Abstract: Two seperate experiments by barley and alfalfa were
conducted to a 2×8 factorial completely randomised design, with four
replicates. Factors were inoculation (M) with Gomus mosseae or uninoculation
(M0) and seven levels of contaminants (Co, Cd, Pb and
combinations) plus an uncontaminated control treatment (C). Heavy
metals in plant tissues and soil were quantified by Inductively
Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) (Variant-
Liberty 150AX Turbo). Phytoextraction coefficient of contaminants
calculated by concentration of heavy metals in the shoot (mgkg-1) /
concentration of heavy metals in soil (mgkg-1). In the barley, the
highest rate of phytoextraction coefficient of Pb, Cd and Co was in
M0Pb, M0PbCoCd and MCo, respectively (P
Abstract: Artemia is one of the most conspicuous invertebrates
associated with aquaculture. It can be considered as a model
organism, offering numerous advantages for comprehensive and
multidisciplinary studies using morphologic or molecular methods.
Since DNA extraction is an important step of any molecular
experiment, a new and a rapid method of DNA extraction from adult
Artemia was described in this study. Besides, the efficiency of this
technique was compared with two widely used alternative techniques,
namely Chelex® 100 resin and SDS-chloroform methods. Data
analysis revealed that the new method is the easiest and the most cost
effective method among the other methods which allows a quick and
efficient extraction of DNA from the adult animal.
Abstract: Dengue, a disease found in most tropical and
subtropical areas of the world. It has become the most common
arboviral disease of humans. This disease is caused by any of four
serotypes of dengue virus (DEN1-DEN4). In many endemic
countries, the average age of getting dengue infection is shifting
upwards, dengue in pregnancy and infancy are likely to be
encountered more frequently. The dynamics of the disease is studied
by a compartmental model involving ordinary differential equations
for the pregnant, infant human and the vector populations. The
stability of each equilibrium point is given. The epidemic dynamic is
discussed. Moreover, the numerical results are shown for difference
values of dengue antibody.
Abstract: Calcium is very important for communication among
the neurons. It is vital in a number of cell processes such as secretion,
cell movement, cell differentiation. To reduce the system of reactiondiffusion
equations of [Ca2+] into a single equation, two theories
have been proposed one is excess buffer approximation (EBA) other
is rapid buffer approximation (RBA). The RBA is more realistic than
the EBA as it considers both the mobile and stationary endogenous
buffers. It is valid near the mouth of the channel. In this work we have
studied the effects of different types of buffers on calcium diffusion
under RBA. The novel thing studied is the effect of sodium ions on
calcium diffusion. The model has been made realistic by considering
factors such as variable [Ca2+], [Na+] sources, sodium-calcium
exchange protein(NCX), Sarcolemmal Calcium ATPase pump. The
proposed mathematical leads to a system of partial differential equations
which has been solved numerically to study the relationships
between different parameters such as buffer concentration, buffer
disassociation rate, calcium permeability. We have used Forward
Time Centred Space (FTCS) approach to solve the system of partial
differential equations.
Abstract: Attempts to add fibre and polyphenols (PPs) into
popular beverages present challenges related to the properties of
finished products such as smoothies. Consumer acceptability,
viscosity and phenolic composition of smoothies containing high
levels of fruit fibre (2.5-7.5 g per 300 mL serve) and PPs (250-750
mg per 300 mL serve) were examined. The changes in total
extractable PP, vitamin C content, and colour of selected smoothies
over a storage stability trial (4°C, 14 days) were compared. A set of
acidic aqueous model beverages were prepared to further examine
the effect of two different heat treatments on the stability and
extractability of PPs. Results show that overall consumer
acceptability of high fibre and PP smoothies was low, with average
hedonic scores ranging from 3.9 to 6.4 (on a 1-9 scale). Flavour,
texture and overall acceptability decreased as fibre and polyphenol
contents increased, with fibre content exerting a stronger effect.
Higher fibre content resulted in greater viscosity, with an elevated PP
content increasing viscosity only slightly. The presence of fibre also
aided the stability and extractability of PPs after heating. A reduction
of extractable PPs, vitamin C content and colour intensity of
smoothies was observed after a 14-day storage period at 4°C. Two
heat treatments (75°C for 45 min or 85°C for 1 min) that are
normally used for beverage production, did not cause significant
reduction of total extracted PPs. It is clear that high levels of added
fibre and PPs greatly influence the consumer appeal of smoothies,
suggesting the need to develop novel formulation and processing
methods if a satisfactory functional beverage is to be developed
incorporating these ingredients.
Abstract: Nowadays Multilevel inverters are widely using in various applications. Modulation strategy at fundamental switching frequency like, SHEPWM is prominent technique to eliminate lower order of harmonics with less switching losses and better harmonic profile. The equations which are formed by SHE are highly nonlinear transcendental in nature, there may exist single, multiple or even no solutions for a particular MI. However, some loads such as electrical drives, it is required to operate in whole range of MI. In order to solve SHE equations for whole range of MI, intelligent techniques are well suited to solve equations so as to produce lest %THDV. Hence, this paper uses Continuous genetic algorithm for minimising harmonics. This paper also presents wavelet based analysis of harmonics. The developed algorithm is simulated and %THD from FFT analysis and Wavelet analysis are compared. MATLAB programming environment and SIMULINK models are used whenever necessary.
Abstract: In this paper, a Neural Network based predictive
DTC algorithm is proposed .This approach is used as an
alternative to classical approaches .An appropriate riate Feed -
forward network is chosen and based on its value of
derivative electromagnetic torque ; optimal stator voltage
vector is determined to be applied to the induction motor (by
inverter). Moreover, an appropriate torque and flux observer
is proposed.
Abstract: Graph decompositions are vital in the study of
combinatorial design theory. A decomposition of a graph G is a
partition of its edge set. An n-sun graph is a cycle Cn with an edge
terminating in a vertex of degree one attached to each vertex. In this
paper, we define n-sun decomposition of some even order graphs
with a perfect matching. We have proved that the complete graph
K2n, complete bipartite graph K2n, 2n and the Harary graph H4, 2n have
n-sun decompositions. A labeling scheme is used to construct the n-suns.
Abstract: This paper present a new way to find the aerodynamic
characteristic equation of missile for the numerical trajectories
prediction more accurate. The goal is to obtain the polynomial
equation based on two missile characteristic parameters, angle of
attack (α ) and flight speed (ν ). First, the understudied missile is
modeled and used for flow computational model to compute
aerodynamic force and moment. Assume that performance range of
understudied missile where range -10< α
Abstract: In this investigation, anatase TiO2 thin films were
grown by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on glass substrates at
a high sputtering pressure and room temperature. The anatase films
were then annealed at 300-600 °C in air for a period of 1 hour. To
examine the structure and morphology of the films, X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods were used
respectively. From X-ray diffraction patterns of the TiO2 films, it was
found that the as-deposited film showed some differences compared
with the annealed films and the intensities of the peaks of the
crystalline phase increased with the increase of annealing
temperature. From AFM images, the distinct variations in the
morphology of the thin films were also observed. The optical
constants were characterized using the transmission spectra of the
films obtained by UV-VIS-IR spectrophotometer. Besides, optical
thickness of the film deposited at room temperature was calculated
and cross-checked by taking a cross-sectional image through SEM.
The optical band gaps were evaluated through Tauc model. It was
observed that TiO2 films produced at room temperatures exhibited
high visible transmittance and transmittance decreased slightly with
the increase of annealing temperatures. The films were found to be
crystalline having anatase phase. The refractive index of the films
was found from 2.31-2.35 in the visible range. The extinction
coefficient was nearly zero in the visible range and was found to
increase with annealing temperature. The allowed indirect optical
band gap of the films was estimated to be in the range from 3.39 to
3.42 eV which showed a small variation. The allowed direct band
gap was found to increase from 3.67 to 3.72 eV. The porosity was
also found to decrease at a higher annealing temperature making the
film compact and dense.
Abstract: This paper presents the theoretical investigation of a
slotted patch antenna. The main objective of proposed work is to
obtain a large bandwidth antenna with reduced size. The antenna has
a compact size of 21.1mm x 20.25mm x 8.5mm. Two designs with
minor variation are studied which provide wide impedance
bandwidths of 24.056% and 25.63% respectively with the use of
parasitic elements when excited by a probe feed. The advantages of
this configuration are its compact size and the wide range of
frequencies covered. A parametric study is also conducted to
investigate the characteristics of the antenna under different
conditions. The measured return loss and radiation pattern indicate
the suitability of this design for WLAN applications, namely, Wi-
Max, 802.11a/b/g and ISM bands.
Abstract: In this study the mixed mode fracture mechanics
parameters were investigated for high tensile steel butt welded joint
based on modified Arcan test and finite element analysis was used to
evaluate the effect of crack length on fracture criterion. The nondimensional
stress intensity factors, strain energy release rates and Jintegral
energy on crack tip were obtained for various in-plane
loading combinations on Arcan specimen starting from pure mode-I
to pure mode-II loading conditions. The specimen and apparatus were
modeled by finite element method and analyzed under various
loading angles (between 0 to 90 degrees with 15 degree interval) to
simulate the pure mode-I, II and mixed mode fracture. Since the
analytical results are independent from elasticity modules for
isotropic materials, therefore the results in elastic fields can be used
for Arcan specimens. The main objective of this study was to
evaluate the geometric calibration factors for modified Arcan test
specimen in order to obtain fracture toughness under mixed mode
loading conditions.
Abstract: The paper considers the effect of feed plate location
on the interactions in a seven plate binary distillation column. The
mathematical model of the distillation column is deduced based on
the equations of mass and energy balances for each stage, detailed
model for both reboiler and condenser, and heat transfer equations.
The Dynamic Relative Magnitude Criterion, DRMC is used to assess
the interactions in different feed plate locations for a seven plate
(Benzene-Toluene) binary distillation column ( the feed plate is
originally at stage 4). The results show that whenever we go far from
the optimum feed plate position, the level of interaction augments.
Abstract: Amount of dissolve oxygen in a river has a great direct affect on aquatic macroinvertebrates and this would influence on the region ecosystem indirectly. In this paper it is tried to predict dissolved oxygen in rivers by employing an easy Fuzzy Logic Modeling, Wang Mendel method. This model just uses previous records to estimate upcoming values. For this purpose daily and hourly records of eight stations in Au Sable watershed in Michigan, United States are employed for 12 years and 50 days period respectively. Calculations indicate that for long period prediction it is better to increase input intervals. But for filling missed data it is advisable to decrease the interval. Increasing partitioning of input and output features influence a little on accuracy but make the model too time consuming. Increment in number of input data also act like number of partitioning. Large amount of train data does not modify accuracy essentially, so, an optimum training length should be selected.
Abstract: An important step in studying the statistics of
fingerprint minutia features is to reliably extract minutia features from
the fingerprint images. A new reliable method of computation for
minutiae feature extraction from fingerprint images is presented. A
fingerprint image is treated as a textured image. An orientation flow
field of the ridges is computed for the fingerprint image. To
accurately locate ridges, a new ridge orientation based computation
method is proposed. After ridge segmentation a new method of
computation is proposed for smoothing the ridges. The ridge skeleton
image is obtained and then smoothed using morphological operators
to detect the features. A post processing stage eliminates a large
number of false features from the detected set of minutiae features.
The detected features are observed to be reliable and accurate.
Abstract: The role of entrepreneurs in generating the economy is
very important. Thus, nurturing entrepreneurship skills among
society is very crucial and should start from the early age. One of the
methods is to teach through game such as board game. Game
provides a fun and interactive platform for players to learn and play.
Besides that as today-s world is moving towards Islamic approach in
terms of finance, banking and entertainment but Islamic based game
is still hard to find in the market especially games on
entrepreneurship. Therefore, there is a gap in this segment that can be
filled by learning entrepreneurship through game. The objective of
this paper is to develop an entrepreneurship digital-based game
entitled “Catur Bistari" that is based on Islamic business approach.
Knowledge and skill of entrepreneurship and Islamic business
approach will be learned through the tasks that are incorporated
inside the game.
Abstract: Overcurrent (OC) relays are the major protection
devices in a distribution system. The operating time of the OC relays
are to be coordinated properly to avoid the mal-operation of the
backup relays. The OC relay time coordination in ring fed
distribution networks is a highly constrained optimization problem
which can be stated as a linear programming problem (LPP). The
purpose is to find an optimum relay setting to minimize the time of
operation of relays and at the same time, to keep the relays properly
coordinated to avoid the mal-operation of relays.
This paper presents two phase simplex method for optimum time
coordination of OC relays. The method is based on the simplex
algorithm which is used to find optimum solution of LPP. The
method introduces artificial variables to get an initial basic feasible
solution (IBFS). Artificial variables are removed using iterative
process of first phase which minimizes the auxiliary objective
function. The second phase minimizes the original objective function
and gives the optimum time coordination of OC relays.
Abstract: Recently global concerns for the energy security have
steadily been on the increase and are expected to become a major
issue over the next few decades. Energy security refers to a resilient
energy system. This resilient system would be capable of
withstanding threats through a combination of active, direct security
measures and passive or more indirect measures such as redundancy,
duplication of critical equipment, diversity in fuel, other sources of
energy, and reliance on less vulnerable infrastructure. Threats and
disruptions (disturbances) to one part of the energy system affect
another. The paper presents methodology in theoretical background
about energy system as an interconnected network and energy supply
disturbances impact to the network. The proposed methodology uses
a network flow approach to develop mathematical model of the
energy system network as the system of nodes and arcs with energy
flowing from node to node along paths in the network.
Abstract: The major building block of most elliptic curve cryptosystems
are computation of multi-scalar multiplication. This paper
proposes a novel algorithm for simultaneous multi-scalar multiplication,
that is by employing addition chains. The previously known
methods utilizes double-and-add algorithm with binary representations.
In order to accomplish our purpose, an efficient empirical
method for finding addition chains for multi-exponents has been
proposed.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper isunavailability of the two main types of conveSwedish traction power supply (TPS) system, i.e.static converter. The number of outages and the ouused to analyze and compare the unavailability oconverters. The mean cumulative function (MCF)analyze the number of outages and the unavailabthe forced outage rate (FOR) concept has been uoutage rates. The study shows that the outagesfailure occur at a constant rate by calendar timconverter stations, while very few stations havedecreasing rate. It has also been found that the stata higher number of outages and a higher outage ratcompared to the rotary converter types. The resultsthat combining the number of outages and the fgives a better view of the converters performasupport for the maintenance decision. In fact, usingdoes not reflect reality. Comparing these two indein identifying the areas where extra resources are maintenance planning and where improvementsoutage in the TPS system.KeywordsFrequency Converter, Forced OuCumulative Function, Traction Power Supply, ESystems.