Abstract: The final step to complete the “Analytical Systems
Engineering Process” is the “Allocated Architecture” in which all
Functional Requirements (FRs) of an engineering system must be
allocated into their corresponding Physical Components (PCs). At
this step, any design for developing the system’s allocated
architecture in which no clear pattern of assigning the exclusive
“responsibility” of each PC for fulfilling the allocated FR(s) can be
found is considered a poor design that may cause difficulties in
determining the specific PC(s) which has (have) failed to satisfy a
given FR successfully. The present study utilizes the Axiomatic
Design method principles to mathematically address this problem and
establishes an “Axiomatic Model” as a solution for reaching good
alternatives for developing the allocated architecture. This study
proposes a “loss Function”, as a quantitative criterion to monetarily
compare non-ideal designs for developing the allocated architecture
and choose the one which imposes relatively lower cost to the
system’s stakeholders. For the case-study, we use the existing design
of U. S. electricity marketing subsystem, based on data provided by
the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). The result for
2012 shows the symptoms of a poor design and ineffectiveness due to
coupling among the FRs of this subsystem.
Abstract: Self-compacting concrete (SCC) developed in Japan
in the late 80s has enabled the construction industry to reduce
demand on the resources, improve the work condition and also
reduce the impact of environment by elimination of the need for
compaction. Fuzzy logic (FL) approaches has recently been used to
model some of the human activities in many areas of civil
engineering applications. Especially from these systems in the model
experimental studies, very good results have been obtained. In the
present study, a model for predicting compressive strength of SCC
containing various proportions of fly ash, as partial replacement of
cement has been developed by using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS).
For the purpose of building this model, a database of experimental
data were gathered from the literature and used for training and
testing the model. The used data as the inputs of fuzzy logic models
are arranged in a format of five parameters that cover the total binder
content, fly ash replacement percentage, water content,
superplasticizer and age of specimens. The training and testing results
in the fuzzy logic model have shown a strong potential for predicting
the compressive strength of SCC containing fly ash in the considered
range.
Abstract: Safety is one of the most important considerations
when buying a new car. While active safety aims at avoiding
accidents, passive safety systems such as airbags and seat belts
protect the occupant in case of an accident. In addition to legal
regulations, organizations like Euro NCAP provide consumers with
an independent assessment of the safety performance of cars and
drive the development of safety systems in automobile industry.
Those ratings are mainly based on injury assessment reference values
derived from physical parameters measured in dummies during a car
crash test.
The components and sub-systems of a safety system are designed
to achieve the required restraint performance. Sled tests and other
types of tests are then carried out by car makers and their suppliers
to confirm the protection level of the safety system. A Knowledge
Discovery in Databases (KDD) process is proposed in order to
minimize the number of tests. The KDD process is based on the
data emerging from sled tests according to Euro NCAP specifications.
About 30 parameters of the passive safety systems from different data
sources (crash data, dummy protocol) are first analysed together with
experts opinions. A procedure is proposed to manage missing data
and validated on real data sets. Finally, a procedure is developed to
estimate a set of rough initial parameters of the passive system before
testing aiming at reducing the number of tests.
Abstract: Fuzzy inference method based approach to the
forming of modular intellectual system of assessment the quality of
communication services is proposed. Developed under this approach
the basic fuzzy estimation model takes into account the
recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union in
respect of the operation of packet switching networks based on IPprotocol.
To implement the main features and functions of the fuzzy
control system of quality telecommunication services it is used
multilayer feedforward neural network.
Abstract: Metal matrix composites (MMCs) attract considerable
attention as a result from its ability in providing a high strength, high
modulus, high toughness, high impact properties, improving wear
resistance and providing good corrosion resistance compared to
unreinforced alloy. Aluminium Silicon (Al/Si) alloy MMC has been
widely used in various industrial sectors such as in transportation,
domestic equipment, aerospace, military, construction, etc.
Aluminium silicon alloy is an MMC that had been reinforced with
aluminium nitrate (AlN) particle and become a new generation
material use in automotive and aerospace sector. The AlN is one of
the advance material that have a bright prospect in future since it has
features such as lightweight, high strength, high hardness and
stiffness quality. However, the high degree of ceramic particle
reinforcement and the irregular nature of the particles along the
matrix material that contribute to its low density is the main problem
which leads to difficulties in machining process. This paper examined
the tool wear when milling AlSi/AlN Metal Matrix Composite using
a TiB2 (Titanium diboride) coated carbide cutting tool. The volume
of the AlN reinforced particle was 10% and milling process was
carried out under dry cutting condition. The TiB2 coated carbide
insert parameters used were at the cutting speed of (230, 300 and
370m/min, feed rate of 0.8, Depth of Cut (DoC) at 0.4m). The
Sometech SV-35 video microscope system used to quantify of the
tool wear. The result shown that tool life span increasing with the
cutting speeds at (370m/min, feed rate of 0.8mm/tooth and DoC at
0.4mm) which constituted an optimum condition for longer tool life
lasted until 123.2 mins. Meanwhile, at medium cutting speed which
at 300m/m, feed rate of 0.8mm/tooth and depth of cut at 0.4mm we
found that tool life span lasted until 119.86 mins while at low cutting
speed it lasted in 119.66 mins. High cutting speed will give the best
parameter in cutting AlSi/AlN MMCs material. The result will help
manufacturers in machining process of AlSi/AlN MMCs materials.
Abstract: In this work, we propose and analyze a model of
Phytoplankton-Zooplankton interaction with harvesting considering
that some species are exploited commercially for food. Criteria for
local stability, instability and global stability are derived and some
threshold harvesting levels are explored to maintain the population
at an appropriate equilibrium level even if the species are exploited
continuously.Further,biological and bionomic equilibria of the system
are obtained and an optimal harvesting policy is also analysed using
the Pantryagin’s Maximum Principle.Finally analytical findings are
also supported by some numerical simulations.
Abstract: Now-a-days autonomous mobile robots have found
applications in diverse fields. An autonomous robot system must be
able to behave in an intelligent manner to deal with complex and
changing environment. This work proposes the performance of path
planning and navigation of autonomous mobile robot using
Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Simulated Annealing (SA)
and Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) based intelligent controllers
in an unstructured environment. The approach not only finds a valid
collision free path but also optimal one. The main aim of the work is
to minimize the length of the path and duration of travel from a
starting point to a target while moving in an unknown environment
with obstacles without collision. Finally, a comparison is made
between the three controllers, it is found that the path length and time
duration made by the robot using GSA is better than SA and PSO
based controllers for the same work.
Abstract: The demand of high quality services has fueled
dimensional research and development in wireless communications
and networking. As a result, different wireless technologies like
Wireless LAN, CDMA, GSM, UMTS, MANET, Bluetooth and
satellite networks etc. have emerged in the last two decades. Future
networks capable of carrying multimedia traffic need IP convergence,
portability, seamless roaming and scalability among the existing
networking technologies without changing the core part of the
existing communications networks. To fulfill these goals, the present
networking systems are required to work in cooperation to ensure
technological independence, seamless roaming, high security and
authentication, guaranteed Quality of Services (QoS). In this paper, a
conceptual framework for a cooperative network (CN) is proposed
for integration of heterogeneous existing networks to meet out the
requirements of the next generation wireless networks.
Abstract: The method of introducing the proxy interpretation for
sending and receiving requests increase the capability of the server
and our approach UDIV (User-Data Identity Security) to solve the
data and user authentication without extending size of the data makes
better than hybrid IDS (Intrusion Detection System). And at the same
time all the security stages we have framed have to pass through less
through that minimize the response time of the request. Even though
an anomaly detected, before rejecting it the proxy extracts its identity
to prevent it to enter into system. In case of false anomalies, the
request will be reshaped and transformed into legitimate request for
further response. Finally we are holding the normal and abnormal
requests in two different queues with own priorities.
Abstract: The growth in the volume of text data such as books
and articles in libraries for centuries has imposed to establish
effective mechanisms to locate them. Early techniques such as
abstraction, indexing and the use of classification categories have
marked the birth of a new field of research called "Information
Retrieval". Information Retrieval (IR) can be defined as the task of
defining models and systems whose purpose is to facilitate access to
a set of documents in electronic form (corpus) to allow a user to find
the relevant ones for him, that is to say, the contents which matches
with the information needs of the user.
Most of the models of information retrieval use a specific data
structure to index a corpus which is called "inverted file" or "reverse
index".
This inverted file collects information on all terms over the corpus
documents specifying the identifiers of documents that contain the
term in question, the frequency of each term in the documents of the
corpus, the positions of the occurrences of the word...
In this paper we use an oriented object database (db4o) instead of
the inverted file, that is to say, instead to search a term in the inverted
file, we will search it in the db4o database.
The purpose of this work is to make a comparative study to see if
the oriented object databases may be competing for the inverse index
in terms of access speed and resource consumption using a large
volume of data.
Abstract: Reburning is a useful technology in reducing nitric
oxide through injection of a secondary hydrocarbon fuel. In this paper,
an experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of fuel
lean reburning on NOx/CO reduction in LNG flame. Experiments
were performed in flames stabilized by a co-flow swirl burner, which
was mounted at the bottom of the furnace. Tests were conducted using
LNG gas as the reburn fuel as well as the main fuel. The effects of
reburn fuel fraction and injection manner of the reburn fuel were
studied when the fuel lean reburning system was applied. The paper
reports data on flue gas emissions and temperature distribution in the
furnace for a wide range of experimental conditions. At steady state,
temperature distribution and emission formation in the furnace have
been measured and compared. This paper makes clear that in order to
decrease both NOx and CO concentrations in the exhaust when the
pulsated fuel lean reburning system was adapted, it is important that
the control of some factors such as frequency and duty ratio. Also it
shows the fuel lean reburning is also effective method to reduce NOx
as much as reburning.
Abstract: Environmental management implementation is
presently one of the ways of organization success and value
improvement. Increasing an organization motivation to
environmental measures introduction is caused primarily by the rising
pressure of the society that generates various incentives to endeavor
for the environmental performance improvement.
The aim of the paper is to identify and characterize the key
incentives and expectations leading organizations to the
environmental management implementation. The author focuses on
five businesses of different size and field, operating in the Czech
Republic. The qualitative approach and grounded theory procedure
are used in research.
The results point out that the significant incentives for
environmental management implementation represent primarily
demands of customers, the opportunity to declare the environmental
commitment and image improvement. The researched enterprises less
commonly expect the economical contribution, competitive
advantage increase or export rate improvement. The results show that
marketing contributions are primarily expected from the
environmental management implementation.
Abstract: This paper investigates the joint effect of the
interconnected (n,k)-star network topology and Multi-Agent
automated control on restoration and reconfiguration of power
systems. With the increasing trend in development in Multi-Agent
control technologies applied to power system reconfiguration
in presence of faulty components or nodes. Fault tolerance is
becoming an important challenge in the design processes of the
distributed power system topology. Since the reconfiguration of a
power system is performed by agent communication, the (n,k)-star
interconnected network topology is studied and modeled in this
paper to optimize the process of power reconfiguration. In this paper,
we discuss the recently proposed (n,k)-star topology and examine its
properties and advantages as compared to the traditional multi-bus
power topologies. We design and simulate the topology model for
distributed power system test cases. A related lemma based on the
fault tolerance and conditional diagnosability properties is presented
and proved both theoretically and practically. The conclusion is
reached that (n,k)-star topology model has measurable advantages
compared to standard bus power systems while exhibiting fault
tolerance properties in power restoration, as well as showing
efficiency when applied to power system route discovery.
Abstract: Enterprise Architecture (EA) is employed by
enterprises for providing integrated Information Systems (ISs) in
order to support alignment of their business and Information
Technology (IT). Evaluation of EA implementation can support
enterprise to reach intended goals. There are some problems in
current evaluation methods of EA implementation that lead to
ineffectiveness implementation of EA. This paper represents current
issues on evaluation of EA implementation. In this regard, we set the
framework in order to represent evaluation’s issues based on their
functionality and structure. The results of this research not only
increase the knowledge of evaluation, but also could be useful for
both academics and practitioners in order to realize the current
situation of evaluations.
Abstract: The inspection of underneath vehicle system has been
given significant attention by governments after the threat of
terrorism become more prevalent. New technologies such as mobile
robots and computer vision are led to have more secure environment.
This paper proposed that a mobile robot like Aria robot can be used
to search and inspect the bombs under parking a lot vehicle. This
robot is using fuzzy logic and subsumption algorithms to control the
robot that movies underneath the vehicle. An OpenCV library and
laser Hokuyo are added to Aria robot to complete the experiment for
under vehicle inspection. This experiment was conducted at the
indoor environment to demonstrate the efficiency of our methods to
search objects and control the robot movements under vehicle. We
got excellent results not only by controlling the robot movement but
also inspecting object by the robot camera at same time. This success
allowed us to know the requirement to construct a new cost effective
robot with more functionality.
Abstract: Ontologies offer a means for representing and sharing
information in many domains, particularly in complex domains. For
example, it can be used for representing and sharing information
of System Requirement Specification (SRS) of complex systems
like the SRS of ERTMS/ETCS written in natural language. Since
this system is a real-time and critical system, generic ontologies,
such as OWL and generic ERTMS ontologies provide minimal
support for modeling temporal information omnipresent in these SRS
documents. To support the modeling of temporal information, one
of the challenges is to enable representation of dynamic features
evolving in time within a generic ontology with a minimal redesign
of it. The separation of temporal information from other information
can help to predict system runtime operation and to properly design
and implement them. In addition, it is helpful to provide a reasoning
and querying techniques to reason and query temporal information
represented in the ontology in order to detect potential temporal
inconsistencies. To address this challenge, we propose a lightweight
3-layer temporal Quality of Service (QoS) ontology for representing,
reasoning and querying over temporal and non-temporal information
in a complex domain ontology. Representing QoS entities in separated
layers can clarify the distinction between the non QoS entities
and the QoS entities in an ontology. The upper generic layer of
the proposed ontology provides an intuitive knowledge of domain
components, specially ERTMS/ETCS components. The separation of
the intermediate QoS layer from the lower QoS layer allows us to
focus on specific QoS Characteristics, such as temporal or integrity
characteristics. In this paper, we focus on temporal information that
can be used to predict system runtime operation. To evaluate our
approach, an example of the proposed domain ontology for handover
operation, as well as a reasoning rule over temporal relations in this
domain-specific ontology, are presented.
Abstract: In wireless communication, space-time block code (STBC), cyclic delay diversity (CDD) and space-time cyclic delay diversity (STCDD)are used as the spatial diversity schemes and have been widely studied for the reliablecommunication. If these schemes are used, the communication system can obtain the improved performance. However,the quality of the system is degraded when the distance between a source and a destination is distant in wireless communication system. In this paper, the cooperative transmission scheme using two sources is proposed and improves the performance of the wireless communication system.
Abstract: Excavation and retaining walls are of challenging
issues in civil engineering. In this study, the behavior of one
important type of supporting systems called Contiguous Bored Pile
(CBP) retaining wall is investigated using a physical model. Besides,
a comparison is made between two modes of free end piles (soft bed)
and fixed end piles (stiff bed). Also a back calculation of effective
length (the real free length of pile) is done by measuring lateral
deflection of piles in different stages of excavation in both
aforementioned cases. Based on observed results, for the fixed end
mode, the effective length to free length ratio (Leff/L0) is equal to
unity in initial stages of excavation and less than 1 in its final stages
in a decreasing manner. While this ratio for free end mode, remains
constant during all stages of excavation and is always less than unity.
Abstract: Recommendation systems are widely used in
e-commerce applications. The engine of a current recommendation
system recommends items to a particular user based on user
preferences and previous high ratings. Various recommendation
schemes such as collaborative filtering and content-based approaches
are used to build a recommendation system. Most of current
recommendation systems were developed to fit a certain domain such
as books, articles, and movies. We propose1 a hybrid framework
recommendation system to be applied on two dimensional spaces
(User × Item) with a large number of Users and a small number
of Items. Moreover, our proposed framework makes use of both
favorite and non-favorite items of a particular user. The proposed
framework is built upon the integration of association rules mining
and the content-based approach. The results of experiments show
that our proposed framework can provide accurate recommendations
to users.
Abstract: Monocopter is a single-wing rotary flying vehicle
which has the capability of hovering. This flying vehicle includes two
dynamic parts in which more efficiency can be expected rather than
other Micro UAVs due to the extended area of wing compared to its
fuselage. Low cost and simple mechanism in comparison to other
vehicles such as helicopter are the most important specifications of
this flying vehicle.
In the previous paper we discussed the introduction of the final
system but in this paper, the experimental design process of
Monocopter and its control algorithm has been investigated in
general. Also the editorial bugs in the previous article have been
corrected and some translational ambiguities have been resolved.
Initially by constructing several prototypes and carrying out many
flight tests the main design parameters of this air vehicle were
obtained by experimental measurements. Eventually the required
main monocopter for this project was constructed. After construction
of the monocopter in order to design, implementation and testing of
control algorithms first a simple optic system used for determining
the heading angle. After doing numerous tests on Test Stand, the
control algorithm designed and timing of applying control inputs
adjusted. Then other control parameters of system were tuned in
flight tests. Eventually the final control system designed and
implemented using the AHRS sensor and the final operational tests
performed successfully.