Abstract: This paper reports the development and application of a 2D1 depth-averaged model. The main goal of this contribution is to apply the depth averaged equations to a wind park model in which the treatment of the geometry, introduced on the mathematical model by the mass and momentum source terms. The depth-averaged model will be used in future to find the optimal position of wind turbines in the wind park. κ − ε and 2D LES turbulence models were consider in this article. 2D CFD2 simulations for one hill was done to check the depth-averaged model in practise.
Abstract: Hybrid electric vehicles can reduce pollution and
improve fuel economy. Power-split hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
provide two power paths between the internal combustion engine
(ICE) and energy storage system (ESS) through the gears of an
electrically variable transmission (EVT). EVT allows ICE to operate
independently from vehicle speed all the time. Therefore, the ICE can
operate in the efficient region of its characteristic brake specific fuel
consumption (BSFC) map. The two-mode powertrain can operate in
input-split or compound-split EVT modes and in four different fixed
gear configurations. Power-split architecture is advantageous because
it combines conventional series and parallel power paths. This
research focuses on input-split and compound-split modes in the
two-mode power-split powertrain. Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) for an
internal combustion engine (ICE) and PI control for electric machines
(EMs) are derived for the urban driving cycle simulation. These
control algorithms reduce vehicle fuel consumption and improve ICE
efficiency while maintaining the state of charge (SOC) of the energy
storage system in an efficient range.
Abstract: Presently a significant portion of the Earth's
population does not have access to healthy food. Either because they
cannot afford it or because they do not know which one are they. The
aim of the VII th Framework Chance project (Nr. 266331) supported
by the European Union has been to develop relatively cheap food
with favourable nutritional value and it should have acceptable
quality for consumers. As one task of the project we manufactured
bread products as a basic food. We examined the enrichment of bread
products with four kinds of bran, with a special milling product of
grain industry (aleurone-rich flour) and with a soy-based sprouted
additive. The applied concentration of the six mentioned additives
has been optimized and the physical properties of the bread products
were monitored. The weight/density of the enriched breads increased
a bit, however the volume and height decreased slightly compared to
the corresponding data of the control bread. The optimized
composition of the final product is favourably affected by these
additives having highly preferred composition from nutritional point
of view.
Abstract: A dip-coating process has been used to form an
asymmetric silica membrane with improved membrane performance
and reproducibility. First, we deposited repeatedly silica on top of a
commercial alumina membrane support to improve its structural
make up. The membrane is further processed under clean room
conditions to avoid dust impurity and subsequent drying in an oven
for high thermal, chemical and physical stability. The resulting
asymmetric membrane exhibits a gradual change in the membrane
layer thickness. Compared to the support, the dual-layer process
improves the gas flow rates. For the scientific applications for natural
gas purification, CO2, CH4 and H2 gas flow rates were. In addition,
the membrane selectively separated hydrogen.
Abstract: Distributed applications deployed on LEO satellites
and ground stations require substantial communication between
different members in a constellation to overcome the earth
coverage barriers imposed by GEOs. Applications running on LEO
constellations suffer the earth line-of-sight blockage effect. They
need adequate lab testing before launching to space. We propose
a scalable cloud-based network simulation framework to simulate
problems created by the earth line-of-sight blockage. The framework
utilized cloud IaaS virtual machines to simulate LEO satellites
and ground stations distributed software. A factorial ANOVA
statistical analysis is conducted to measure simulator overhead on
overall communication performance. The results showed a very low
simulator communication overhead. Consequently, the simulation
framework is proposed as a candidate for testing LEO constellations
with distributed software in the lab before space launch.
Abstract: Complex lifting entry was selected for precise landing
performance during the Mars Science Laboratory entry. This study
aims to develop the three-dimensional numerical method for precise
computation and the surface panel method for rapid engineering
prediction. Detailed flow field analysis for Mars exploration mission
was performed by carrying on a series of fully three-dimensional
Navier-Stokes computations. The static aerodynamic performance was
then discussed, including the surface pressure, lift and drag coefficient,
lift-to-drag ratio with the numerical and engineering method.
Computation results shown that the shock layer is thin because of
lower effective specific heat ratio, and that calculated results from both
methods agree well with each other, and is consistent with the
reference data. Aerodynamic performance analysis shows that CG
location determines trim characteristics and pitch stability, and certain
radially and axially shift of the CG location can alter the capsule lifting
entry performance, which is of vital significance for the aerodynamic
configuration design and inner instrument layout of the Mars entry
capsule.
Abstract: In dynamic system theory a mathematical model is
often used to describe their properties. In order to find a transfer
matrix of a dynamic system we need to calculate an inverse matrix.
The paper contains the fusion of the classical theory and the
procedures used in the theory of automated control for calculating the
inverse matrix. The final part of the paper models the given problem
by the Matlab.
Abstract: In this paper we propose a computer-aided solution
with Genetic Algorithms in order to reduce the drafting of reports:
FMEA analysis and Control Plan required in the manufacture of the
product launch and improved knowledge development teams for
future projects. The solution allows to the design team to introduce
data entry required to FMEA. The actual analysis is performed using
Genetic Algorithms to find optimum between RPN risk factor and
cost of production. A feature of Genetic Algorithms is that they are
used as a means of finding solutions for multi criteria optimization
problems. In our case, along with three specific FMEA risk factors is
considered and reduce production cost. Analysis tool will generate
final reports for all FMEA processes. The data obtained in FMEA
reports are automatically integrated with other entered parameters in
Control Plan. Implementation of the solution is in the form of an
application running in an intranet on two servers: one containing
analysis and plan generation engine and the other containing the
database where the initial parameters and results are stored. The
results can then be used as starting solutions in the synthesis of other
projects. The solution was applied to welding processes, laser cutting
and bending to manufacture chassis for buses. Advantages of the
solution are efficient elaboration of documents in the current project
by automatically generating reports FMEA and Control Plan using
multiple criteria optimization of production and build a solid
knowledge base for future projects. The solution which we propose is
a cheap alternative to other solutions on the market using Open
Source tools in implementation.
Abstract: For this study, a town based soil database created in
Gümüsçay District of Biga Town, Çanakkale, Turkey. Crop and
livestock production are major activities in the district. Nutrient
management is mainly based on commercial fertilizer application
ignoring the livestock manure. Within the boundaries of district, 122
soil sampling points determined over the satellite image. Soil samples
collected from the determined points with the help of handheld
Global Positioning System. Labeled samples were sent to a
commercial laboratory to determine 11 soil parameters including
salinity, pH, lime, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
iron, manganese, copper and zinc. Based on the test results soil maps
for mentioned parameters were developed using remote sensing, GIS,
and geostatistical analysis. In this study we developed a GIS database
that will be used for soil nutrient management. Methods were
explained and soil maps and their interpretations were summarized in
the study.
Abstract: Exploration and exploitation capabilities are both
important within Operations as means for improvement when
managed separately, and for establishing dynamic improvement
capabilities when combined in balance. However, it is unclear what
exploration and exploitation capabilities imply in improvement and
development work within an Operations context. So, in order to
better understand how to develop exploration and exploitation
capabilities within Operations, the main characteristics of these
constructs needs to be identified and further understood. Thus, the
objective of this research is to increase the understanding about
exploitation and exploration characteristics, to concretize what they
translates to within the context of improvement and development
work in an Operations unit, and to identify practical challenges. A
literature review and a case study are presented. In the literature
review, different interpretations of exploration and exploitation are
portrayed, key characteristics have been identified, and a deepened
understanding of exploration and exploitation characteristics is
described. The case in the study is an Operations unit, and the aim is
to explore to what extent and in what ways exploration and
exploitation activities are part of the improvement structures and
processes. The contribution includes an identification of key
characteristics of exploitation and exploration, as well as an
interpretation of the constructs. Further, some practical challenges are
identified. For instance, exploration activities tend to be given low
priority, both in daily work as in the manufacturing strategy. Also,
the overall understanding about the concepts of exploitation and
exploration (or any similar aspect of dynamic improvement
capabilities) is very low.
Abstract: The paper develops a Non-Linear Model Predictive
Control (NMPC) of water quality in Drinking Water Distribution
Systems (DWDS) based on the advanced non-linear quality dynamics
model including disinfections by-products (DBPs). A special attention
is paid to the analysis of an impact of the flow trajectories prescribed
by an upper control level of the recently developed two-time scale
architecture of an integrated quality and quantity control in DWDS.
The new quality controller is to operate within this architecture in the
fast time scale as the lower level quality controller. The controller
performance is validated by a comprehensive simulation study based
on an example case study DWDS.
Abstract: Knowledge of bone mechanical properties is important
for bone substitutes design and fabrication, and more efficient
prostheses development. The aim of this study is to characterize the
viscoelastic behavior of bone specimens, through stress relaxation
and fatigue tests performed to trabecular bone samples from bovine
femoral heads. Relaxation tests consisted on preloading the samples
at five different magnitudes and evaluate them for 1020 seconds,
adjusting the results to a KWW mathematical model. Fatigue tests
consisted of 700 load cycles and analyze their status at the end of the
tests. As a conclusion we have that between relaxation stress and
each preload there is linear relation and for samples with initial
Young´s modulus greater than 1.5 GPa showed no effects due fatigue
test loading cycles.
Abstract: In this paper, we are interested in the problem of
finding similar images in a large database. For this purpose we
propose a new algorithm based on a combination of the 2-D
histogram intersection in the HSV space and statistical moments. The
proposed histogram is based on a 3x3 window and not only on the
intensity of the pixel. This approach overcome the drawback of the
conventional 1-D histogram which is ignoring the spatial distribution
of pixels in the image, while the statistical moments are used to
escape the effects of the discretisation of the color space which is
intrinsic to the use of histograms. We compare the performance of
our new algorithm to various methods of the state of the art and we
show that it has several advantages. It is fast, consumes little memory
and requires no learning. To validate our results, we apply this
algorithm to search for similar images in different image databases.
Abstract: In the immunologic sense, clinical infection is a state
of failure of the immune system to combat the pathogenic weapon of
the bacteria invading the host. A motile gram negative vibroid
organism associated with marked mono and poly nuclear cell
responses was traced during the examination of a clinical material
from an infected common carp Cyprinus carpio. On primary plate
culture, growth was shown to be pure, dense population of an
Aeromonas-like colony morphotype. The pure isolate was found to
be; Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, non-halophilic, grew at 0C, and
37C, oxidase positive utilizes glucose through fermentative pathway,
resist 0/129 and novobiocin, produces alanine and lysine
decarboxylases but non-producing ornithine dehydrolases. Tests for
the in vitro determinants of pathogenicity has shown to be; Betahaemolytic
onto blood agar, gelatinase, casienase and amylase
producer. Three in vivo determinants of pathogenicity were tested as,
the lethal dose fifty, the pathogenesis and pathogenicity. It was
evident that 0.1 milliliter of the causal bacterial cell suspension of a
density 1 x 107 CFU/ml injected intramuscularly into an average of
100gms fish toke five days incubation period, then at the day six
morbidity and mortality were initiated. LD50 was recorded at the day
12 post-infection. Use of an LD50 doses to study the pathogenicity,
reveals mononuclear and polynuclear cell responses, on examining
the stained direct films of the clinical materials from the
experimentally infected fish. Re-isolation tests confirm that the reisolant
is same. The course of the infection in natural case was shown
manifestation of; skin ulceration, haemorrhage and descaling. On
evisceration, the internal organs were shown; congestion in the
intestines, spleen and, air sacs. The induced infection showed a
milder form of these manifestations. The grading of the virulence of
this organism was virulent causing chronic course of infections as
indicated from the pathogenesis and pathogenicity studies. Thus the
infectious bacteria were consistent with Aeromonas hydrophila, and
the infection was chronic.
Abstract: Biomass briquette gasification is regarded as a
promising route for efficient briquette use in energy generation, fuels
and other useful chemicals. However, previous research has been
focused on briquette gasification in fixed bed gasifiers such as
updraft and downdraft gasifiers. Fluidised bed gasifier has the
potential to be effectively sized to medium or large scale. This study
investigated the use of fuel briquettes produced from blends of rice
husks and corn cobs biomass, in a bubbling fluidised bed gasifier.
The study adopted a combination of numerical equations and Aspen
Plus simulation software, to predict the product gas (syngas)
composition base on briquette density and biomass composition
(blend ratio of rice husks to corn cobs). The Aspen Plus model was
based on an experimentally validated model from the literature. The
results based on a briquette size 32 mm diameter and relaxed density
range of 500 to 650kg/m3, indicated that fluidisation air required in
the gasifier increased with increase in briquette density, and the
fluidisation air showed to be the controlling factor compared with the
actual air required for gasification of the biomass briquettes. The
mass flowrate of CO2 in the predicted syngas composition increased
with an increase in air flow, in the gasifier, while CO decreased and
H2 was almost constant. The ratio of H2 to CO for various blends of
rice husks and corn cobs did not significantly change at the designed
process air, but a significant difference of 1.0 was observed between
10/90 and 90/10 % blend of rice husks and corn cobs.
Abstract: The research was conducted in order to determine the
organizational socialization levels of nurses working in hospitals in
the form of a descriptive study.
The research population was composed of nurses employed in
public and private sector hospitals in the province of Konya with 0-3
years of professional experience in the hospitals (N=1200); and the
sample was composed of 495 nurses that accepted to take part in the
study voluntarily. Statistical evaluation of data was conducted in
SPSS.16 software.
The results of the study revealed that the total score taken by
nurses at the organizational socialization scale was 262.95; and this
was close to the maximum score. Particularly the departmental
socialization sub-dimension proved to be higher in comparison to the
other two dimensions (organization socialization and task
socialization). Statistically meaningful differences were found in the
levels of organization socialization in relation to the status of
organizational orientation training, level of education and age group.
Abstract: It is the worldwide problem that the recycled PVB is
not recycled and it is wildly stored in landfills. However, PVB has
similar chemical properties such as PVC. Moreover, both of these
polymers are plasticized. Therefore, the study of thermal properties
of plasticized PVC and the recycled PVB obtained by recycling of
windshields is carried out. This work has done in order to find nondegradable
processing conditions applicable for both polymers.
Tested PVC contained 38% of plasticizer diisononyl phthalate
(DINP) and PVB was plasticized with 28% of triethylene glycol,
bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (3GO). The thermal and thermo-oxidative
decomposition of both vinyl polymers are compared by calorimetric
analysis and by tensile strength analysis.
Abstract: Steady three-dimensional and two free surface waves
generated by moving bodies are presented, the flow problem to be
simulated is rich in complexity and poses many modeling challenges
because of the existence of breaking waves around the ship hull, and
because of the interaction of the two-phase flow with the turbulent
boundary layer. The results of several simulations are reported. The
first study was performed for NACA0012 of hydrofoil with different
meshes, this section is analyzed at h/c= 1, 0345 for 2D. In the second
simulation a mathematically defined Wigley hull form is used to
investigate the application of a commercial CFD code in prediction of
the total resistance and its components from tangential and normal
forces on the hull wetted surface. The computed resistance and wave
profiles are used to estimate the coefficient of the total resistance for
Wigley hull advancing in calm water under steady conditions. The
commercial CFD software FLUENT version 12 is used for the
computations in the present study. The calculated grid is established
using the code computer GAMBIT 2.3.26. The shear stress k-ωSST
model is used for turbulence modeling and the volume of fluid
technique is employed to simulate the free-surface motion. The
second order upwind scheme is used for discretizing the convection
terms in the momentum transport equations, the Modified HRIC
scheme for VOF discretization. The results obtained compare well
with the experimental data.
Abstract: Image segmentation and color identification is an
important process used in various emerging fields like intelligent
robotics. A method is proposed for the manipulator to grasp and place
the color object into correct location. The existing methods such as
PSO, has problems like accelerating the convergence speed and
converging to a local minimum leading to sub optimal performance.
To improve the performance, we are using watershed algorithm and
for color identification, we are using EPSO. EPSO method is used to
reduce the probability of being stuck in the local minimum. The
proposed method offers the particles a more powerful global
exploration capability. EPSO methods can determine the particles
stuck in the local minimum and can also enhance learning speed as
the particle movement will be faster.
Abstract: In this study, the pedestrian simulation VISWALK
integration and application platform ant algorithms written program
made to construct a renovation engineering schedule planning mode.
The use of simulation analysis platform construction site when the user
running the simulation, after calculating the user walks in the case of
construction delays, the ant algorithm to find out the minimum delay
time schedule plan, and add volume and unit area deactivated loss of
business computing, and finally to the owners and users of two
different positions cut considerations pick out the best schedule
planning. To assess and validate its effectiveness, this study
constructed the model imported floor of a shopping mall floor
renovation engineering cases. Verify that the case can be found from
the mode of the proposed project schedule planning program can
effectively reduce the delay time and the user's walking mall loss of
business, the impact of the operation on the renovation engineering
facilities in the building to a minimum.