Abstract: This paper presents an approach for repairing word order errors in English text by reordering words in a sentence and choosing the version that maximizes the number of trigram hits according to a language model. A possible way for reordering the words is to use all the permutations. The problem is that for a sentence with length N words the number of all permutations is N!. The novelty of this method concerns the use of an efficient confusion matrix technique for reordering the words. The confusion matrix technique has been designed in order to reduce the search space among permuted sentences. The limitation of search space is succeeded using the statistical inference of N-grams. The results of this technique are very interesting and prove that the number of permuted sentences can be reduced by 98,16%. For experimental purposes a test set of TOEFL sentences was used and the results show that more than 95% can be repaired using the proposed method.
Abstract: Palm oil could be converted to cocoa butter equivalent by lipase-catalyzed interesterification. The objective of this research was to investigate the structure modification of palm oil to cocoa butter equivalent using Carica papaya lipase –catalyzed interesterification. The study showed that the compositions of cocoa butter equivalent were affected by acyl donor sources, substrate ratio, initial water of enzyme, reaction time, reaction temperature and the amount of enzyme. Among three acyl donors tested (methyl stearate, ethyl stearate and stearic acid), methyl stearate appeared to be the best acyl donor for incorporation to palm oil structure. The best reaction conditions for cocoa butter equivalent production were : substrate ratio (palm oil : methyl stearate, mol/mol) at 1 : 4, water activity of enzyme at 0.11, reaction time at 4 h, reaction temperature at 45 ° C and 18% by weight of the enzyme. The chemical and physical properties of cocoa butter equivalent were 9.75 ± 0.41% free fatty acid, 44.89 ± 0.84 iodine number, 193.19 ± 0.78 sponification value and melting point at 37-39 °C.
Abstract: Graph rewriting-based visual model processing is a
widely used technique for model transformation. Visual model
transformations often need to follow an algorithm that requires a
strict control over the execution sequence of the transformation steps.
Therefore, in Visual Model Processors (VMPs) the execution order
of the transformation steps is crucial. This paper presents the visual
control flow support of Visual Modeling and Transformation System
(VMTS), which facilitates composing complex model
transformations of simple transformation steps and executing them.
The VMTS Visual Control Flow Language (VCFL) uses stereotyped
activity diagrams to specify control flow structures and OCL
constraints to choose between different control flow branches. This
paper introduces VCFL, discusses its termination properties and
provides an algorithm to support the termination analysis of VCFL
transformations.
Abstract: Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) Machines require effective cooling due to their high power density. The detrimental effects of overheating such as degradation of the insulation materials, magnets demagnetization, and increase of Joule losses are well known. This paper describes the CFD simulations performed on a test rig model of an air cooled Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) generator built at Durham University to identify the temperatures and heat transfer coefficient on the stator. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes and the Energy equations are solved and the flow pattern and heat transfer developing inside the machine are described. The Nusselt number on the stator surfaces has been found. The dependency of the heat transfer on the flow field is described temperature field obtained. Tests on an experimental are undergoing in order to validate the CFD results.
Abstract: In the process of polyethylene extrusion polymer
material similar to powder or granule is under compression, melting
and transmission operation and on base of special form, extrudate has
been produced. Twin-screw extruders are applicable in industries
because of their high capacity. The powder mixing with chemical
additives and melting with thermal and mechanical energy in three
zones (feed, compression and metering zone) and because of gear
pump and screw's pressure, converting to final product in latest plate.
Extruders with twin-screw and short distance between screws are
better than other types because of their high capacity and good
thermal and mechanical stress.
In this paper, process of polyethylene extrusion and various tapes
of extruders are studied. It is necessary to have an exact control on
process to producing high quality products with safe operation and
optimum energy consumption.
The granule size is depending on granulator motor speed. Results
show at constant feed rate a decrease in granule size was found whit
Increase in motor speed. Relationships between HDPE feed rate and
speed of granulator motor, main motor and gear pump are calculated
following as:
x = HDPE feed flow rate, yM = Main motor speed
yM = (-3.6076e-3) x^4+ (0.24597) x^3+ (-5.49003) x^2+ (64.22092)
x+61.66786 (1)
x = HDPE feed flow rate, yG = Gear pump speed
yG = (-2.4996e-3) x^4+ (0.18018) x^3+ (-4.22794) x^2+ (48.45536)
x+18.78880 (2)
x = HDPE feed flow rate, y = Granulator motor speed
10th Degree Polynomial Fit: y = a+bx+cx^2+dx^3... (3)
a = 1.2751, b = 282.4655, c = -165.2098,
d = 48.3106, e = -8.18715, f = 0.84997
g = -0.056094, h = 0.002358, i = -6.11816e-5
j = 8.919726e-7, k = -5.59050e-9
Abstract: Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) tablets are popular OTC products among patients as analgesics and antipyretics. Paracetamol is marketed by a lot of suppliers around the world. The aim of the present investigation was to compare between many types of paracetamol tablets obtained from different suppliers (six brands produced by different pharmaceutical companies in middle east countries, and Panadol® manufactured in Ireland), by different quality control tests according to USP pharmacopeia.Using Non official tests-hardness and friability; official tests- disintegration, dissolution, and drug content. Additionally, evaluate the influence of temperatures 4°C, 25°C and 40°C at 75% relative humidity on the stability of the same brands in their original packaging has been conducted for two months. The results revealed that all paracetamol tablet brands complied with the official USP specifications. In conclusion, paracetamol tablets preferred to be stored at 25°C. All the tested brands being biopharmaceutically and chemically equivalent.
Abstract: An on chip low drop out voltage regulator that
employs elegant compensation scheme is presented in this paper. The
novelty in this design is that the device parasitic capacitances are
exploited for compensation at different loads. The proposed LDO is
designed to provide a constant voltage of 1.2V and is implemented in
UMC 180 nano meter CMOS technology. The voltage regulator
presented improves stability even at lighter loads and enhances line
and load regulation.
Abstract: Tourism researchers have recently focused on repeat visitation as a part of destination loyalty. Different models have also considered satisfaction as the main determinant of revisit intention, while findings in many studies show it as a continuous issue. This conceptual paper attempts at evaluating recent empirical studies on satisfaction and revisit intention. Based on limitations and gaps in recent studies, the current paper suggests a new model that would be more comprehensive than those in previous studies. The new model offers new relationships between antecedents (destination image, perceived value, specific novelty seeking, and distance to destination) and both of satisfaction and revisit intention. Revisit intention in turn is suggested to be measured in a temporal approach.
Abstract: Megalopolis is a group of densely populated metropolitan areas that combine to form an urban complex. Since China introduced the economic reforms in late 1970s, the Chinese urban system has experienced unprecedented growth. The process of urbanisation prevailed in the 1980s, and the process of predominantly large city growth appeared to continue through 1990s and 2000s. In this study, the magnitude and pattern of urbanisation in China during 1990s were examined using remotely sensed imagery acquired by TM/ETM+ sensor onboard the Landsat satellites. The development of megalopolis areas in China was also studied based on the GIS analysis of the increases of urban and built-up area from 1990 to 2000. The analysis suggests that in the traditional agricultural zones in China, e.g., Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Changjiang River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Sichuan Basin, the urban and built-up areas increased by 1.76 million hectares, of which 0.82 million hectares are expansion of urban areas, an increase of 24.78% compared with 1990 at the national scale. The Yellow River Delta, Changjiang River Delta and Pearl River Delta also saw an increase of urban and built-up area by 63.9%, 66.2% and 83.0% respectively. As a result, three major megalopolises were developed in China: the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong- Macau (Pearl River Delta: PRD) megalopolis area, the Shanghai- Nanjing-Hangzhou (Changjiang River Delta: CRD) megalopolis area and the Beijing-Tianjing-Tangshan-Qinhuangdao (Yellow River Delta-Bohai Sea Ring: YRD) megalopolis area. The relationship between the processed of megalopolisation and the inter-provincial population flow was also explored in the context of social-economic and transport infrastructure development in Post-reform China.
Abstract: This paper presents the design of a low power second-order continuous-time sigma-delta modulator for low power
applications. The loop filter of this modulator has been implemented based on the nonlinear transconductance-capacitor (Gm-C) by employing current-mode technique. The nonlinear transconductance uses floating gate MOS (FG-MOS) transistors that operate in weak inversion region. The proposed modulator features low power consumption (
Abstract: Professional development is the focus of this study. It
reports on questionnaire data that examined the perceived
effectiveness of the Train the Trainer model of technology
professional development for elementary teachers. Eighty-three
selected teachers called Information Technology Coaches received
four half-day and one after-school in-service sessions. Subsequently,
coaches shared the information and skills acquired during training
with colleagues. Results indicated that participants felt comfortable
as Information Technology Coaches and felt well prepared because
of their technological professional development. Overall, participants
perceived the Train the Trainer model to be effective. The outcomes
of this study suggest that the use of the Train the Trainer model, a
known professional development model, can be an integral and
interdependent component of the newer more comprehensive
learning community professional development model.
Abstract: This paper presents a method of reducing the feedback
delay time of DWA(Data Weighted Averaging) used in sigma-delta
modulators. The delay time reduction results from the elimination of
the latch at the quantizer output and also from the falling edge
operation. The designed sigma-delta modulator improves the timing
margin about 16%. The sub-circuits of sigma-delta modulator such as
SC(Switched Capacitor) integrator, 9-level quantizer, comparator, and
DWA are designed with the non-ideal characteristics taken into
account. The sigma-delta modulator has a maximum SNR (Signal to
Noise Ratio) of 84 dB or 13 bit resolution.
Abstract: The demands of taller structures are becoming imperative almost everywhere in the world in addition to the challenges of material and labor cost, project time line etc. This paper conducted a study keeping in view the challenging nature of high-rise construction with no generic rules for deflection minimizations and frequency control. The effects of cyclonic wind and provision of outriggers on 28-storey, 42-storey and 57-storey are examined in this paper and certain conclusions are made which would pave way for researchers to conduct further study in this particular area of civil engineering. The results show that plan dimensions have vital impacts on structural heights. Increase of height while keeping the plan dimensions same, leads to the reduction in the lateral rigidity. To achieve required stiffness increase of bracings sizes as well as introduction of additional lateral resisting system such as belt truss and outriggers is required.
Abstract: Khatunabad area is situated geologically in Urmieh-
Dokhtar magmatic belt in NW of Iran. In this research, studied area
has been investigated in order to recognize the potential copper and
molybdenum-bearing target areas. The survey layers include the
lithologic units, alteration, geochemical result, tectonics and copper
and molybdenum occurrence. As an accurate decision can have a
considerable effect on exploration plans, so in this efforts have been
made to make use of new combination method. For this purpose, the
analytical hierarchy process was used and revealed highly potential
copper and molybdenum mineralization areas. Based on achieved
results, geological perspective in north of studied area is appropriate
for advance stage, especially for subsurface exploration in future.
Abstract: In this paper, a solution is presented for a robotic
manipulation problem in industrial settings. The problem is sensing
objects on a conveyor belt, identifying the target, planning and
tracking an interception trajectory between end effector and the
target. Such a problem could be formulated as combining object
recognition, tracking and interception. For this purpose, we integrated
a vision system to the manipulation system and employed tracking
algorithms. The control approach is implemented on a real industrial
manipulation setting, which consists of a conveyor belt, objects
moving on it, a robotic manipulator, and a visual sensor above the
conveyor. The trjectory for robotic interception at a rendezvous point
on the conveyor belt is analytically calculated. Test results show that
tracking the raget along this trajectory results in interception and
grabbing of the target object.
Abstract: Although the level crossing concept has been the subject of intensive investigation over the last few years, certain problems of great interest remain unsolved. One of these concern is distribution of threshold levels. This paper presents a new threshold level allocation schemes for level crossing based on nonuniform sampling. Intuitively, it is more reasonable if the information rich regions of the signal are sampled finer and those with sparse information are sampled coarser. To achieve this objective, we propose non-linear quantization functions which dynamically assign the number of quantization levels depending on the importance of the given amplitude range. Two new approaches to determine the importance of the given amplitude segment are presented. The proposed methods are based on exponential and logarithmic functions. Various aspects of proposed techniques are discussed and experimentally validated. Its efficacy is investigated by comparison with uniform sampling.
Abstract: Application of Information Technology (IT) has
revolutionized the functioning of business all over the world. Its
impact has been felt mostly among the information of dependent
industries. Tourism is one of such industry. The conceptual
framework in this study represents an innovation of travel
information searching system on mobile devices which is used as
tools to deliver travel information (such as hotels, restaurants, tourist
attractions and souvenir shops) for each user by travelers
segmentation based on data mining technique to segment the tourists-
behavior patterns then match them with tourism products and
services. This system innovation is designed to be a knowledge
incremental learning. It is a marketing strategy to support business to
respond traveler-s demand effectively.
Abstract: This study reports the preparation of soft magnetic
ribbons of Fe-based amorphous alloys using the single-roller melt-spinning technique. Ribbon width varied from 142 mm to 213
mm and, with a thickness of approximately 22 μm ± 2 μm. The microstructure and magnetic properties of the ribbons were
characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and electrical resistivity measurements (ERM). The amorphous material
properties dependence of the cooling rate and nozzle pressure have uneven surface in ribbon thicknesses are investigated. Magnetic
measurement results indicate that some region of the ribbon exhibits good magnetic properties, higher saturation induction and lower coercivity. However, due to the uneven surface of 213 mm wide
ribbon, the magnetic responses are not uniformly distributed. To
understand the transformer magnetic performances, this study analyzes the measurements of a three-phase 2 MVA amorphous-cored transformer. Experimental results confirm that the transformer with a
ribbon width of 142 mm has better magnetic properties in terms of lower core loss, exciting power, and audible noise.
Abstract: “Dengue" is an African word meaning “bone
breaking" because it causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels
like bones are breaking. It is an infectious disease mainly transmitted
by female mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and causes four serotypes of
dengue viruses. In recent years, a dramatic increase in the dengue
fever confirmed cases around the equator-s belt has been reported.
Several conventional indices have been designed so far to monitor the
transmitting vector populations known as House Index (HI),
Container Index (CI), Breteau Index (BI). However, none of them
describes the adult mosquito population size which is important to
direct and guide comprehensive control strategy operations since
number of infected people has a direct relationship with the vector
density. Therefore, it is crucial to know the population size of the
transmitting vector in order to design a suitable and effective control
program. In this context, a study is carried out to report a new
statistical index, ABURAS Index, using Poisson distribution based
on the collection of vector population in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract: In this paper, the effects of radiation, chemical
reaction and double dispersion on mixed convection heat and mass
transfer along a semi vertical plate are considered. The plate is
embedded in a Newtonian fluid saturated non - Darcy (Forchheimer
flow model) porous medium. The Forchheimer extension and first
order chemical reaction are considered in the flow equations. The
governing sets of partial differential equations are nondimensionalized
and reduced to a set of ordinary differential
equations which are then solved numerically by Fourth order Runge–
Kutta method. Numerical results for the detail of the velocity,
temperature, and concentration profiles as well as heat transfer rates
(Nusselt number) and mass transfer rates (Sherwood number) against
various parameters are presented in graphs. The obtained results are
checked against previously published work for special cases of the
problem and are found to be in good agreement.