of the
network.
Abstract: Emerging adulthood, the new period which is
especially prevalent in the developed or industrialized countries
during ages 18 to 29, is a new conceptualization proposed by Arnett.
Intimacy is a superordinate concept which includes intimate
interaction and intimate relationship. This study includes two
proceses which are scale development and conduction of gender
differences about markers of starting romantic intimacy among
Turkish emerging adults. In first process, Markers of Starting
Romantic Intimacy Scale, with 17 items and 5 factors, was developed
using by 220 participants. In the second step, the scale was
administered to 318 Turkish male and female emerging adults
between ages 22 and 25. Results show that there is no significant
difference between gender and total score of the scale. With respect
to gender, there are significant differences between gender and in
four subscales which are self perception, affective and cognitive
intimacy, self knowledge and romantic verbalizations. Moreover,
there is no significant relationship between gender and behavioral
intimacy subscale.
Abstract: This paper addresses modeling and optimization of process parameters in powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM). The process output characteristics include metal removal rate (MRR) and electrode wear rate (EWR). Grain size of Aluminum powder (S), concentration of the powder (C), discharge current (I) pulse on time (T) are chosen as control variables to study the process performance. The experimental results are used to develop the regression models based on second order polynomial equations for the different process characteristics. Then, a genetic algorithm (GA) has been employed to determine optimal process parameters for any desired output values of machining characteristics.
Abstract: The expression of LFA-1 diverges from the
physiological condition, thus active targeting carrier can provide the
benefits from difference into LFA-1 expression in various conditions.
Here, the selectivity of cIBR-conjugated nanoparticles (cIBR-NPs),
in terms of uptake, was investigated using PBMCs, Mixed PBMCMolt-
3 cells and Molt-3 cells. The expressions of LFA-1 on Molt-3
cells, from flow cytometry and Western blot, possessed the highest
level whereas PBMCs showed the lowest level. The kinetic uptake
profiles of cIBR-NPs were obtained by flow cytometry, which the
degree of cellular uptake presented a similar trend with the level of
LFA-1 indicating the influence of LFA-1 expression on the cellular
uptake of cIBR-NPs. The conformation of LFA-1 had a slight effect
on the cellular uptake of cIBR-NPs. Overall we demonstrated that
cIBR-NPs enhanced cellular uptake and improved the selectivity of
drug carriers to LFA-1 on the leukemia cells, which related with the
order of LFA-1 expression.
Abstract: The aim of this work is to study the elastic transfer
phenomenon which takes place in the elastic scattering of 16O on 12C
at energies near the Coulomb barrier. Where, the angular distribution
decrease steadily with increasing the scattering angle, then the cross
section will increase at backward angles due to the α-transfer process.
This reaction was also studied at different energies for tracking the
nuclear rainbow phenomenon. The experimental data of the angular
distribution at these energies were compared to the calculation
predictions. The optical potential codes such as SPIVAL and
Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWUCK5) were used in
analysis.
Abstract: In this study, Friction Stir Processing (FSP) a recent grain refinement technique was employed to disperse micron-sized (2 *m) SiCp particles into aluminum alloy AA6063. The feasibility to fabricate bulk composites through FSP was analyzed and experiments were conducted at different traverse speeds and wider volumes of the specimens. Micro structural observation were carried out by employing optical microscopy test of the cross sections in both parallel and perpendicular to the tool traverse direction. Mechanical property including micro hardness was evaluated in detail at various regions on the specimen. The composites had an excellent bonding with aluminum alloy substrate and a significant increase of 30% in the micro hardness value of metal matrix composite (MMC) as to that of the base metal has observed. The observations clearly indicate that SiC particles were uniformly distributed within the aluminum matrix.
Abstract: Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are sparse, wireless
networks where disconnections are common due to host mobility and
low node density. The Message Ferrying (MF) scheme is a mobilityassisted
paradigm to improve connectivity in DTN-like networks. A
ferry or message ferry is a special node in the network which has
a per-determined route in the deployed area and relays messages
between mobile hosts (MHs) which are intermittently connected.
Increased contact opportunities among mobile hosts and the ferry
improve the performance of the network, both in terms of message
delivery ratio and average end-end delay. However, due to the inherent
mobility of mobile hosts and pre-determined periodicity of the
message ferry, mobile hosts may often -miss- contact opportunities
with a ferry. In this paper, we propose the combination of stationary
ferry access points (FAPs) with MF routing to increase contact
opportunities between mobile hosts and the MF and consequently
improve the performance of the DTN. We also propose several
placement models for deploying FAPs on MF routes. We evaluate the
performance of the FAP placement models through comprehensive
simulation. Our findings show that FAPs do improve the performance
of MF-assisted DTNs and symmetric placement of FAPs outperforms
other placement strategies.
Abstract: Biological evolution has generated a rich variety of
successful solutions; from nature, optimized strategies can be
inspired. One interesting example is the ant colonies, which are able
to exhibit a collective intelligence, still that their dynamic is simple.
The emergence of different patterns depends on the pheromone trail,
leaved by the foragers. It serves as positive feedback mechanism for
sharing information.
In this paper, we use the dynamic of TASEP as a model of
interaction at a low level of the collective environment in the ant-s
traffic flow. This work consists of modifying the movement rules of
particles “ants" belonging to the TASEP model, so that it adopts with
the natural movement of ants. Therefore, as to respect the constraints
of having no more than one particle per a given site, and in order to
avoid collision within a bidirectional circulation, we suggested two
strategies: decease strategy and waiting strategy. As a third work
stage, this is devoted to the study of these two proposed strategies-
stability. As a final work stage, we applied the first strategy to the
whole environment, in order to get to the emergence of traffic flow,
which is a way of learning.