Abstract: Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are reviewed
in this work. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved
analytically. The Mathematical derivation shows that the solutions
for the zero and constant pressure gradients are similar. Descriptions
of the proposed formulation and validation against two laminar
experiments and three different turbulent flow cases are reported in
this paper. Even though, the analytical solution is derived for nonreacting
flows, it could reproduce trends for cases including
combustion.
Abstract: The proximate composition, physical traits and
sensory properties of beef and chicken patties incorporated with
various level of dried cornsilk (Maydis stigma) were studied. The
beef and chicken patties were formulated with either 2%, 4% or 6%
of cornsilk. Both cooked beef and chicken patties incorporated with
6% cornsilk recorded the highest protein concentration at 23.3% and
28.42%, respectively. Both cooked beef and chicken patties
containing 6% cornsilk significantly recorded the lowest
concentration of fat at 11.4% and 14.60%, respectively. Beef and
chicken patties formulated with 6% cornsilk recorded the highest
cooking yield at 80.13% and 83.03% compared to other treatments.
The inclusion of cornsilk did not change the sensory properties and
consumer acceptability of cornsilk-based beef and chicken patties.
Cornsilk fibre has been effective in improving cooking yield,
moisture and fat retention of beef and chicken patties
Abstract: Discussion and development of principles of the
uniform nation formation within the limits of the Kazakhstan state
obviously became one of the most pressing questions of the day. The
fact that this question has not been solved "from above" as many
other questions has caused really brisk discussion, shows us increase
of civil consciousness in Kazakhstan society, and also the actuality of
this theme which can be carried in the category of fatal questions. In
any sense, nation building has raised civil society to a much higher
level. It would be better to begin with certain definitions. First is the
word "nation". The second is the "state". Both of these terms are very
closely connected with each other, so that in English language they
are in general synonyms. In Russian more shades of these terms
exist. For example in Kazakhstan the citizens of the country
irrespective of nationality (but mainly with reference to non-kazakhs)
are called «kazakhstanians», while the name of the title nation is
\"Kazakhs\". The same we can see in Russia, where, for example, the
Chechen or the Yakut –are \"Rossiyane\" which means “the citizens
of Russian Federation, but not \"Russians\".
The paper was written under the research project “Islam in modern
Kazakhstan: the nature and outcome of the religious revival”.
Abstract: In Image processing the Image compression can improve
the performance of the digital systems by reducing the cost and
time in image storage and transmission without significant reduction
of the Image quality. This paper describes hardware architecture of
low complexity Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) architecture for
image compression[6]. In this DCT architecture, common computations
are identified and shared to remove redundant computations
in DCT matrix operation. Vector processing is a method used for
implementation of DCT. This reduction in computational complexity
of 2D DCT reduces power consumption. The 2D DCT is performed
on 8x8 matrix using two 1-Dimensional Discrete cosine transform
blocks and a transposition memory [7]. Inverse discrete cosine
transform (IDCT) is performed to obtain the image matrix and
reconstruct the original image. The proposed image compression
algorithm is comprehended using MATLAB code. The VLSI design
of the architecture is implemented Using Verilog HDL. The proposed
hardware architecture for image compression employing DCT was
synthesized using RTL complier and it was mapped using 180nm
standard cells. . The Simulation is done using Modelsim. The
simulation results from MATLAB and Verilog HDL are compared.
Detailed analysis for power and area was done using RTL compiler
from CADENCE. Power consumption of DCT core is reduced to
1.027mW with minimum area[1].
Abstract: The design of technological procedures for
manufacturing certain products demands the definition and
optimization of technological process parameters. Their
determination depends on the model of the process itself and its
complexity. Certain processes do not have an adequate mathematical
model, thus they are modeled using heuristic methods. First part of
this paper presents a state of the art of using soft computing
techniques in manufacturing processes from the perspective of
applicability in modern CAx systems. Methods of artificial
intelligence which can be used for this purpose are analyzed. The
second part of this paper shows some of the developed models of
certain processes, as well as their applicability in the actual
calculation of parameters of some technological processes within the
design system from the viewpoint of productivity.
Abstract: This paper addresses functional projective lag synchronization of Lorenz system with four unknown parameters, where the output of the master system lags behind the output of the slave system proportionally. For this purpose, an adaptive control law is proposed to make the states of two identical Lorenz systems asymptotically synchronize up. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a novel criterion is given for asymptotical stability of the null solution of an error dynamics. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of our results.
Abstract: Omni directional mobile robots have been popularly
employed in several applications especially in soccer player robots
considered in Robocup competitions. However, Omni directional
navigation system, Omni-vision system and solenoid kicking
mechanism in such mobile robots have not ever been combined. This
situation brings the idea of a robot with no head direction into
existence, a comprehensive Omni directional mobile robot. Such a
robot can respond more quickly and it would be capable for more
sophisticated behaviors with multi-sensor data fusion algorithm for
global localization base on the data fusion. This paper has tried to
focus on the research improvements in the mechanical, electrical and
software design of the robots of team ADRO Iran. The main
improvements are the world model, the new strategy framework,
mechanical structure, Omni-vision sensor for object detection, robot
path planning, active ball handling mechanism and the new kicker
design, , and other subjects related to mobile robot
Abstract: The implicit block methods based on the backward
differentiation formulae (BDF) for the solution of stiff initial value
problems (IVPs) using variable step size is derived. We construct a
variable step size block methods which will store all the coefficients
of the method with a simplified strategy in controlling the step size
with the intention of optimizing the performance in terms of
precision and computation time. The strategy involves constant,
halving or increasing the step size by 1.9 times the previous step size.
Decision of changing the step size is determined by the local
truncation error (LTE). Numerical results are provided to support the
enhancement of method applied.
Abstract: Most often the contaminants are not taken seriously into consideration, and this behavior comes out directly from the lack of monitoring and professional reporting about pollution in the printing facilities in Serbia. The goal of planned and systematic ozone measurements in ambient air of the screen printing facilities in Novi Sad is to examine of its impact on the employees health, and to track trends in concentration. In this study, ozone concentrations were determined by using discontinuous and continuous method during the automatic and manual screen printing process. Obtained results indicates that the average concentrations of ozone measured during the automatic process were almost 3 to 28 times higher for discontinuous and 10 times higher for continuous method (1.028 ppm) compared to the values prescribed by OSHA. In the manual process, average concentrations of ozone were within prescribed values for discontinuous and almost 3 times higher for continuous method (0.299 ppm).
Abstract: In this paper, we consider a multi user multiple input
multiple output (MU-MIMO) based cooperative reporting system for
cognitive radio network. In the reporting network, the secondary
users forward the primary user data to the common fusion center
(FC). The FC is equipped with linear equalizers and an energy
detector to make the decision about the spectrum. The primary user
data are considered to be a digital video broadcasting - terrestrial
(DVB-T) signal. The sensing channel and the reporting channel are
assumed to be an additive white Gaussian noise and an independent
identically distributed Raleigh fading respectively. We analyzed the
detection probability of MU-MIMO system with linear equalizers and
arrived at the closed form expression for average detection
probability. Also the system performance is investigated under
various MIMO scenarios through Monte Carlo simulations.
Abstract: Speckle noise affects all coherent imaging systems
including medical ultrasound. In medical images, noise suppression
is a particularly delicate and difficult task. A tradeoff between noise
reduction and the preservation of actual image features has to be made
in a way that enhances the diagnostically relevant image content.
Even though wavelets have been extensively used for denoising
speckle images, we have found that denoising using contourlets gives
much better performance in terms of SNR, PSNR, MSE, variance and
correlation coefficient. The objective of the paper is to determine the
number of levels of Laplacian pyramidal decomposition, the number
of directional decompositions to perform on each pyramidal level and
thresholding schemes which yields optimal despeckling of medical
ultrasound images, in particular. The proposed method consists of the
log transformed original ultrasound image being subjected to contourlet
transform, to obtain contourlet coefficients. The transformed
image is denoised by applying thresholding techniques on individual
band pass sub bands using a Bayes shrinkage rule. We quantify the
achieved performance improvement.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach for optimal
reconfiguration of radial distribution systems. Optimal
reconfiguration involves the selection of the best set of branches to
be opened, one each from each loop, such that the resulting radial
distribution system gets the desired performance. In this paper an
algorithm is proposed based on simple heuristic rules and identified
an effective switch status configuration of distribution system for the
minimum loss reduction. This proposed algorithm consists of two
parts; one is to determine the best switching combinations in all loops
with minimum computational effort and the other is simple optimum
power loss calculation of the best switching combination found in
part one by load flows. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed
algorithm, computer simulations are carried out on 33-bus system.
The results show that the performance of the proposed method is
better than that of the other methods.
Abstract: Mercury is a natural occurring element and present in
various concentrations in the environment. Due to its toxic effects, it
is desirable to research mercury sensitive materials to adsorb
mercury. This paper describes the preparation of Au nanoparticles for
mercury adsorption by using a microwave (MW)-polyol method in
the presence of three different Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
concentrations (10, 20 and 30 mM). Mixtures of spherical, triangular,
octahedral, decahedral particles and 1-D product were obtained using
this rapid method. Sizes and shapes was found strongly depend on the
concentrations of NaCl. Without NaCl concentration, spherical,
triangular plates, octahedral, decahedral nanoparticles and 1D
product were produced. At the lower NaCl concentration (10 mM),
spherical, octahedral and decahedral nanoparticles were present,
while spherical and decahedral nanoparticles were preferentially form
by using 20 mM of NaCl concentration. Spherical, triangular plates,
octahedral and decahedral nanoparticles were obtained at the highest
NaCl concentration (30 mM). The amount of mercury adsorbed using
20 ppm mercury solution is the highest (67.5 %) for NaCl
concentration of 30 mM. The high yield of polygonal particles will
increase the mercury adsorption. In addition, the adsorption of
mercury is also due to the sizes of the particles. The sizes of particles
become smaller with increasing NaCl concentrations (size ranges, 5-
16 nm) than those synthesized without addition of NaCl (size ranges
11-32 nm). It is concluded that NaCl concentrations affects the
formation of sizes and shapes of Au nanoparticles thus affects the
mercury adsorption.
Abstract: Cryptography, Image watermarking and E-banking are
filled with apparent oxymora and paradoxes. Random sequences are
used as keys to encrypt information to be used as watermark during
embedding the watermark and also to extract the watermark during
detection. Also, the keys are very much utilized for 24x7x365
banking operations. Therefore a deterministic random sequence is
very much useful for online applications. In order to obtain the same
random sequence, we need to supply the same seed to the generator.
Many researchers have used Deterministic Random Number
Generators (DRNGs) for cryptographic applications and Pseudo
Noise Random sequences (PNs) for watermarking. Even though,
there are some weaknesses in PN due to attacks, the research
community used it mostly in digital watermarking. On the other hand,
DRNGs have not been widely used in online watermarking due to its
computational complexity and non-robustness. Therefore, we have
invented a new design of generating DRNG using Pi-series to make it
useful for online Cryptographic, Digital watermarking and Banking
applications.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect
of the rearing system on growth performance, carcass yield,
hematological parameters, and feather pecking damage of Thai
indigenous chickens. Three hundred and sixty 1-d-old chicks were
randomly assigned to 2 treatments: indoor treatment and outdoor
access treatment. In the indoor treatment, the chickens were housed
in floor pens (5 birds/m2). In the outdoor access treatment, the
chickens were housed in a similar indoor house; in addition, they also
had an outdoor grass paddock (1 bird/m2). All birds were provided
with same diet and were raised for 16 wk of age. The results showed
that growth performance and carcass yield were not different among
treatment (P>0.05). Outdoor access had no effect on hematological
parameters (P>0.05). However, the feather pecking damage of the
chickens in the outdoor access treatment was lower than that of the
chickens in the indoor treatment (P
Abstract: The concept of e-Learning is now emerging in Sub Saharan African countries like Tanzania. Due to economic constraints and other social and cultural factors faced by these countries, the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is increasing at a very low pace. The digital divide threat has propelled the Government of Tanzania to put in place the national ICT Policy in 2003 which defines the direction of all ICT activities nationally. Among the main focused areas is the use of ICT in education, since for the development of any country, there is a need of creating knowledge based society. This paper discusses the initiatives made so far to introduce the use of ICT tools to some secondary schools using open source software in e-content development to facilitate a self-learning environment
Abstract: We analyze the effectivity of different pseudo noise (PN) and orthogonal sequences for encrypting speech signals in terms of perceptual intelligence. Speech signal can be viewed as sequence of correlated samples and each sample as sequence of bits. The residual intelligibility of the speech signal can be reduced by removing the correlation among the speech samples. PN sequences have random like properties that help in reducing the correlation among speech samples. The mean square aperiodic auto-correlation (MSAAC) and the mean square aperiodic cross-correlation (MSACC) measures are used to test the randomness of the PN sequences. Results of the investigation show the effectivity of large Kasami sequences for this purpose among many PN sequences.
Abstract: The optical properties of InGaN/GaN laser diode based on quaternary alloys stopper and superlattice layers are numerically studied using ISE TCAD (Integrated System Engineering) simulation program. Improvements in laser optical performance have been achieved using quaternary alloy as superlattice layers in InGaN/GaN laser diodes. Lower threshold current of 18 mA and higher output power and slope efficiency of 22 mW and 1.6 W/A, respectively, at room temperature have been obtained. The laser structure with InAlGaN quaternary alloys as an electron blocking layer was found to provide better laser performance compared with the ternary AlxGa1-xN blocking layer.
Abstract: In the current study, we have conducted an experimental investigation on the utilization of electronic arc furnace (EAF) reducing slag for the absorption of CO2 via wet grinding method. It was carried out by various grinding conditions. The slag was ground in the vibrating ball mill in the presence of CO2 and pure water under ambient temperature. The reaction behavior was monitored with constant pressure method, and the changes of experimental systems volume as a function of grinding time were measured. It was found that the CO2 absorption occurred as soon as the grinding started. The CO2 absorption was significantly increased in the case of wet grinding compare to the dry grinding. Generally, the amount of CO2 absorption increased as the amount of water, weight of slag and initial pressure increased. However, it was decreased when the amount of water exceeds 200ml and when smaller balls were used. The absorption of CO2 occurred simultaneously with the start of the grinding and it stopped when the grinding was stopped. According to this research, the CO2 reacted with the CaO inside the slag, forming CaCO3.
Abstract: The growing importance of sustainability in corporate
policies represents a great opportunity for workers to gain more
consideration, with great benefits to their well being. Sustainable
work is believed to be one which improves the organization-s
performance and fosters professional development as well as
workers- health. In a multiple case study based on document
research, information was sought about work activities and their
sustainability or corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies, as
disseminated by corporations. All the companies devoted attention to
work activities and delivered a good amount of information about
them. Nevertheless, the information presented was generic; all the
actions developed were top-down and there was no information about
the impact of changes aimed at sustainability on the workers-
activities. It was found that the companies seemed to be at an early
stage. In the future, they need to show more commitment through
concrete goals: they must be aware that workers contribute directly to
the corporations- sustainability. This would allow room for
Ergonomics and Work Psychodynamics to be incorporated and to be
useful for both companies and society, so as to promote and ensure
work sustainability.