Abstract: The balancing numbers are natural numbers n satisfying
the Diophantine equation 1 + 2 + 3 + · · · + (n - 1) = (n + 1) +
(n + 2) + · · · + (n + r); r is the balancer corresponding to the
balancing number n.The nth balancing number is denoted by Bn
and the sequence {Bn}1
n=1 satisfies the recurrence relation Bn+1 =
6Bn-Bn-1. The balancing numbers posses some curious properties,
some like Fibonacci numbers and some others are more interesting.
This paper is a study of recurrent sequence {xn}1
n=1 satisfying the
recurrence relation xn+1 = Axn - Bxn-1 and possessing some
curious properties like the balancing numbers.
Abstract: The IFRS for Small and Medium-sized Entities
(SMEs) was issued in July 2009 and currently regulators are
considering various implementation strategies of this standard.
Romania is a member of the European Union since 2007, thus
accounting regulations were issued in order to ensure compliance
with the European Accounting Directives. As the European
Commission rejected recently the mandatory use of IFRS for SMEs,
regulatory bodies from the Member States have to decide if the
standard will affect or not the accounting practices of SMEs from
their countries. Recently IASB invited stakeholders to discuss the
revision of IFRS for SMEs. Empirical studies on the differences and
similarities between national standards and IFRS for SMEs could
inform decision makers on the actual level of convergence in
different countries. The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical
evidences on the convergence of the Romanian regulations with IFRS
for SMEs analyzing the results in the context of the last revisions
proposed to the EU Accounting Directives.
Abstract: This article first summarizes reasons why current approaches supporting Open Learning and Distance Education need to be complemented by tools permitting lecturers, researchers and students to cooperatively organize the semantic content of Learning related materials (courses, discussions, etc.) into a fine-grained shared semantic network. This first part of the article also quickly describes the approach adopted to permit such a collaborative work. Then, examples of such semantic networks are presented. Finally, an evaluation of the approach by students is provided and analyzed.
Abstract: An investigation of noise in a micro stepping motor is
considered to study in this article. Because of the trend towards higher
precision and more and more small 3C (including Computer,
Communication and Consumer Electronics) products, the micro
stepping motor is frequently used to drive the micro system or the
other 3C products. Unfortunately, noise in a micro stepped motor is
too large to accept by the customs. To depress the noise of a micro
stepped motor, the dynamic characteristics in this system must be
studied. In this article, a Visual Basic (VB) computer program speed
controlled micro stepped motor in a digital camera is investigated.
Karman KD2300-2S non-contract eddy current displacement sensor,
probe microphone, and HP 35670A analyzer are employed to analyze
the dynamic characteristics of vibration and noise in a motor. The
vibration and noise measurement of different type of bearings and
different treatment of coils are compared. The rotating components,
bearings, coil, etc. of the motor play the important roles in producing
vibration and noise. It is found that the noise will be depressed about
3~4 dB and 6~7 dB, when substitutes the copper bearing with plastic
one and coats the motor coil with paraffin wax, respectively.
Abstract: A comprehensive discussion of feasible strategies for sustainable energy supply is urgently needed to achieve a turnaround of the current energy situation. The necessary fundamentals required for the development of a long term energy vision are lacking to a great extent due to the absence of reasonable long term scenarios that fulfill the requirements of climate protection and sustainable energy use. The contribution of the study is based on a search for sustainable energy paths in the long run for Austria. The analysis makes use of secondary data predominantly. The measures developed to avoid CO2 emissions and other ecological risk factors vary to a great extent among all economic sectors. This is shown by the calculation of CO2 cost of abatement curves. In this study it is demonstrated that the most effective technical measures with the lowest CO2 abatement costs yield solutions to the current energy problems. Various scenarios are presented concerning the question how the technological and environmental options for a sustainable energy system for Austria could look like in the long run. It is shown how sustainable energy can be supplied even with today-s technological knowledge and options available. The scenarios developed include an evaluation of the economic costs and ecological impacts. The results are not only applicable to Austria but demonstrate feasible and cost efficient ways towards a sustainable future.
Abstract: To comply with the international human right
legislation concerning the freedom of movement, transport systems
are required to be made accessible in order that all citizens, regardless
of their physical condition, have equal possibilities to use them. In
Hungary, apparently there is a considerable default in the
improvement of accessible public transport. This study is aiming to
overview the current Hungarian situation and to reveal the reasons of
the deficiency. The result shows that in spite of the relatively
favourable juridical background linked to the accessibility needs and
to the rights of persons with disabilities there is a strong delay in
putting all in practice in the field of public transport. Its main reason
is the lack of financial resource and referring to this the lack of
creating mandatory regulations. In addition to this the proprietary
rights related to public transport are also variable, which also limits
the improvement possibilities. Consequently, first of all an accurate
and detailed regulatory procedure is expected to change the present
unfavourable situation and to create the conditions of the fast
realization, which is already behind time.
Abstract: The number of intrusions and attacks against critical
infrastructures and other information networks is increasing rapidly.
While there is no identified evidence that terrorist organizations are
currently planning a coordinated attack against the vulnerabilities of
computer systems and network connected to critical infrastructure,
and origins of the indiscriminate cyber attacks that infect computers
on network remain largely unknown. The growing trend toward the
use of more automated and menacing attack tools has also
overwhelmed some of the current methodologies used for tracking
cyber attacks. There is an ample possibility that this kind of cyber
attacks can be transform to cyberterrorism caused by illegal purposes.
Cyberterrorism is a matter of vital importance to national welfare.
Therefore, each countries and organizations have to take a proper
measure to meet the situation and consider effective legislation about
cyberterrorism.
Abstract: Even though most researchers would agree that in
symbiotic relationships, like the one between parent and child,
influences become reciprocal over time, empirical evidence
supporting this claim is limited. The aim of the current study was to
develop and test a model describing the reciprocal influence between
characteristics of the parent-child relationship, such as closeness and
conflict, and the child-s bullying and victimization experiences at
school. The study used data from the longitudinal Study of Early
Child-Care, conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development. The participants were dyads of early
adolescents (5th and 6th graders during the two data collection waves)
and their mothers (N=1364). Supporting our hypothesis, the findings
suggested a reciprocal association between bullying and positive
parenting, although this association was only significant for boys.
Victimization and positive parenting were not significantly
interrelated.
Abstract: In this paper, we have proposed a novel FinFET with
extended body under the poly gate, which is called EB-FinFET, and
its characteristic is demonstrated by using three-dimensional (3-D)
numerical simulation. We have analyzed and compared it with
conventional FinFET. The extended body height dependence on the
drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and subthreshold swing (S.S)
have been also investigated. According to the 3-D numerical
simulation, the proposed structure has a firm structure, an acceptable
short channel effect (SCE), a reduced series resistance, an increased
on state drain current (I
on) and a large normalized I
DS. Furthermore,
the structure can also improve corner effect and reduce self-heating
effect due to the extended body. Our results show that the EBFinFET
is excellent for nanoscale device.
Abstract: Currently, there has been a 3G mobile networks data
traffic explosion due to the large increase in the number of smartphone
users. Unlike a traditional wired infrastructure, 3G mobile networks
have limited wireless resources and signaling procedures for complex
wireless resource management. And mobile network security for
various abnormal and malicious traffic technologies was not ready. So
Malicious or potentially malicious traffic originating from mobile
malware infected smart devices can cause serious problems to the 3G
mobile networks, such as DoS and scanning attack in wired networks.
This paper describes the DoS security threat in the 3G mobile network
and proposes a detection technology.
Abstract: This paper presents development of an ignition system using spark electrodes for application in a research explosion vessel.
A single spark is aimed to be discharged with quantifiable ignition energy. The spark electrode system would enable study of flame
propagation, ignitability of fuel-air mixtures and other fundamental characteristics of flames. The principle of the capacitive spark circuit
of ASTM is studied to charge an appropriate capacitance connected across the spark gap through a large resistor by a high voltage from
the source of power supply until the initiation of spark. Different spark energies could be obtained mainly by varying the value of the
capacitance and the supply current. The spark sizes produced are found to be affected by the spark gap, electrode size, input voltage
and capacitance value.
Abstract: The current study begins with an awareness that
today-s media environment is characterized by technological
development and a new way of reading caused by the introduction of
the Internet. The researcher conducted a meta analysis framed within
Technological Determinism to investigate the process of hypertext
reading, its differences from linear reading and the effects such
differences can have on people-s ways of mentally structuring their
world. The relationship between literacy and the comprehension
achieved by reading hypertexts is also investigated. The results show
hypertexts are not always user friendly. People experience hyperlinks
as interruptions that distract their attention generating comprehension
and disorientation. On one hand hypertextual jumping reading
generates interruptions that finally make people lose their
concentration. On the other hand hypertexts fascinate people who
would rather read a document in such a format even though the
outcome is often frustrating and affects their ability to elaborate and
retain information.
Abstract: Nowadays, computer worms, viruses and Trojan horse
become popular, and they are collectively called malware. Those
malware just spoiled computers by deleting or rewriting important
files a decade ago. However, recent malware seems to be born to earn
money. Some of malware work for collecting personal information so
that malicious people can find secret information such as password for
online banking, evidence for a scandal or contact address which relates
with the target. Moreover, relation between money and malware
becomes more complex. Many kinds of malware bear bots to get
springboards. Meanwhile, for ordinary internet users,
countermeasures against malware come up against a blank wall.
Pattern matching becomes too much waste of computer resources,
since matching tools have to deal with a lot of patterns derived from
subspecies. Virus making tools can automatically bear subspecies of
malware. Moreover, metamorphic and polymorphic malware are no
longer special. Recently there appears malware checking sites that
check contents in place of users' PC. However, there appears a new
type of malicious sites that avoids check by malware checking sites. In
this paper, existing protocols and methods related with the web are
reconsidered in terms of protection from current attacks, and new
protocol and method are indicated for the purpose of security of the
web.
Abstract: Chaiyaphum Starch Co. Ltd. is one of many starch
manufacturers that has introduced machinery to aid in manufacturing.
Even though machinery has replaced many elements and is now a
significant part in manufacturing processes, problems that must be
solved with respect to current process flow to increase efficiency still
exist. The paper-s aim is to increase productivity while maintaining
desired quality of starch, by redesigning the flipping machine-s
mechanical control system which has grossly low functional lifetime.
Such problems stem from the mechanical control system-s bearings,
as fluids and humidity can access into said bearing directly, in
tandem with vibrations from the machine-s function itself. The wheel
which is used to sense starch thickness occasionally falls from its
shaft, due to high speed rotation during operation, while the shaft
may bend from impact when processing dried bread. Redesigning its
mechanical control system has increased its efficiency, allowing
quality thickness measurement while increasing functional lifetime
an additional 62 days.
Abstract: The availability of water in adequate quantity and
quality is imperative for sustainable development. Worldwide,
significant imbalance exists with regards to sustainable development
particularly from a water and sanitation perspective. Water is a
critical component of public health, and failure to supply safe water
will place a heavy burden on the entire population. Although the 21st
century has witnessed wealth and advanced development, it has not
been realized everywhere. Billions of people are still striving to
access the most basic human needs which are food, shelter, safe
drinking water and adequate sanitation. The global picture conceals
various inequalities particularly with regards to sanitation coverage in
rural and urban areas. Currently, water scarcity and in particular
water governance is the main challenge which will cause a threat to
sustainable development goals. Within the context of water,
sanitation and health, sustainable development is a confusing concept
primarily when examined from the viewpoint of policy options for
developing countries. This perspective paper aims to summarize and
critically evaluate evidence of published studies in relation to water,
sanitation and health and to identify relevant solutions to reduce
public health impacts. Evidently, improving water and sanitation
services will result in significant and lasting gains in health and
economic development.
Abstract: Educational reforms are focused point of different
nations. New reform movements generally claim that something is
wrong with the current state of affairs, and that the system is deficient in its goals, its accomplishments and it is accused not being
adopted into global changes all over the world. It is the same for
Turkish education system. It is considered those recent reforms of
teacher education in Turkey and the extent to which they reflect a
response to global economic pressures. The paper challenges the
view that such imposes are inevitable determinants of educational
policy and argues that any country will need to develop its own
national approach to modernizing teacher education in light of the
global context and its particular circumstances. It draws on the idea
of reflexive modernization developed by educators and discusses its
implications for teacher education policy. The paper deals with four
themes teacher education in last decade policy in Turkey; the shift
away from the educational disciplines, the shift towards school-based
approaches, and the emergence of more centralized forms of
accountability of teacher competence.
Abstract: This article presents the evolution and technological changes implemented on the full scale simulators developed by the Simulation Department of the Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas1 (Mexican Electric Research Institute) and located at different training centers around the Mexican territory, and allows US to know the last updates, basically from the input/output view point, of the current simulators at some facilities of the electrical sector as well as the compatible industry of the electrical manufactures and industries such as Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE*, The utility Mexican company). Tendencies of these developments and impact within the operators- scope are also presented.
Abstract: This paper presents two prototypes of low power low voltage current mode 9 bit pipelined a/d converters. The first and the second converters are configured of 1.5 bit and 2.5 bit stages, respectively. The a/d converter structures are composed of current mode building blocks and final comparator block which converts the analog current signal into digital voltage signal. All building blocks have been designed in CMOS AMS 0.35μm technology, then simulated to verify proposed concept. The performances of both converters are compared to performances of known current mode and voltage mode switched capacitance converter structures. Low power consumption and small chip area are advantages of the proposed converters.
Abstract: Various formal and informal brand alliances are being formed in professional service firms. Professional service corporate brand is heavily dependent on brands of professional employees who comprise them, and professional employee brands are in turn dependent on the corporate brand. Prior work provides limited scientific evidence of brand alliance effects in professional service area – i.e., how professional service corporate-employee brand allies are affected by an alliance, what are brand attitude effects after alliance formation and how these effects vary with different strengths of an ally. Scientific literature analysis and theoretical modeling are the main methods of the current study. As a result, a theoretical model is constructed for estimating spillover effects of professional service corporate-employee brand alliances and for comparison among different professional service firm expertise practice models – from “brains" to “procedure" model. The resulting theoretical model lays basis for future experimental studies.
Abstract: Measuring the complexity of software has been an
insoluble problem in software engineering. Complexity measures can
be used to predict critical information about testability, reliability,
and maintainability of software systems from automatic analysis of
the source code. During the past few years, many complexity
measures have been invented based on the emerging Cognitive
Informatics discipline. These software complexity measures,
including cognitive functional size, lend themselves to the approach
of the total cognitive weights of basic control structures such as loops
and branches. This paper shows that the current existing calculation
method can generate different results that are algebraically
equivalence. However, analysis of the combinatorial meanings of this
calculation method shows significant flaw of the measure, which also
explains why it does not satisfy Weyuker's properties. Based on the
findings, improvement directions, such as measures fusion, and
cumulative variable counting scheme are suggested to enhance the
effectiveness of cognitive complexity measures.