Performance of Flat Plate Loop Heat Pipe for Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery in Electric Vehicle Application
The development of electric vehicle batteries have
resulted in very high energy density lithium-ion batteries. However,
this progress is accompanied by the risk of thermal runaway, which
can result in serious accidents. Heat pipes are heat exchangers that
are suitable to be applied in electric vehicle battery thermal
management for their lightweight, compact size and do not require
external power supply. This paper aims to examine experimentally a
Flat Plate Loop Heat Pipe (FPLHP) performance as a heat exchanger
in thermal management system of lithium-ion battery for electric
vehicle application. The heat generation of the battery was simulated
using a cartridge heater. Stainless steel screen mesh was used as the
capillary wick. Distilled water, alcohol and acetone were used as
working fluids with a filling ratio of 60%. It was found that acetone
gives the best performance that produces thermal resistance of 0.22
W/°C with 50°C evaporator temperature at heat flux load of 1.61
W/cm2.
[1] K. Hedegaard, H. Ravn, N. Juul, and P. Meibom, "Effects of electric
vehicles on power systems in Northern Europe," Energy, vol. 48, pp.
356-368, 2012.
[2] L. Lu, X. Han, J. Li, J. Hua, and M. Ouyang, "A review on the key
issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles," Journal
of power sources, vol. 226, pp. 272-288, 2013.
[3] P. E. Ross, "Boeing's battery blues (News)," Spectrum, IEEE, vol. 50,
pp. 11-12, 2013.
[4] X. Duan and G. F. Naterer, "Heat transfer in phase change materials for
thermal management of electric vehicle battery modules," International
Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 53, pp. 5176-5182, 11// 2010.
[5] J. X. Weinert, A. F. Burke, and X. Wei, "Lead-acid and lithium-ion
batteries for the Chinese electric bike market and implications on future
technology advancement," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 172, pp. 938-
945, 10/25/ 2007.
[6] T.-H. Tran, S. Harmand, B. Desmet, and S. Filangi, "Experimental
investigation on the feasibility of heat pipe cooling for HEV/EV lithiumion
battery," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 63, pp. 551-558, 2014.
[7] Z. Rao, S. Wang, M. Wu, Z. Lin, and F. Li, "Experimental investigation
on thermal management of electric vehicle battery with heat pipe,"
Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 65, pp. 92-97, 1// 2013. [8] N. Putra, W. N. Septiadi, R. Sahmura, and C. T. Anggara, "Application
of Al2O3 Nanofluid on Sintered Copper-Powder Vapor Chamber for
Electronic Cooling," Advanced Materials Research, vol. 789, pp. 423-
428, 2013.
[9] N. Putra and F. N. Iskandar, "Application of nanofluids to a heat pipe
liquid-block and the thermoelectric cooling of electronic equipment,"
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 35, pp. 1274-1281, 2011.
[10] J.-C. Wang, "L-type heat pipes application in electronic cooling system,"
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 50, pp. 97-105, 2011.
[11] Y.-C. Weng, H.-P. Cho, C.-C. Chang, and S.-L. Chen, "Heat pipe with
PCM for electronic cooling," Applied Energy, vol. 88, pp. 1825-1833,
2011.
[12] B. Chen, W. Liu, Z. Liu, H. Li, and J. Yang, "Experimental investigation
of loop heat pipe with flat evaporator using biporous wick," Applied
Thermal Engineering, vol. 42, pp. 34-40, 2012.
[13] B. Chen, Z. Liu, W. Liu, J. Yang, H. Li, and D. Wang, "Operational
characteristics of two biporous wicks used in loop heat pipe with flat
evaporator," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55,
pp. 2204-2207, 2012.
[14] X. Lu and J.-J. Wei, "Experimental study on a novel loop heat pipe with
both flat evaporator and boiling pool," International Journal of Heat and
Mass Transfer, vol. 79, pp. 54-63, 2014.
[15] Q. Wang, B. Jiang, Q. Xue, H. Sun, B. Li, H. Zou, et al., "Experimental
investigation on EV battery cooling and heating by heat pipes," Applied
Thermal Engineering, 2014.
[16] M. M. Thackeray, J. O. Thomas, and M. S. Whittingham, "Science and
applications of mixed conductors for lithium batteries," MRS bulletin,
vol. 25, pp. 39-46, 2000.
[17] Y. Maydanik, S. Vershinin, M. Chernysheva, and S. Yushakova,
"Investigation of a compact copper–water loop heap pipe with a flat
evaporator," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 31, pp. 3533-3541,
2011.
[18] D. Wang, Z. Liu, J. Shen, C. Jiang, B. Chen, J. Yang, et al.,
"Experimental study of the loop heat pipe with a flat disk-shaped
evaporator," Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 57, pp. 157-
164, 2014.
[19] Y. Wang and K. Vafai, "Transient characterization of flat plate heat
pipes during startup and shut down operations," International Journal of
Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 43, pp. 2641-2655, 2000.
[1] K. Hedegaard, H. Ravn, N. Juul, and P. Meibom, "Effects of electric
vehicles on power systems in Northern Europe," Energy, vol. 48, pp.
356-368, 2012.
[2] L. Lu, X. Han, J. Li, J. Hua, and M. Ouyang, "A review on the key
issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles," Journal
of power sources, vol. 226, pp. 272-288, 2013.
[3] P. E. Ross, "Boeing's battery blues (News)," Spectrum, IEEE, vol. 50,
pp. 11-12, 2013.
[4] X. Duan and G. F. Naterer, "Heat transfer in phase change materials for
thermal management of electric vehicle battery modules," International
Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 53, pp. 5176-5182, 11// 2010.
[5] J. X. Weinert, A. F. Burke, and X. Wei, "Lead-acid and lithium-ion
batteries for the Chinese electric bike market and implications on future
technology advancement," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 172, pp. 938-
945, 10/25/ 2007.
[6] T.-H. Tran, S. Harmand, B. Desmet, and S. Filangi, "Experimental
investigation on the feasibility of heat pipe cooling for HEV/EV lithiumion
battery," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 63, pp. 551-558, 2014.
[7] Z. Rao, S. Wang, M. Wu, Z. Lin, and F. Li, "Experimental investigation
on thermal management of electric vehicle battery with heat pipe,"
Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 65, pp. 92-97, 1// 2013. [8] N. Putra, W. N. Septiadi, R. Sahmura, and C. T. Anggara, "Application
of Al2O3 Nanofluid on Sintered Copper-Powder Vapor Chamber for
Electronic Cooling," Advanced Materials Research, vol. 789, pp. 423-
428, 2013.
[9] N. Putra and F. N. Iskandar, "Application of nanofluids to a heat pipe
liquid-block and the thermoelectric cooling of electronic equipment,"
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 35, pp. 1274-1281, 2011.
[10] J.-C. Wang, "L-type heat pipes application in electronic cooling system,"
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 50, pp. 97-105, 2011.
[11] Y.-C. Weng, H.-P. Cho, C.-C. Chang, and S.-L. Chen, "Heat pipe with
PCM for electronic cooling," Applied Energy, vol. 88, pp. 1825-1833,
2011.
[12] B. Chen, W. Liu, Z. Liu, H. Li, and J. Yang, "Experimental investigation
of loop heat pipe with flat evaporator using biporous wick," Applied
Thermal Engineering, vol. 42, pp. 34-40, 2012.
[13] B. Chen, Z. Liu, W. Liu, J. Yang, H. Li, and D. Wang, "Operational
characteristics of two biporous wicks used in loop heat pipe with flat
evaporator," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55,
pp. 2204-2207, 2012.
[14] X. Lu and J.-J. Wei, "Experimental study on a novel loop heat pipe with
both flat evaporator and boiling pool," International Journal of Heat and
Mass Transfer, vol. 79, pp. 54-63, 2014.
[15] Q. Wang, B. Jiang, Q. Xue, H. Sun, B. Li, H. Zou, et al., "Experimental
investigation on EV battery cooling and heating by heat pipes," Applied
Thermal Engineering, 2014.
[16] M. M. Thackeray, J. O. Thomas, and M. S. Whittingham, "Science and
applications of mixed conductors for lithium batteries," MRS bulletin,
vol. 25, pp. 39-46, 2000.
[17] Y. Maydanik, S. Vershinin, M. Chernysheva, and S. Yushakova,
"Investigation of a compact copper–water loop heap pipe with a flat
evaporator," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 31, pp. 3533-3541,
2011.
[18] D. Wang, Z. Liu, J. Shen, C. Jiang, B. Chen, J. Yang, et al.,
"Experimental study of the loop heat pipe with a flat disk-shaped
evaporator," Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 57, pp. 157-
164, 2014.
[19] Y. Wang and K. Vafai, "Transient characterization of flat plate heat
pipes during startup and shut down operations," International Journal of
Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 43, pp. 2641-2655, 2000.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:70631", author = "Bambang Ariantara and Nandy Putra and Rangga Aji Pamungkas", title = "Performance of Flat Plate Loop Heat Pipe for Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery in Electric Vehicle Application", abstract = "The development of electric vehicle batteries have
resulted in very high energy density lithium-ion batteries. However,
this progress is accompanied by the risk of thermal runaway, which
can result in serious accidents. Heat pipes are heat exchangers that
are suitable to be applied in electric vehicle battery thermal
management for their lightweight, compact size and do not require
external power supply. This paper aims to examine experimentally a
Flat Plate Loop Heat Pipe (FPLHP) performance as a heat exchanger
in thermal management system of lithium-ion battery for electric
vehicle application. The heat generation of the battery was simulated
using a cartridge heater. Stainless steel screen mesh was used as the
capillary wick. Distilled water, alcohol and acetone were used as
working fluids with a filling ratio of 60%. It was found that acetone
gives the best performance that produces thermal resistance of 0.22
W/°C with 50°C evaporator temperature at heat flux load of 1.61
W/cm2.", keywords = "Electric vehicle, flat plate loop heat pipe, lithium-ion
battery, thermal management system.", volume = "9", number = "10", pages = "1701-5", }
