Abstract: Rural tourism is usually associated with rural
development because it has strong linkages to rural resources; but it
remains underdeveloped compared to urban tourism. This
underdevelopment of rural tourism serves as a motivation for this
study whose aim is to examine the factors affecting the perceived
satisfaction of rural tourists. The objectives of this study are: to
identify and design theories and models on rural tourism satisfaction,
and to empirically validate these models and theories through a
survey of tourists from the Malealea Lodge which is located in the
Mafeteng District, in the Mountain Kingdom of Lesotho. Data
generated by the collection of questionnaires used by this survey was
analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and correlations in
SPSS after checking the validity and the reliability of the
questionnaire. The main hypothesis behind this study is the
relationship between the demographics of rural tourists, their
motivation, and their satisfaction, as supported by existing literature;
except that motivation is measured in this study according to three
dimensions: push factors, pull factors, and perceived usefulness of
ICTs in the rural tourism experience. Findings from this study
indicate that among the demographics factors, continent of origin and
marital status influence the satisfaction of rural tourists; and their
occupation affects their perceptions on the use of ICTs in rural
tourism. Moreover, only pull factors were found to influence the
satisfaction of rural tourists.
Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to determine the
applicability of the constitutional social rights in the so-called
horizontal relations, i.e. the relations between private entities.
Nowadays the constitutional rights are more and more often violated
by private entities and not only by the state. The private entities
interfere with the privacy of individuals, limit their freedom of
expression or disturb their peaceful gatherings. International
corporations subordinate individuals in a way which may limit their
constitutional rights. These new realities determine the new role of
the constitution in protecting human rights.
The paper will aim at answering two important questions. Firstly,
are the private entities obliged to respect the constitutional social
rights of other private entities and can they be liable for violation of
these rights? Secondly, how the constitutional social rights can
receive horizontal effect? Answers to these questions will have a
significant meaning for the popularisation of the practice of applying
the Constitution among the citizens as well as for the courts which
settle disputes between them.
Abstract: This paper introduces an original method for
guaranteed estimation of the accuracy for an ensemble of Lipschitz
classifiers. The solution was obtained as a finite closed set of
alternative hypotheses, which contains an object of classification with
probability of not less than the specified value. Thus, the
classification is represented by a set of hypothetical classes. In this
case, the smaller the cardinality of the discrete set of hypothetical
classes is, the higher is the classification accuracy. Experiments have
shown that if cardinality of the classifiers ensemble is increased then
the cardinality of this set of hypothetical classes is reduced. The
problem of the guaranteed estimation of the accuracy for an ensemble
of Lipschitz classifiers is relevant in multichannel classification of
target events in C-OTDR monitoring systems. Results of suggested
approach practical usage to accuracy control in C-OTDR monitoring
systems are present.
Abstract: Applications of the Hausdorff space and its mappings
into tangent spaces are outlined, including their fractal dimensions
and self-similarities. The paper details this theory set up and further
describes virtualizations and atomization of manufacturing processes.
It demonstrates novel concurrency principles that will guide
manufacturing processes and resources configurations. Moreover,
varying levels of details may be produced by up folding and breaking
down of newly introduced generic models. This choice of layered
generic models for units and systems aspects along specific aspects
allows research work in parallel to other disciplines with the same
focus on all levels of detail. More credit and easier access are granted
to outside disciplines for enriching manufacturing grounds. Specific
mappings and the layers give hints for chances for interdisciplinary
outcomes and may highlight more details for interoperability
standards, as already worked on the international level. The new rules
are described, which require additional properties concerning all
involved entities for defining distributed decision cycles, again on the
base of self-similarity. All properties are further detailed and assigned
to a maturity scale, eventually displaying the smartness maturity of a
total shopfloor or a factory. The paper contributes to the intensive
ongoing discussion in the field of intelligent distributed
manufacturing and promotes solid concepts for implementations of
Cyber Physical Systems and the Internet of Things into
manufacturing industry, like industry 4.0, as discussed in German-speaking
countries.
Abstract: This paper attempts to define the validity domain of
LSDP (Loop Shaping Design Procedure) controller system, by
determining the suitable uncertainty region, so that linear system be
stable. Indeed the LSDP controller cannot provide stability for any
perturbed system. For this, we will use the gap metric tool that is
introduced into the control literature for studying robustness
properties of feedback systems with uncertainty. A 2nd order electric
linear system example is given to define the validity domain of LSDP
controller and effectiveness gap metric.
Abstract: In urban context, urban nodes such as amenity or
hazard will certainly affect house price, while classic hedonic analysis
will employ distance variables measured from each urban nodes.
However, effects from distances to facilities on house prices generally
do not represent the true price of the property. Distance variables
measured on the same surface are suffering a problem called
multicollinearity, which is usually presented as magnitude variance
and mean value in regression, errors caused by instability. In this paper,
we provided a theoretical framework to identify and gather the data
with less bias, and also provided specific sampling method on locating
the sample region to avoid the spatial multicollinerity problem in three
distance variable’s case.
Abstract: The feedbacks obtained regarding the sense of
presence from pilot users operating a Mobile Robotic presence
(MRP) system to visit a simulated museum are reported in this paper.
The aim is to investigate how much the perception of system’s
usefulness and ease of use is affected by operators’ sense of social
telepresence (presence) in the remote location. Therefore, scenarios
of visiting a museum are simulated and the user operators are
supposed to perform some regular tasks inside the remote
environment including interaction with local users, navigation and
visiting the artworks. Participants were divided into two groups,
those who had previous experience of operation and interaction with
a MRP system and those who never had experience. Based on the
results, both groups provided different feedbacks. Moreover, there
was a significant association between user’s sense of presence and
their perception of system usefulness and ease of use.
Abstract: This paper shortly describes various types of biomass
and a growing number of facilities utilizing the biomass in the Czech
Republic. The considerable part of this paper deals with energy
parameters of the most frequently used types of biomass and results
of their gasification testing. Sixteen most used "Czech" woody plants
and grasses were selected; raw, element and biochemical analyses
were performed and basic calorimetric values, ash composition, and
ash characteristic temperatures were identified. Later, each biofuel
was tested in a fluidized bed gasifier. The essential part of this paper
provides results of the gasification of selected biomass types.
Operating conditions are described in detail with a focus on
individual fuels properties. Gas composition and impurities content
are also identified. In terms of operating conditions and gas quality,
the essential difference occurred mainly between woody plants and
grasses. The woody plants were evaluated as more suitable fuels for
fluidized bed gasifiers. Testing results significantly help with a
decision-making process regarding suitability of energy plants for
growing and with a selection of optimal biomass-treatment
technology.
Abstract: Teaching art by digital means is a big challenge for
the majority of teachers of art and design in primary schools, yet it
allows relationships between art, technology and creativity to be
clearly identified. The aim of this article is to present a modern way
of teaching art, using digital tools in the art classroom to improve
creative ability in pupils aged between nine and eleven years. It also
presents a conceptual model for creativity based on digital art. The
model could be useful for pupils interested in learning to draw by
using an e-drawing package, and for teachers who are interested in
teaching modern digital art in order to improve children’s creativity.
By illustrating the strategy of teaching art through technology, this
model may also help education providers to make suitable choices
about which technological approaches are most effective in
enhancing students’ creative ability, and which digital art tools can
benefit children by developing their technical skills. It is also
expected that use of this model will help to develop skills of social
interaction, which may in turn improve intellectual ability.
Abstract: The effect of transition metal doping on Pt/Al2O3
catalyst used in propane dehydrogenation reaction at 500°C was
studied. The preparation methods investigated were sequential
impregnation (Pt followed by the 2nd metal or the 2nd metal followed
by Pt) and co-impregnation. The metal contents of these catalysts
were fixed as the weight ratio of Pt per the 2nd metal of around 0.075.
These catalysts were characterized by N2-physisorption, TPR, COchemisorption
and NH3-TPD. It was found that the impregnated 2nd
metal had an effect upon reducibility of Pt due to its interaction with
transition metal-containing structure. This was in agreement with the
CO-chemisorption result that the presence of Pt metal, which is a
result from Pt species reduction, was decreased. The total acidity of
bimetallic catalysts is decreased but the strong acidity is slightly
increased. It was found that the stability of bimetallic catalysts
prepared by co-impregnation and sequential impregnation where the
2nd metal was impregnated before Pt were better than that of
monometallic catalyst (undoped Pt one) due to the forming of Pt sites
located on the transition metal-oxide modified surface. Among all
preparation methods, the sequential impregnation method- having Pt
impregnated before the 2nd metal gave the worst stability because this
catalyst lacked the modified Pt sites and some fraction of Pt sites was
covered by the 2nd metal.
Abstract: Neuroplasticity or the flexibility of the neural system
is the ability of the brain to adapt to the lack or deterioration of sense
and the capability of the neural system to modify itself through
changing shape and function. Not only have studies revealed that
neuroplasticity does not end in childhood, but also they have proven
that it continues till the end of life and is not limited to the neural
system and covers the cognitive system as well. In the field of
cognition, neuroplasticity is defined as the ability to change old
thoughts according to new conditions and the individuals' differences
in using various styles of cognitive regulation inducing several social,
emotional and cognitive outcomes. This paper attempts to discuss and
define major theories and principles of neuroplasticity and elaborate
on nature or nurture.
Abstract: To study the effect of the cross direction in bead
wheat, three hybrid combinations (Babyle 113, Iratome), (Sawa,
Tamose2) and (Al Hashymya, Al Iraq) were tested for plant height,
spike and awn length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight,
number of tillers/m and grain yield. The results revealed that the
direction of the crosses significantly effect on the number of
grains/spike, number of tillers/m and grain yields. Grain yield was
positively and significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight,
number of grains per spike and tillers. Depend on the results of
heritability and genetic advance it was suggested that 1000-grain
weight, number of grains per spike and tillers should be given
emphasis for future wheat yield improvement programs.
Abstract: Considering palm oil as non-drying oil owing to its
low iodine value, an attempt was taken to increase the unsaturation in
the fatty acid chains of palm oil for the preparation of alkyds. To
increase the unsaturation in the palm oil, sulphuric acid (SA) and
para-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) was used prior to alcoholysis for
the dehydration process. The iodine number of the oil samples was
checked for the unsaturation measurement by Wijs method. Alkyd
resin was prepared using the dehydrated palm oil by following
alcoholysis and esterification reaction. To improve the film properties
0.5wt.% multi-wall carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs) were used to
manufacture polymeric film. The properties of the resins were
characterized by various physico-chemical properties such as density,
viscosity, iodine value, saponification value, etc. Structural
elucidation was confirmed by Fourier transform of infrared
spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance; surfaces of the
films were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscope.
In addition, pencil hardness and chemical resistivity was also
measured by using standard methods. The effect of enhancement of
the unsaturation in the fatty acid chain found significant and
motivational. The resin prepared with dehydrated palm oil showed
improved properties regarding hardness and chemical resistivity
testing. The incorporation of MWCNTs enhanced the thermal
stability and hardness of the films as well.
Abstract: Degradation of agricultural soils has increased rapidly
during the last 20 years due to the indiscriminate use of pesticides
and other anthropogenic activities. Currently, there is an urgent need
of soil restoration to increase agricultural production. Utilization of
sewage sludge or municipal solid waste is an important way to
recycle nutrient elements and improve soil quality. With these
amendments, nutrient availability in the aqueous phase might be
increased and production of healthier crops can be accomplished.
This research project aimed to achieve sustainable management of
tropical agricultural soils, specifically in Puerto Rico, through the
amendment of water treatment plant sludge’s. This practice avoids
landfill disposal of sewage sludge and at the same time results costeffective
practice for recycling solid waste residues. Coriander
sativum was cultivated in a compost-soil-sludge mixture at different
proportions. Results showed that Coriander grown in a mixture of
25% compost+50% Voladora soi+25% sludge had the best growth
and development. High chlorophyll content (33.01 ± 0.8) was
observed in Coriander plants cultivated in 25% compost+62.5%
Coloso soil+ 12.5% sludge compared to plants grown with no sludge
(32.59 ± 0.7). ICP-OES analysis showed variations in mineral
element contents (macro and micronutrients) in coriander plant
grown I soil amended with sludge and compost.
Abstract: In this study, the Compressive strength of concretes
made with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS),
Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Waste Glass
Powder (WGP) after they were exposed 7800C (exposure duration of
around 60 minutes) and then allowed to cool down gradually in the
furnace for about 280 minutes at water binder ratio of 0.50 was
investigated. GGBS, PFA, RHA and WGP were used to replace up to
20% Portland cement in the control concrete. Test for the
determination of workability, compressive strength and tensile
splitting strength of the concretes were carried out and the results
were compared with control concrete. The test results showed that the
compressive strength decreased by an average of around 30% after
the concretes were exposed to the heating and cooling scenario.
Abstract: The thermal control in many systems is widely
accomplished applying mixed convection process due to its low cost,
reliability and easy maintenance. Typical applications include the
aircraft electronic equipment, rotating-disc heat exchangers, turbo
machinery, and nuclear reactors, etc. Natural convection in an inclined
square enclosure heated via wall heater has been studied numerically.
Finite volume method is used for solving momentum and energy
equations in the form of stream function–vorticity. The right and left
walls are kept at a constant temperature, while the other parts are
adiabatic. The range of the inclination angle covers a whole revolution.
The method is validated for a vertical cavity. A general power law
dependence of the Nusselt number with respect to the Rayleigh
number with the coefficient and exponent as functions of the
inclination angle is presented. For a fixed Rayleigh number, the
inclination angle increases or decreases is found.
Abstract: Catalytic combustion of methane is imperative due to
stability of methane at low temperature. Methane (CH4), therefore,
remains unconverted in vehicle exhausts thereby causing greenhouse
gas GHG emission problem. In this study, heterogeneous catalysts of
palladium with bio-char (2 wt% Pd/Bc) and Al2O3 (2wt% Pd/ Al2O3)
supports were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and then
subsequently tested for catalytic combustion of CH4. Support-porous
heterogeneous catalytic combustion (HCC) material were selected
based on factors such as surface area, porosity, thermal stability,
thermal conductivity, reactivity with reactants or products, chemical
stability, catalytic activity, and catalyst life. Sustainable and
renewable support-material of bio-mass char derived from palm shell
waste material was compared with those from the conventional
support-porous materials. Kinetic rate of reaction was determined for
combustion of methane on Palladium (Pd) based catalyst with Al2O3
support and bio-char (Bc). Material characterization was done using
TGA, SEM, and BET surface area. The performance test was
accomplished using tubular quartz reactor with gas mixture ratio of
3% methane and 97% air. The methane porous-HCC conversion was
carried out using online gas analyzer connected to the reactor that
performed porous-HCC. BET surface area for prepared 2 wt% Pd/Bc
is smaller than prepared 2wt% Pd/ Al2O3 due to its low porosity
between particles. The order of catalyst activity based on kinetic rate
on reaction of catalysts in low temperature was 2wt%
Pd/Bc>calcined 2wt% Pd/ Al2O3> 2wt% Pd/ Al2O3>calcined 2wt%
Pd/Bc. Hence agro waste material can successfully be utilized as an
inexpensive catalyst support material for enhanced CH4 catalytic
combustion.
Abstract: Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
often experience social-communication difficulties that negatively
impact their social interactions with typical peers. However, unlike
other age and disability groups, there is little intervention research to
inform best practice for these students. One evidence-based strategy
for younger students with ASD is peer-mediated intervention (PMI).
PMI may be particularly promising for use with adolescents, as peers
are readily available and are natural experts for encouraging authentic
high school conversations. This paper provides a review of previous
research that evaluated the use of PMI to improve the socialcommunication
skills of students with ASD. Specific intervention
features associated with positive student outcomes are identified and
recommendations for future research are provided. Adolescents with
ASD are targeted due the critical importance of social conversation at
the high school level.
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the management and
development of forest tourism Kamchanoad. Ban Dung, Udon Thani
sustainability. Data were collected by means of qualitative research
including in-depth interviews, semi- structured, and then the data
were summarized and discussed in accordance with the objectives.
And make a presentation in the form of lectures. The target
population for the study consisted of 16 people, including
representatives from government agencies, community leaders and
the community. The results showed that Guidelines for the
Management and Development of Forest Tourism Kamchanoad
include management of buildings and infrastructure such as roads,
water, electricity, toilets. Other developments are the establishment
of a service center that provides information and resources to
facilitate tourists.; nature trails and informative signage to educate
visitors on the path to the jungle Kamchanoad; forest activities for
tourists who are interested only in occasional educational activities
such as vegetation, etc.; disseminating information on various aspects
of tourism through various channels in both Thailand and English, as
well as a web site to encourage community involvement in the
planning and management of tourism together with the care and
preservation of natural resources and preserving the local cultural
tourist area of Kamchanoad.
Abstract: To determine the potential of a low cost Irish
engineered timber product to replace high cost solid timber for use in
bending active structures such as gridshells a single Irish engineered
timber product in the form of orientated strand board (OSB) was
selected. A comparative study of OSB and solid timber was carried
out to determine the optimum properties that make a material suitable
for use in gridshells. Three parameters were identified to be relevant
in the selection of a material for gridshells. These three parameters
are the strength to stiffness ratio, the flexural stiffness of
commercially available sections, and the variability of material and
section properties. It is shown that when comparing OSB against
solid timber, OSB is a more suitable material for use in gridshells that
are at the smaller end of the scale and that have tight radii of
curvature. Typically, for solid timber materials, stiffness is used as an
indicator for strength and engineered timber is no different. Thus, low
flexural stiffness would mean low flexural strength. However, when
it comes to bending active gridshells, OSB offers a significant
advantage. By the addition of multiple layers, an increased section
size is created, thus endowing the structure with higher stiffness and
higher strength from initial low stiffness and low strength materials
while still maintaining tight radii of curvature. This allows OSB to
compete with solid timber on large scale gridshells. Additionally, a
preliminary sustainability study using a set of sustainability indicators
was carried out to determine the relative sustainability of building a
large-scale gridshell in Ireland with a primary focus on economic
viability but a mention is also given to social and environmental
aspects. For this, the Savill garden gridshell in the UK was used as
the functional unit with the sustainability of the structural roof
skeleton constructed from UK larch solid timber being compared
with the same structure using Irish OSB. Albeit that the advantages of
using commercially available OSB in a bending active gridshell are
marginal and limited to specific gridshell applications, further study
into an optimised engineered timber product is merited.