Abstract: In order to accelerate the similarity search in highdimensional database, we propose a new hierarchical indexing method. It is composed of offline and online phases. Our contribution concerns both phases. In the offline phase, after gathering the whole of the data in clusters and constructing a hierarchical index, the main originality of our contribution consists to develop a method to construct bounding forms of clusters to avoid overlapping. For the online phase, our idea improves considerably performances of similarity search. However, for this second phase, we have also developed an adapted search algorithm. Our method baptized NOHIS (Non-Overlapping Hierarchical Index Structure) use the Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning (PDDP) as algorithm of clustering. The principle of the PDDP is to divide data recursively into two sub-clusters; division is done by using the hyper-plane orthogonal to the principal direction derived from the covariance matrix and passing through the centroid of the cluster to divide. Data of each two sub-clusters obtained are including by a minimum bounding rectangle (MBR). The two MBRs are directed according to the principal direction. Consequently, the nonoverlapping between the two forms is assured. Experiments use databases containing image descriptors. Results show that the proposed method outperforms sequential scan and SRtree in processing k-nearest neighbors.
Abstract: The globe Sustainability has become the subject of international attention, the key reason is that global climate change. Climate and disasters around the abnormal frequency multiplier, the global temperature of the catastrophe and disaster continue to occur throughout the world, as well as countries around the world. Currently there are many important international conferences and policy, it is a "global environmental sustainability " and "living human health " as the goal of development, including the APEC 2007 meeting to "climate Clean Energy" as the theme Sydney Declaration, 2008 World Economic Forum's "Carbon - promote Cool Earth energy efficiency improvement project", the EU proposed "Green Idea" program, the Japanese annual policy, "low-carbon society, sustainable eco-city environment (Eco City) "And from 2009 to 2010 to promote the "Eco-Point" to promote green energy and carbon reduction products .And the 2010 World Climate Change Conference (COP16 United Nations Climate Change Conference Copenhagen), the world has been the subject of Negative conservative "Environmental Protection ", "save energy consumption, " into a positive response to the "Sustainable " and" LOHAS", while Taiwan has actively put forward eco-cities, green building, green building materials and other related environmental response Measures, especially green building construction environment that is the basis of factors, the most widely used application level, and direct contact with human health and the key to sustainable planet. "Sustainable development "is a necessary condition for continuation of the Earth, "healthy and comfortable" is a necessary condition for the continuation of life, and improve the "quality" is a necessary condition for economic development, balance between the three is "to enhance the efficiency of ", According to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) for the "environmental efficiency "(Eco-Efficiency) proposed: " the achievement of environmental efficiency, the price to be competitive in the provision of goods or services to meet people's needs, improve living Quality at the same time, the goods or services throughout the life cycle. Its impact on the environment and natural resource utilization and gradually reduced to the extent the Earth can load. "whichever is the economy "Economic" and " Ecologic". The research into the methodology to obtain the Taiwan Green Building Material Labeling product as the scope of the study, by investigating and weight analysis to explore green building environmental load (Ln) factor and the Green Building Quality (Qn) factor to Establish green building environmental efficiency assessment model (GBM Eco-Efficiency). And building materials for healthy green label products for priority assessment object, the object is set in the material evidence for the direct response to the environmental load from the floor class-based, explicit feedback correction to the Green Building environmental efficiency assessment model, "efficiency " as a starting point to achieve balance between human "health "and Earth "sustainable development of win-win strategy. The study is expected to reach 1.To establish green building materials and the quality of environmental impact assessment system, 2. To establish value of GBM Eco-Efficiency model, 3. To establish the GBM Eco-Efficiency model for application of green building material feedback mechanisms.
Abstract: This paper is aimed at describing a delay-based endto-
end (e2e) congestion control algorithm, called Very FAST TCP
(VFAST), which is an enhanced version of FAST TCP. The main
idea behind this enhancement is to smoothly estimate the Round-Trip
Time (RTT) based on a nonlinear filter, which eliminates throughput
and queue oscillation when RTT fluctuates. In this context, an evaluation
of the suggested scheme through simulation is introduced, by
comparing our VFAST prototype with FAST in terms of throughput,
queue behavior, fairness, stability, RTT and adaptivity to changes in
network. The achieved simulation results indicate that the suggested
protocol offer better performance than FAST TCP in terms of RTT
estimation and throughput.
Abstract: Recent advances in both the testing and verification of software based on formal specifications of the system to be built have reached a point where the ideas can be applied in a powerful way in the design of agent-based systems. The software engineering research has highlighted a number of important issues: the importance of the type of modeling technique used; the careful design of the model to enable powerful testing techniques to be used; the automated verification of the behavioural properties of the system; the need to provide a mechanism for translating the formal models into executable software in a simple and transparent way. This paper introduces the use of the X-machine formalism as a tool for modeling biology inspired agents proposing the use of the techniques built around X-machine models for the construction of effective, and reliable agent-based software systems.
Abstract: This paper proposes new enhancement models to the
methods of nonlinear anisotropic diffusion to greatly reduce speckle
and preserve image features in medical ultrasound images. By
incorporating local physical characteristics of the image, in this case
scatterer density, in addition to the gradient, into existing tensorbased
image diffusion methods, we were able to greatly improve the
performance of the existing filtering methods, namely edge
enhancing (EE) and coherence enhancing (CE) diffusion. The new
enhancement methods were tested using various ultrasound images,
including phantom and some clinical images, to determine the
amount of speckle reduction, edge, and coherence enhancements.
Scatterer density weighted nonlinear anisotropic diffusion
(SDWNAD) for ultrasound images consistently outperformed its
traditional tensor-based counterparts that use gradient only to weight
the diffusivity function. SDWNAD is shown to greatly reduce
speckle noise while preserving image features as edges, orientation
coherence, and scatterer density. SDWNAD superior performances
over nonlinear coherent diffusion (NCD), speckle reducing
anisotropic diffusion (SRAD), adaptive weighted median filter
(AWMF), wavelet shrinkage (WS), and wavelet shrinkage with
contrast enhancement (WSCE), make these methods ideal
preprocessing steps for automatic segmentation in ultrasound
imaging.
Abstract: In this paper a novel approach for generalized image
retrieval based on semantic contents is presented. A combination of
three feature extraction methods namely color, texture, and edge
histogram descriptor. There is a provision to add new features in
future for better retrieval efficiency. Any combination of these
methods, which is more appropriate for the application, can be used
for retrieval. This is provided through User Interface (UI) in the
form of relevance feedback. The image properties analyzed in this
work are by using computer vision and image processing algorithms.
For color the histogram of images are computed, for texture cooccurrence
matrix based entropy, energy, etc, are calculated and for
edge density it is Edge Histogram Descriptor (EHD) that is found.
For retrieval of images, a novel idea is developed based on greedy
strategy to reduce the computational complexity. The entire system
was developed using AForge.Imaging (an open source product),
MATLAB .NET Builder, C#, and Oracle 10g. The system was tested
with Coral Image database containing 1000 natural images and
achieved better results.
Abstract: Motion capturing technology has been used for quite a
while and several research has been done within this area. Nevertheless,
we discovered open issues within current motion capturing
environments. In this paper we provide a state-of-the-art overview of
the addressed research areas and show issues with current motion
capturing environments. Observations, interviews and questionnaires
have been used to reveal the challenges actors are currently facing in
a motion capturing environment. Furthermore, the idea to create a
more immersive motion capturing environment to improve the acting
performances and motion capturing outcomes as a potential solution
is introduced. It is hereby the goal to explain the found open issues
and the developed ideas which shall serve for further research as a
basis. Moreover, a methodology to address the interaction and
systems design issues is proposed. A future outcome could be that
motion capture actors are able to perform more naturally, especially
if using a non-body-worn solution.
Abstract: The similarity comparison of RNA secondary
structures is important in studying the functions of RNAs. In recent
years, most existing tools represent the secondary structures by
tree-based presentation and calculate the similarity by tree alignment
distance. Different to previous approaches, we propose a new method
based on maximum clique detection algorithm to extract the maximum
common structural elements in compared RNA secondary structures.
A new graph-based similarity measurement and maximum common
subgraph detection procedures for comparing purely RNA secondary
structures is introduced. Given two RNA secondary structures, the
proposed algorithm consists of a process to determine the score of the
structural similarity, followed by comparing vertices labelling, the
labelled edges and the exact degree of each vertex. The proposed
algorithm also consists of a process to extract the common structural
elements between compared secondary structures based on a proposed
maximum clique detection of the problem. This graph-based model
also can work with NC-IUB code to perform the pattern-based
searching. Therefore, it can be used to identify functional RNA motifs
from database or to extract common substructures between complex
RNA secondary structures. We have proved the performance of this
proposed algorithm by experimental results. It provides a new idea of
comparing RNA secondary structures. This tool is helpful to those
who are interested in structural bioinformatics.
Abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to study the concept
of fuzzy bi-ideals in ternary semirings. We give some characterizations of fuzzy bi-ideals. Characterizations of regular ternary semirings
are provided.
Abstract: The aim of the present paper is to investigate the
interdependency among ego-identity status, autobiographical memory
and cultural life story schema. The study shows considerable
differences between autobiographical memory characteristics and
“family script", which is typical for participants (adolescents, M age
years = 17.84, SD = 1.18, N = 58), with different ego-identity
statuses. Participants with diffused ego-identity status recalled fewer
autobiographical memories. Additionally, this group of participants
recalled fewer events from their parents- life. Participants with
moratorium ego-identity status dated their first recollections to a later
age than others, and recalled fewer memories relating to their
childhood. Participants with achieved identity status recalled more
self-defining memories and events from their parents- life. They used
more functions from the autobiographical memory. There weren-t
any significant differences between the foreclosed identity status
group and the others. These findings support the idea of a
bidirectional relation between culture, memory and self.
Abstract: This paper presents Simulated Annealing based
approach to estimate solar cell model parameters. Single diode solar
cell model is used in this study to validate the proposed approach
outcomes. The developed technique is used to estimate different
model parameters such as generated photocurrent, saturation current,
series resistance, shunt resistance, and ideality factor that govern the
current-voltage relationship of a solar cell. A practical case study is
used to test and verify the consistency of accurately estimating
various parameters of single diode solar cell model. Comparative
study among different parameter estimation techniques is presented
to show the effectiveness of the developed approach.
Abstract: A variable structure model reference adaptive control
(VS-MRAC) strategy for active steering assistance of a two wheel
steering car is proposed. An ideal steering system with fixed
properties and moving on an ideal road is used as the reference
model, and the active steering assistance system is forced to attain
the same behavior as the reference model. The proposed system can
treat the nonlinear relationships between the side slip angles and
lateral forces on tire, and the uncertainties on friction of the road
surface, whose compensation are very important under critical
situations. Simulation results show improvements on yaw rate and
side slip.
Abstract: In this paper, the position control of an electronic
throttle actuator is outlined. The dynamic behavior of the actuator is
described with the help of an uncertain plant model. This motivates
the controller design based on the ideas of higher-order slidingmodes.
As a consequence anti-chattering techniques can be omitted.
It is shown that the same concept is applicable to estimate unmeasureable
signals. The control law and the observer are implemented on
an electronic control unit. Results achieved by numerical simulations
and real world experiments are presented and discussed.
Abstract: The detection of outliers is very essential because of
their responsibility for producing huge interpretative problem in
linear as well as in nonlinear regression analysis. Much work has
been accomplished on the identification of outlier in linear
regression, but not in nonlinear regression. In this article we propose
several outlier detection techniques for nonlinear regression. The
main idea is to use the linear approximation of a nonlinear model and
consider the gradient as the design matrix. Subsequently, the
detection techniques are formulated. Six detection measures are
developed that combined with three estimation techniques such as the
Least-Squares, M and MM-estimators. The study shows that among
the six measures, only the studentized residual and Cook Distance
which combined with the MM estimator, consistently capable of
identifying the correct outliers.
Abstract: Information hiding for authenticating and verifying the content integrity of the multimedia has been exploited extensively in the last decade. We propose the idea of using genetic algorithm and non-deterministic dependence by involving the un-watermarkable coefficients for digital image authentication. Genetic algorithm is used to intelligently select coefficients for watermarking in a DCT based image authentication scheme, which implicitly watermark all the un-watermarkable coefficients also, in order to thwart different attacks. Experimental results show that such intelligent selection results in improvement of imperceptibility of the watermarked image, and implicit watermarking of all the coefficients improves security against attacks such as cover-up, vector quantization and transplantation.
Abstract: This study focuses on bureau management
technologies and information systems in developing countries.
Developing countries use such systems which facilitate executive and
organizational functions through the utilization of bureau
management technologies and provide the executive staff with
necessary information.
The concepts of data and information differ from each other in
developing countries, and thus the concepts of data processing and
information processing are different. Symbols represent ideas,
objects, figures, letters and numbers. Data processing system is an
integrated system which deals with the processing of the data related
to the internal and external environment of the organization in order
to make decisions, create plans and develop strategies; it goes
without saying that this system is composed of both human beings
and machines. Information is obtained through the acquisition and
the processing of data. On the other hand, data are raw
communicative messages. Within this framework, data processing
equals to producing plausible information out of raw data.
Organizations in developing countries need to obtain information
relevant to them because rapid changes in the organizational arena
require rapid access to accurate information. The most significant
role of the directors and managers who work in the organizational
arena is to make decisions. Making a correct decision is possible only
when the directors and managers are equipped with sound ideas and
appropriate information. Therefore, acquisition, organization and
distribution of information gain significance. Today-s organizations
make use of computer-assisted “Management Information Systems"
in order to obtain and distribute information.
Decision Support System which is closely related to practice is an
information system that facilitates the director-s task of making
decisions. Decision Support System integrates human intelligence,
information technology and software in order to solve the complex
problems. With the support of the computer technology and software
systems, Decision Support System produces information relevant to
the decision to be made by the director and provides the executive
staff with supportive ideas about the decision.
Artificial Intelligence programs which transfer the studies and
experiences of the people to the computer are called expert systems.
An expert system stores expert information in a limited area and can
solve problems by deriving rational consequences.
Bureau management technologies and information systems in
developing countries create a kind of information society and
information economy which make those countries have their places
in the global socio-economic structure and which enable them to play
a reasonable and fruitful role; therefore it is of crucial importance to
make use of information and management technologies in order to
work together with innovative and enterprising individuals and it is
also significant to create “scientific policies" based on information
and technology in the fields of economy, politics, law and culture.
Abstract: We consider a typical problem in the assembly of
printed circuit boards (PCBs) in a two-machine flow shop system to
simultaneously minimize the weighted sum of weighted tardiness and
weighted flow time. The investigated problem is a group scheduling
problem in which PCBs are assembled in groups and the interest is to
find the best sequence of groups as well as the boards within each
group to minimize the objective function value. The type of setup
operation between any two board groups is characterized as carryover
sequence-dependent setup time, which exactly matches with the real
application of this problem. As a technical constraint, all of the
boards must be kitted before the assembly operation starts (kitting
operation) and by kitting staff. The main idea developed in this paper
is to completely eliminate the role of kitting staff by assigning the
task of kitting to the machine operator during the time he is idle
which is referred to as integration of internal (machine) and external
(kitting) setup times. Performing the kitting operation, which is a
preparation process of the next set of boards while the other boards
are currently being assembled, results in the boards to continuously
enter the system or have dynamic arrival times. Consequently, a
dynamic PCB assembly system is introduced for the first time in the
assembly of PCBs, which also has characteristics similar to that of
just-in-time manufacturing. The problem investigated is
computationally very complex, meaning that finding the optimal
solutions especially when the problem size gets larger is impossible.
Thus, a heuristic based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed. An
example problem on the application of the GA developed is
demonstrated and also numerical results of applying the GA on
solving several instances are provided.
Abstract: In this paper, we study (3+1)-dimensional Soliton equation. We employ the Hirota-s bilinear method to obtain the bilinear form of (3+1)-dimensional Soliton equation. Then by the idea of extended three-wave method, some exact soliton solutions including breather type solutions are presented.
Abstract: In this paper, the translation surfaces in 3-dimensional
Euclidean space generated by two space curves have been
investigated. It has been indicated that Scherk surface is not only
minimal translation surface.
Abstract: The analytical solutions for geodesic acoustic
eigenmodes in tokamak plasmas with circular concentric magnetic
surfaces are found. In the frame of ideal magnetohydrodynamics the
dispersion relation taking into account the toroidal coupling between
electrostatic perturbations and electromagnetic perturbations with
poloidal mode number |m| = 2 is derived. In the absence of such
a coupling the dispersion relation gives the standard continuous
spectrum of geodesic acoustic modes. The analysis of the existence
of global eigenmodes for plasma equilibria with both off-axis
and on-axis maximum of the local geodesic acoustic frequency is
performed.