Theoretical Study on Torsional Strengthening of Multi-cell RC Box Girders
A new analytical method to predict the torsional
capacity and behavior of R.C multi-cell box girders strengthened with
carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets is presented.
Modification was done on the Softened Truss Model (STM) in the
proposed method; the concrete torsional problem is solved by
combining the equilibrium conditions, compatibility conditions and
constitutive laws of materials by taking into account the confinement
of concrete with CFRP sheets. A specific algorithm is developed to
predict the torsional behavior of reinforced concrete multi-cell box
girders with or without strengthening by CFRP sheets. Applications
of the developed method as an assessment tool to strengthened multicell
box girders with CFRP and first analytical example that
demonstrate the contribution of the CFRP materials on the torsional
response is also included.
[1] A.R. Zojaji, M.Z. Kabir ÔÇÿÔÇÿAnalytical approach for predicting full
torsional behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP
materials-- Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 19, pp.
51-63(2012).
[2] Jeng, C.H. and Hsu, T.T.C. ÔÇÿÔÇÿA softened membrane model for torsion in
reinforced concrete members--, Engineering Structures, 31(9), pp. 1944-
1954 (2009).
[3] Deifala, A.F. and Ghobarah, A. ÔÇÿÔÇÿSimplified analysis for torsionaly
strengthened RC beams using FRP--, in: Proceeding of the International
Symposium on Bond Behavior of FRP in Structures, BBFS 2005,
International Institute for FRP in construction (2005).
[4] Deifala, A.F. and Ghobarah, A. ÔÇÿÔÇÿFull torsional behavior of RC
beamswrapped with FRP: analytical model--, Composites for
Construction, 14(3), pp. 289-300 (2010).
[5] Chalioris, C. ÔÇÿÔÇÿTorsional strengthening of rectangular and flanged beams
using carbon fibre reinforced-polymersÔÇöexperimental study--,
Construction & Building Materials, 22(1), pp. 21-29 (2008).
[6] Chalioris, C. ÔÇÿÔÇÿAnalytical model for torsional behavior of reinforced
concrete beams retrofitted with FRP materials--, Engineering Structures,
29(12), pp. 3263-3276 (2007).
[7] Ameli, M., Ronagh, H.R. and Dux, P.F. ÔÇÿÔÇÿBehavior of FRP strengthened
reinforced concrete beams under torsion--, Composites for Construction,
11(2), pp. 192-200 (2007).
[8] Ameli, M. and Ronagh, H.R. ÔÇÿÔÇÿAnalytical method for evaluating
ultimate torque of FRP strengthened reinforced concrete beams--,
Composites for Construction, 11(4), pp. 384-390 (2007).
[9] Hii, A.K.Y. and Al-Mahaidi, R. ÔÇÿÔÇÿAn experimental and numerical
investigation on torsional strengthening of solid and box-section RC
beams using CFRP laminates--, Composite Structures, 75, pp. 213-221
(2006).
[10] FIB, ÔÇÿÔÇÿExternally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC structures--, CEBFIP,
Technical Report, 14, pp. 59-68 (2001).
[11] Allawi A. A. ÔÇÿÔÇÿNonlinear Analaysis Of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Strengthened By Cfrp In Torsion-- PhD thesis, University of Baghdad,
College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, 2006.
[12] Chung C. Fu and Daili Yang, ÔÇÿÔÇÿDesigns of Concrete Bridges with
Multiple Box Cells Due to Torsion Using Softened Truss Model--, ACI
Structural Journal, Technical Paper, Vol.94, No.6, Nov-Dec, pp 696-
702.
[13] Hsu, T. T. C., (1988) "Softening Truss Model Theory for Shear and
Torsion," ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 85, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 624-
635.
[14] Chung C. Fu and Daili Yang, ÔÇÿÔÇÿTorsional Analysis for Prestressed
Concrete Multiple Cell Box--, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol.
127, No. 1, January, 2001.
[15] Hsu, T. T. C., (1993) Unified Theory of Reinforced Concrete, CRC
Press, Inc., Florida.
[16] Belarbi, A. and Hsu, T.T.C. ÔÇÿÔÇÿConstitutive laws of softened concrete in
biaxial tension-compression--, ACI Structural Journal, 92(5), pp. 562-
573 (1995).
[17] Vintzileou, E. and Panagiotidou, E. ÔÇÿÔÇÿAn empirical model for predicting
the mechanical properties of FRP-confined concrete--, Construction &
Building Materials, 22(8), pp. 841-854 (2008).
[18] Triantafillou TC, Antonopoulos CP. ÔÇÿÔÇÿDesign of concrete flexural
members strengthened in shear with FRP--. Journal of Composites for
Construction 2000;4(4):198-205.
[19] Adrian K. Y. Hii1 and Riadh Al-Mahaidi, ÔÇÿÔÇÿTorsional Capacity of CFRP
Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams--. Journal of Composites for
Construction, January-February 2007.
[20] ACI 318-08: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (318-
08) and Commentary (318R-08). American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, MI., 391 pages, 2008.
[21] Sible F., Alex C. Scordelis ÔÇÿÔÇÿNonlinear Behaviour and Failure Analysis
of Multicell Reinforced Concrete Box Girder Bridges-- Canadian
Journal for Civil Engineering, Vol. 11, 1984.
[22] Meier U (1995) ÔÇÿStrengthening of structures using carbon fibre/epoxy
composites-, Construct Build Mater 9(6) 341-351.
[1] A.R. Zojaji, M.Z. Kabir ÔÇÿÔÇÿAnalytical approach for predicting full
torsional behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP
materials-- Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 19, pp.
51-63(2012).
[2] Jeng, C.H. and Hsu, T.T.C. ÔÇÿÔÇÿA softened membrane model for torsion in
reinforced concrete members--, Engineering Structures, 31(9), pp. 1944-
1954 (2009).
[3] Deifala, A.F. and Ghobarah, A. ÔÇÿÔÇÿSimplified analysis for torsionaly
strengthened RC beams using FRP--, in: Proceeding of the International
Symposium on Bond Behavior of FRP in Structures, BBFS 2005,
International Institute for FRP in construction (2005).
[4] Deifala, A.F. and Ghobarah, A. ÔÇÿÔÇÿFull torsional behavior of RC
beamswrapped with FRP: analytical model--, Composites for
Construction, 14(3), pp. 289-300 (2010).
[5] Chalioris, C. ÔÇÿÔÇÿTorsional strengthening of rectangular and flanged beams
using carbon fibre reinforced-polymersÔÇöexperimental study--,
Construction & Building Materials, 22(1), pp. 21-29 (2008).
[6] Chalioris, C. ÔÇÿÔÇÿAnalytical model for torsional behavior of reinforced
concrete beams retrofitted with FRP materials--, Engineering Structures,
29(12), pp. 3263-3276 (2007).
[7] Ameli, M., Ronagh, H.R. and Dux, P.F. ÔÇÿÔÇÿBehavior of FRP strengthened
reinforced concrete beams under torsion--, Composites for Construction,
11(2), pp. 192-200 (2007).
[8] Ameli, M. and Ronagh, H.R. ÔÇÿÔÇÿAnalytical method for evaluating
ultimate torque of FRP strengthened reinforced concrete beams--,
Composites for Construction, 11(4), pp. 384-390 (2007).
[9] Hii, A.K.Y. and Al-Mahaidi, R. ÔÇÿÔÇÿAn experimental and numerical
investigation on torsional strengthening of solid and box-section RC
beams using CFRP laminates--, Composite Structures, 75, pp. 213-221
(2006).
[10] FIB, ÔÇÿÔÇÿExternally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC structures--, CEBFIP,
Technical Report, 14, pp. 59-68 (2001).
[11] Allawi A. A. ÔÇÿÔÇÿNonlinear Analaysis Of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Strengthened By Cfrp In Torsion-- PhD thesis, University of Baghdad,
College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, 2006.
[12] Chung C. Fu and Daili Yang, ÔÇÿÔÇÿDesigns of Concrete Bridges with
Multiple Box Cells Due to Torsion Using Softened Truss Model--, ACI
Structural Journal, Technical Paper, Vol.94, No.6, Nov-Dec, pp 696-
702.
[13] Hsu, T. T. C., (1988) "Softening Truss Model Theory for Shear and
Torsion," ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 85, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 624-
635.
[14] Chung C. Fu and Daili Yang, ÔÇÿÔÇÿTorsional Analysis for Prestressed
Concrete Multiple Cell Box--, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol.
127, No. 1, January, 2001.
[15] Hsu, T. T. C., (1993) Unified Theory of Reinforced Concrete, CRC
Press, Inc., Florida.
[16] Belarbi, A. and Hsu, T.T.C. ÔÇÿÔÇÿConstitutive laws of softened concrete in
biaxial tension-compression--, ACI Structural Journal, 92(5), pp. 562-
573 (1995).
[17] Vintzileou, E. and Panagiotidou, E. ÔÇÿÔÇÿAn empirical model for predicting
the mechanical properties of FRP-confined concrete--, Construction &
Building Materials, 22(8), pp. 841-854 (2008).
[18] Triantafillou TC, Antonopoulos CP. ÔÇÿÔÇÿDesign of concrete flexural
members strengthened in shear with FRP--. Journal of Composites for
Construction 2000;4(4):198-205.
[19] Adrian K. Y. Hii1 and Riadh Al-Mahaidi, ÔÇÿÔÇÿTorsional Capacity of CFRP
Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams--. Journal of Composites for
Construction, January-February 2007.
[20] ACI 318-08: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (318-
08) and Commentary (318R-08). American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, MI., 391 pages, 2008.
[21] Sible F., Alex C. Scordelis ÔÇÿÔÇÿNonlinear Behaviour and Failure Analysis
of Multicell Reinforced Concrete Box Girder Bridges-- Canadian
Journal for Civil Engineering, Vol. 11, 1984.
[22] Meier U (1995) ÔÇÿStrengthening of structures using carbon fibre/epoxy
composites-, Construct Build Mater 9(6) 341-351.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:58326", author = "Abeer A. M. and Allawi A. A. and Chai H. K.", title = "Theoretical Study on Torsional Strengthening of Multi-cell RC Box Girders", abstract = "A new analytical method to predict the torsional
capacity and behavior of R.C multi-cell box girders strengthened with
carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets is presented.
Modification was done on the Softened Truss Model (STM) in the
proposed method; the concrete torsional problem is solved by
combining the equilibrium conditions, compatibility conditions and
constitutive laws of materials by taking into account the confinement
of concrete with CFRP sheets. A specific algorithm is developed to
predict the torsional behavior of reinforced concrete multi-cell box
girders with or without strengthening by CFRP sheets. Applications
of the developed method as an assessment tool to strengthened multicell
box girders with CFRP and first analytical example that
demonstrate the contribution of the CFRP materials on the torsional
response is also included.", keywords = "Carbon fiber reinforced polymer, Concrete torsion,
Modified Softened Truss Model, Multi-Cell box girder.", volume = "7", number = "2", pages = "150-8", }
