Abstract: The aim of the paper work is to investigate and predict
the static performance of journal bearing in turbulent flow condition
considering micropolar lubrication. The Reynolds equation has been
modified considering turbulent micropolar lubrication and is solved
for steady state operations. The Constantinescu-s turbulence model is
adopted using the coefficients. The analysis has been done for a
parallel and inertia less flow. Load capacity and friction factor have
been evaluated for various operating parameters.
Abstract: There are various kinds of medical equipment which
requires relatively accurate positional adjustments for successful
treatment. However, patients tend to move without notice during a
certain span of operations. Therefore, it is common practice that
accompanying operators adjust the focus of the equipment. In this
paper, tracking controllers for medical equipment are suggested to
replace the operators. The tracking controllers use AHRS sensor
information to recognize the movements of patients. Sensor fusion is
applied to reducing the error magnitudes through linear Kalman filters.
The image processing of optical markers is included to adjust the
accumulation errors of gyroscope sensor data especially for yaw
angles.
The tracking controller reduces the positional errors between the
current focus of a device and the target position on the body of a
patient. Since the sensing frequencies of AHRS sensors are very high
compared to the physical movements, the control performance is
satisfactory. The typical applications are, for example, ESWT or
rTMS, which have the error ranges of a few centimeters.
Abstract: Software reuse can be considered as the most realistic
and promising way to improve software engineering productivity and
quality. Automated assistance for software reuse involves the
representation, classification, retrieval and adaptation of components.
The representation and retrieval of components are important to
software reuse in Component-Based on Software Development
(CBSD). However, current industrial component models mainly focus
on the implement techniques and ignore the semantic information
about component, so it is difficult to retrieve the components that
satisfy user-s requirements. This paper presents a method of business
component retrieval based on specification matching to solve the
software reuse of enterprise information system. First, a business
component model oriented reuse is proposed. In our model, the
business data type is represented as sign data type based on XML,
which can express the variable business data type that can describe the
variety of business operations. Based on this model, we propose
specification match relationships in two levels: business operation
level and business component level. In business operation level, we
use input business data types, output business data types and the
taxonomy of business operations evaluate the similarity between
business operations. In the business component level, we propose five
specification matches between business components. To retrieval
reusable business components, we propose the measure of similarity
degrees to calculate the similarities between business components.
Finally, a business component retrieval command like SQL is
proposed to help user to retrieve approximate business components
from component repository.
Abstract: Hysteresis phenomenon has been observed in the
operations of both horizontal-axis and vertical-axis wind turbines
(HAWTs and VAWTs). In this study, wind tunnel experiments were
applied to investigate the characters of hysteresis phenomena between
the angular speed and the external resistance of electrical loading
during the operation of a Darrieus type VAWT. Data of output voltage,
output current, angular speed of wind turbine under different wind
speeds are measured and analyzed. Results show that the range of
external resistance changes with the wind speed. The range decreases
as the wind speed increases following an exponential decay form.
Experiments also indicate that the maximum output power of wind
turbines is always inside the range where hysteresis happened. These
results provide an important reference to the design of output control
system of wind turbines.
Abstract: Full adders are important components in applications
such as digital signal processors (DSP) architectures and
microprocessors. In addition to its main task, which is adding two
numbers, it participates in many other useful operations such as
subtraction, multiplication, division,, address calculation,..etc. In
most of these systems the adder lies in the critical path that
determines the overall speed of the system. So enhancing the
performance of the 1-bit full adder cell (the building block of the
adder) is a significant goal.Demands for the low power VLSI have
been pushing the development of aggressive design methodologies to
reduce the power consumption drastically. To meet the growing
demand, we propose a new low power adder cell by sacrificing the
MOS Transistor count that reduces the serious threshold loss
problem, considerably increases the speed and decreases the power
when compared to the static energy recovery full (SERF) adder. So a
new improved 14T CMOS l-bit full adder cell is presented in this
paper. Results show 50% improvement in threshold loss problem,
45% improvement in speed and considerable power consumption
over the SERF adder and other different types of adders with
comparable performance.
Abstract: In general fuzzy sets are used to analyze the fuzzy
system reliability. Here intuitionistic fuzzy set theory for analyzing
the fuzzy system reliability has been used. To analyze the fuzzy
system reliability, the reliability of each component of the system as
a triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number is considered. Triangular
intuitionistic fuzzy number and their arithmetic operations are
introduced. Expressions for computing the fuzzy reliability of a
series system and a parallel system following triangular intuitionistic
fuzzy numbers have been described. Here an imprecise reliability
model of an electric network model of dark room is taken. To
compute the imprecise reliability of the above said system, reliability
of each component of the systems is represented by triangular
intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Respective numerical example is
presented.
Abstract: “Dengue" is an African word meaning “bone
breaking" because it causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels
like bones are breaking. It is an infectious disease mainly transmitted
by female mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and causes four serotypes of
dengue viruses. In recent years, a dramatic increase in the dengue
fever confirmed cases around the equator-s belt has been reported.
Several conventional indices have been designed so far to monitor the
transmitting vector populations known as House Index (HI),
Container Index (CI), Breteau Index (BI). However, none of them
describes the adult mosquito population size which is important to
direct and guide comprehensive control strategy operations since
number of infected people has a direct relationship with the vector
density. Therefore, it is crucial to know the population size of the
transmitting vector in order to design a suitable and effective control
program. In this context, a study is carried out to report a new
statistical index, ABURAS Index, using Poisson distribution based
on the collection of vector population in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract: An evolutionary method whose selection and recombination
operations are based on generalization error-bounds of
support vector machine (SVM) can select a subset of potentially
informative genes for SVM classifier very efficiently [7]. In this
paper, we will use the derivative of error-bound (first-order criteria)
to select and recombine gene features in the evolutionary process,
and compare the performance of the derivative of error-bound with
the error-bound itself (zero-order) in the evolutionary process. We
also investigate several error-bounds and their derivatives to compare
the performance, and find the best criteria for gene selection
and classification. We use 7 cancer-related human gene expression
datasets to evaluate the performance of the zero-order and first-order
criteria of error-bounds. Though both criteria have the same strategy
in theoretically, experimental results demonstrate the best criterion
for microarray gene expression data.
Abstract: In this paper, the construction of a detailed spine
model is presented using the LifeMOD Biomechanics Modeler. The
detailed spine model is obtained by refining spine segments in
cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions into individual vertebra
segments, using bushing elements representing the intervertebral
discs, and building various ligamentous soft tissues between
vertebrae. In the sagittal plane of the spine, constant force will be
applied from the posterior to anterior during simulation to determine
dynamic characteristics of the spine. The force magnitude is
gradually increased in subsequent simulations. Based on these
recorded dynamic properties, graphs of displacement-force
relationships will be established in terms of polynomial functions by
using the least-squares method and imported into a haptic integrated
graphic environment. A thoracolumbar spine model with complex
geometry of vertebrae, which is digitized from a resin spine
prototype, will be utilized in this environment. By using the haptic
technique, surgeons can touch as well as apply forces to the spine
model through haptic devices to observe the locomotion of the spine
which is computed from the displacement-force relationship graphs.
This current study provides a preliminary picture of our ongoing
work towards building and simulating bio-fidelity scoliotic spine
models in a haptic integrated graphic environment whose dynamic
properties are obtained from LifeMOD. These models can be helpful
for surgeons to examine kinematic behaviors of scoliotic spines and
to propose possible surgical plans before spine correction operations.
Abstract: The main goal of the study is to analyze all relevant properties of the electro hydraulic systems and based on that to make a proper choice of the neural network control strategy that may be used for the control of the mechatronic system. A combination of electronic and hydraulic systems is widely used since it combines the advantages of both. Hydraulic systems are widely spread because of their properties as accuracy, flexibility, high horsepower-to-weight ratio, fast starting, stopping and reversal with smoothness and precision, and simplicity of operations. On the other hand, the modern control of hydraulic systems is based on control of the circuit fed to the inductive solenoid that controls the position of the hydraulic valve. Since this circuit may be easily handled by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal with a proper frequency, the combination of electrical and hydraulic systems became very fruitful and usable in specific areas as airplane and military industry. The study shows and discusses the experimental results obtained by the control strategy of neural network control using MATLAB and SIMULINK [1]. Finally, the special attention was paid to the possibility of neuro-controller design and its application to control of electro-hydraulic systems and to make comparative with other kinds of control.
Abstract: This paper describes a proposed support system which
enables applications designers to effectively create VR applications
using multiple haptic APIs. When the VR designers create
applications, it is often difficult to handle and understand many
parameters and functions that have to be set in the application program
using documentation manuals only. This complication may disrupt
creative imagination and result in inefficient coding. So, we proposed
the support application which improved the efficiency of VR
applications development and provided the interactive components of
confirmation of operations with haptic sense previously.
In this paper, we describe improvements of our former proposed
support application, which was applicable to multiple APIs and haptic
devices, and evaluate the new application by having participants
complete VR program. Results from a preliminary experiment suggest
that our application facilitates creation of VR applications.
Abstract: In-place sorting algorithms play an important role in many fields such as very large database systems, data warehouses, data mining, etc. Such algorithms maximize the size of data that can be processed in main memory without input/output operations. In this paper, a novel in-place sorting algorithm is presented. The algorithm comprises two phases; rearranging the input unsorted array in place, resulting segments that are ordered relative to each other but whose elements are yet to be sorted. The first phase requires linear time, while, in the second phase, elements of each segment are sorted inplace in the order of z log (z), where z is the size of the segment, and O(1) auxiliary storage. The algorithm performs, in the worst case, for an array of size n, an O(n log z) element comparisons and O(n log z) element moves. Further, no auxiliary arithmetic operations with indices are required. Besides these theoretical achievements of this algorithm, it is of practical interest, because of its simplicity. Experimental results also show that it outperforms other in-place sorting algorithms. Finally, the analysis of time and space complexity, and required number of moves are presented, along with the auxiliary storage requirements of the proposed algorithm.
Abstract: A given polynomial, possibly with multiple roots, is
factored into several lower-degree distinct-root polynomials with
natural-order-integer powers. All the roots, including multiplicities,
of the original polynomial may be obtained by solving these lowerdegree
distinct-root polynomials, instead of the original high-degree
multiple-root polynomial directly.
The approach requires polynomial Greatest Common Divisor
(GCD) computation. The very simple and effective process, “Monic
polynomial subtractions" converted trickily from “Longhand
polynomial divisions" of Euclidean algorithm is employed. It
requires only simple elementary arithmetic operations without any
advanced mathematics.
Amazingly, the derived routine gives the expected results for the
test polynomials of very high degree, such as p( x) =(x+1)1000.
Abstract: Today with the rapid growth of telecommunications equipment, electronic and developing more and more networks of power, influence of electromagnetic waves on one another has become hot topic discussions. So in this article, this issue and appropriate mechanisms for EMC operations have been presented. First, a source of alternating current (50 Hz) and a clear victim in a certain distance from the source is placed. With this simple model, the effects of electromagnetic radiation from the source to the victim will be investigated and several methods to reduce these effects have been presented. Therefore passive and active shields have been used. In some steps, shielding effectiveness of proposed shields will be compared. . It should be noted that simulations have been done by the finite element method (FEM).
Abstract: In this paper, based on a novel synthesis, a set of new simplified circuit design to implement the linguistic-hedge operations for adjusting the fuzzy membership function set is presented. The circuits work in current-mode and employ floating-gate MOS (FGMOS) transistors that operate in weak inversion region. Compared to the other proposed circuits, these circuits feature severe reduction of the elements number, low supply voltage (0.7V), low power consumption (60dB). In this paper, a set of fuzzy linguistic hedge circuits, including absolutely, very, much more, more, plus minus, more or less and slightly, has been implemented in 0.18 mm CMOS process. Simulation results by Hspice confirm the validity of the proposed design technique and show high performance of the circuits.
Abstract: The notions of I-vague normal groups with membership
and non-membership functions taking values in an involutary dually
residuated lattice ordered semigroup are introduced which generalize
the notions with truth values in a Boolean algebra as well as those
usual vague sets whose membership and non-membership functions
taking values in the unit interval [0, 1]. Various operations and
properties are established.
Abstract: This paper explores the plant maintenance management system that has been used by giant oil and gas company in Malaysia. The system also called as PMMS used to manage the upstream operations for more than 100 plants of the case study company. Moreover, from the observations, focus group discussion with PMMS personnel and application through simulation (SAP R/3), the paper reviews the step-by-step approach and the elements that required for the PMMS. The findings show that the PMMS integrates the overall business strategy in upstream operations that consist of asset management, work management and performance management. In addition, PMMS roles are to help operations personnel organize and plan their daily activities, to improve productivity and reduce equipment downtime and to help operations management analyze the facilities and create performance, and to provide and maintain the operational effectiveness of the facilities.
Abstract: Negation is useful in the majority of the real world applications. However, its introduction leads to semantic and canonical problems. We propose in this paper an approach based on stratification to deal with negation problems. This approach is based on an extension of predicates nets. It is characterized with two main contributions. The first concerns the management of the whole class of stratified programs. The second contribution is related to usual operations optimizations on stratified programs (maximal stratification, incremental updates ...).
Abstract: The main goal of the study is to analyze all relevant
properties of the electro hydraulic systems and based on that to make
a proper choice of the control strategy that may be used for the
control of the servomechanism system. A combination of electronic
and hydraulic systems is widely used since it combines the
advantages of both. Hydraulic systems are widely spread because of
their properties as accuracy, flexibility, high horsepower-to-weight
ratio, fast starting, stopping and reversal with smoothness and
precision, and simplicity of operations. On the other hand, the
modern control of hydraulic systems is based on control of the circuit
fed to the inductive solenoid that controls the position of the
hydraulic valve. Since this circuit may be easily handled by PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) signal with a proper frequency, the
combination of electrical and hydraulic systems became very fruitful
and usable in specific areas as airplane and military industry.
The study shows and discusses the experimental results obtained
by the control strategy (classical feedback (PID) & neural network)
using MATLAB and SIMULINK [1]. Finally, the special attention
was paid to the possibility of neuro-controller design and its
application to control of electro-hydraulic systems and to make
comparative with classical control.
Abstract: A thin layer on the component surface can be found
with high tensile residual stresses, due to turning operations, which
can dangerously affect the fatigue performance of the component. In
this paper an analytical approach is presented to reconstruct the
residual stress field from a limited incomplete set of measurements.
Airy stress function is used as the primary unknown to directly solve
the equilibrium equations and satisfying the boundary conditions. In
this new method there exists the flexibility to impose the physical
conditions that govern the behavior of residual stress to achieve a
meaningful complete stress field. The analysis is also coupled to a
least squares approximation and a regularization method to provide
stability of the inverse problem. The power of this new method is
then demonstrated by analyzing some experimental measurements
and achieving a good agreement between the model prediction and
the results obtained from residual stress measurement.