A Piscan Ulcerative Aeromonas Infection

In the immunologic sense, clinical infection is a state of failure of the immune system to combat the pathogenic weapon of the bacteria invading the host. A motile gram negative vibroid organism associated with marked mono and poly nuclear cell responses was traced during the examination of a clinical material from an infected common carp Cyprinus carpio. On primary plate culture, growth was shown to be pure, dense population of an Aeromonas-like colony morphotype. The pure isolate was found to be; Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, non-halophilic, grew at 0C, and 37C, oxidase positive utilizes glucose through fermentative pathway, resist 0/129 and novobiocin, produces alanine and lysine decarboxylases but non-producing ornithine dehydrolases. Tests for the in vitro determinants of pathogenicity has shown to be; Betahaemolytic onto blood agar, gelatinase, casienase and amylase producer. Three in vivo determinants of pathogenicity were tested as, the lethal dose fifty, the pathogenesis and pathogenicity. It was evident that 0.1 milliliter of the causal bacterial cell suspension of a density 1 x 107 CFU/ml injected intramuscularly into an average of 100gms fish toke five days incubation period, then at the day six morbidity and mortality were initiated. LD50 was recorded at the day 12 post-infection. Use of an LD50 doses to study the pathogenicity, reveals mononuclear and polynuclear cell responses, on examining the stained direct films of the clinical materials from the experimentally infected fish. Re-isolation tests confirm that the reisolant is same. The course of the infection in natural case was shown manifestation of; skin ulceration, haemorrhage and descaling. On evisceration, the internal organs were shown; congestion in the intestines, spleen and, air sacs. The induced infection showed a milder form of these manifestations. The grading of the virulence of this organism was virulent causing chronic course of infections as indicated from the pathogenesis and pathogenicity studies. Thus the infectious bacteria were consistent with Aeromonas hydrophila, and the infection was chronic.

Authors:

• Ibrahim M. S. Shnawa
• Bashar A. H. E. Alsadi
• Kalida K. Alniaem

Keywords:

• Piscan
• inflammatory respnonse
• pure culture
• pathogen
• chronic
• infection.

References:

[1] Brooks GF, Caroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA Mietzner TA, Jawetz,
Melnik, and A Delbergs, Medical Microbiology, 26thed, McGraw-Hill,
Langes 2013, W.-K.
[2] Levinson W, Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 11th
ed. McGraw-Hill, Lange, 2010, New York.
[3] Ferichs GN, The isolation and Identification of fish bacterial Pathogens.
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland, 1984 UK.
[4] Roberts RJ, Fish Pathology, 4thed, Wiley Scientific, 2012, UK.
[5] Miyazaki T, Kageyama T, Miura M, Yoshida T, Histopathology of
Viremia-Associated ana-aki-byo in combination with Aeromonas
hydrophila in color carp Cyprinus carpio in Japan, Dis. Aquatic Org.
2001, 44:109-120.
[6] Abowei JFN, Briyai JF, A review of some bacterial diseases in African
culture fisheries, Asia.J.Med.Sci.2011, 3(5):206-217.
[7] Carraschi SP, Cruz C, Neto JGM, Mores FR, Junior ODR, Neto AN,
Botoluzzi NL. Evaluation of experimental infection with Aeromonas
hydrophila in pacu (Piaractumes opotamicus Holemberg 1887), Int J
Fisheries and Aqua. 2012, 4(5):81-84.
[8] Cipriano RC, Aeromonas hydrophila and motile Aeromonas septicemia
of fish, Fish and Wildlife Science Division of Fishery Research, 2001,
Washington DC2040.
[9] Li C, Beck B, Su B, Terhune J, Peatman E, Early mucosal responses in
blue catfish skin to Aeromonas hydropila infection, Fish and Shellfish
Immunol, 2013,54;920-928
[10] Meyers T R, Fish Pathology Section Laboratory Manual,Alaska
department of fish and commercial fisheries division,Special publication
No.12 2ndedP1 95,2000..
[11] Das A, Vinayasree V, Santhoch CR, Hari SS, Aeromonas sobria,
Aeromonas hydrophila from commercial food stuffs and environmental
sources. J Exp.Sci. 2012,3(9):36-42.
[12] Olsen R, Ringo E, Svihus B, Criteria for safe use of plant ingredients in
diet for aquaculture and fish. Opinion of panl on Animal feed of
Nerwigian Scientific committee for food safety,2009,VKM.
[13] Reed L J, Munch H, A simple method of estimating fifty percent
endpoint, Am.J.Hygein,1938, 21(3):493-497.
[14] Decostane A,H, Haesebrouk F, Charlier G, Ducatella R, The association
of Flavobacterium colamar strains of high virulence and low virulence
of gill tissue of black mollies P. sphenops, Vet.Microbiol.,1999.,4:287-
298.
[15] Zheng W, Cato K, Yang X, Grass carp (Ctenopharyn godonidenus),
infected with multiple strains of A hydrophila, Afr.Microbiol.Res,
2012.6(31):4512-4520.
[16] Sarkara MJA, Rashid MM, Pathogenicity of bacterial isolate of catfish,
carp and perch, J.Banladsh.Agr.Uni,2012,2,.10(1):157-161.
[17] Tarasu T, Dhas KA, Velmurugan S,Viji VT, Kumaran T, Babu M,
Selvaraj T, Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from infected ornemantal
fish hatchery during massive disease outbreak, Int.J.Cur.Res.,
2011,2(1):37-410.
[18] Hussian MF, Rashid MM, Sayed MA, Experimental infection of
indigenus climhy perch A. testudineus with Aeromonas hydrophila
bacteria, Prog.Agri,2011,22(1&2):105-114.
[19] Andaman, The fish disease due Aeromonas hydrophila, Central Indian
Institute, India, www.iisceractin/CurrSci./May10,2015articleNo.13,htm.
[20] Ibrahim M, Mostfa MM, Arab RMH, Rezk MA, Prevalence of
Aeromonas hydrophila infection in wild and cultured fish Tilapia niotica
(O. nilticus), Eygp.8th, 2008, Inter.Sympo. on Tilapia in aquaculture.
[21] Rey A, Verjan N, Ferquson HW, Iregui C, Pathogenic Aeromonas
hydrophila strain KJ99 infection and its extracellular products in two
species of fish,Vet.Rec.,2009,164:493-499.
[22] Morohoshi T, Inaba T, Kato N, Kanai K, Ikeda T, Identification of
quorum-sensing signal molecules and Lux R1 homologs in fish pathogen
Edwadsiella trada J.Biosci.Bioengin.,2004,98(4):284-291.