Abstract: Without uncertainty by applying external loads on
beams, bending is created. The created bending in I-beams, puts one
of the flanges in tension and the other one in compression. With increasing of bending, compression flange buckled and beam in out
of its plane direction twisted, this twisting well-known as Lateral Torsional Buckling. Providing bending moment varieties along the
beam, the critical moment is greater than the case its under pure bending. In other words, the value of bending gradient coefficient is
always greater than unite. In this article by the use of " ANSYS 10.0" software near 80 3-D finite element models developed for the
propose of analyzing beams` lateral torsional buckling and surveying influence of slenderness on beams' bending gradient coefficient.
Results show that, presented Cb coefficient via AISC is not correct for some of beams and value of this coefficient is smaller than what proposed by AISC. Therefore instead of using a constant Cb for each
case of loading , a function with two criterion for calculation of Cb coefficient for some cases is proposed.
Abstract: Titanium oxide films with different morphologies have for the first time been fabricated through hydrothermal reactions between a titanium substrate and iodine powder in water or ethanol. SEM revealed that iodine supported titanium (Ti-I2) surface shows different morphologies with variable treatment conditions. The mean surface roughness (Ra) was increased in the different groups. Use of surfactant has a role to increase the roughness of the film. The surface roughness was in the range of 0.15 μm-0.42 μm. Furthermore, the electrochemical examinations showed that the Ti-I2 surface fabricated in alcoholic medium has high corrosion resistance than in aqueous medium.
Abstract: Solving Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) by
using Partitioning Block Intervalwise (PBI) technique is our aim in
this paper. The PBI technique is based on Block Adams Method and
Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF). Block Adams Method
only use the simple iteration for solving while BDF requires Newtonlike
iteration involving Jacobian matrix of ODEs which consumes a
considerable amount of computational effort. Therefore, PBI is
developed in order to reduce the cost of iteration within acceptable
maximum error
Abstract: To model the human visual system (HVS) in the region of interest, we propose a new objective metric evaluation adapted to wavelet foveation-based image compression quality measurement, which exploits a foveation setup filter implementation technique in the DWT domain, based especially on the point and region of fixation of the human eye. This model is then used to predict the visible divergences between an original and compressed image with respect to this region field and yields an adapted and local measure error by removing all peripheral errors. The technique, which we call foveation wavelet visible difference prediction (FWVDP), is demonstrated on a number of noisy images all of which have the same local peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), but visibly different errors. We show that the FWVDP reliably predicts the fixation areas of interest where error is masked, due to high image contrast, and the areas where the error is visible, due to low image contrast. The paper also suggests ways in which the FWVDP can be used to determine a visually optimal quantization strategy for foveation-based wavelet coefficients and to produce a quantitative local measure of image quality.
Abstract: This paper proposes a delay-dependent leader-following consensus condition of multi-agent systems with both communication delay and probabilistic self-delay. The proposed methods employ a suitable piecewise Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the average dwell time approach. New consensus criterion for the systems are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be easily solved by various effective optimization algorithms. Numerical example showed that the proposed method is effective.
Abstract: Computer modeling has played a unique role in
understanding electrocardiography. Modeling and simulating cardiac
action potential propagation is suitable for studying normal and
pathological cardiac activation. This paper presents a 2-D Cellular
Automata model for simulating action potential propagation in
cardiac tissue. We demonstrate a novel algorithm in order to use
minimum neighbors. This algorithm uses the summation of the
excitability attributes of excited neighboring cells. We try to
eliminate flat edges in the result patterns by inserting probability to
the model. We also preserve the real shape of action potential by
using linear curve fitting of one well known electrophysiological
model.
Abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to explore the biogas potentiality of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas, Euphorbiaceae) Fruit Coat (JFC) alone and in combination with cattle dung (CD) in various proportions at 15 per cent total solids by batch phase anaerobic digestion for a period of ten weeks HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) under a temperature of 35°C+1°C. The maximum biogas production was noticed in Cattle dung and Jatropha Fruit Coat in 2:1 ratio with 403.84 L/kg dry matter followed by 3:1,1:2, 1:1 and 1:3 having 329.66, 219.77, 217.79, 203.64 L /kg dm respectively as compared to 178.49 L/kg dm in CD alone. The JFC alone found to produce 91 per cent of total biogas that obtained from Cattle dung. The per cent methane content of the biogas in all the treatments was found on par with Cattle dung.
Abstract: In this paper; we are interested principally in dynamic modelling of quadrotor while taking into account the high-order nonholonomic constraints in order to develop a new control scheme as well as the various physical phenomena, which can influence the dynamics of a flying structure. These permit us to introduce a new state-space representation. After, the use of Backstepping approach for the synthesis of tracking errors and Lyapunov functions, a sliding mode controller is developed in order to ensure Lyapunov stability, the handling of all system nonlinearities and desired tracking trajectories. Finally simulation results are also provided in order to illustrate the performances of the proposed controller.
Abstract: Safety Health and Environment Code of Practice (SHE
COP) was developed to help road transportation operators to manage
its operation in a systematic and safe manner. A study was conducted
to determine the effectiveness of SHE COP implementation during
non-OPS period. The objective of the study is to evaluate the
implementations of SHE COP among bus operators during wee hour
operations. The data was collected by completing a set of checklist
after observing the activities during pre departure, during the trip, and
upon arrival. The results show that there are seven widely practiced
SHE COP elements. 22% of the buses have average speed exceeding
the maximum permissible speed on the highways (90 km/h), with
13% of the buses were travelling at the speed of more than 100 km/h.
The statistical analysis shows that there is only one significant
association which relates speeding with prior presence of
enforcement officers.
Abstract: Dried soy protein hydrolysate powder was added to
the burger in order to enhance the oxidative stability as well as
decreases the microbial spoilage. The soybean bioactive compounds
(soy protein hydrolysate) as antioxidant and antimicrobial were added
at level of 1, 2 and 3 %.Chemical analysis and physical properties
were affected by protein hydrolysate addition. The TBA values were
significantly affected (P < 0.05) by the storage period and the level of
soy protein hydrolysate. All the tested soybean protein hydrolysate
additives showed strong antioxidant properties. Samples of soybean
protein hydrolysate showed the lowest (P < 0.05) TBA values at each
time of storage.
The counts of all determined microbiological indicators were
significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the addition of the soybean
protein hydrolysate. Decreasing trends of different extent were also
observed in samples of the treatments for total viable counts,
Coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, yeast and molds. Storage period
was being significantly (P < 0.05) affected on microbial counts in all
samples Staphylococcus aureus were the most sensitive microbe
followed by Coliform group of the sample containing protein
hydrolysate, while molds and yeast count showed a decreasing trend
but not significant (P < 0.05) until the end of the storage period
compared with control sample. Sensory attributes were also
performed, added protein hydrolysate exhibits beany flavor which
was clear about samples of 3% protein hydrolysate.
Abstract: An Ad hoc wireless network comprises of mobile
terminals linked and communicating with each other sans the aid of
traditional infrastructure. Optimized Link State Protocol (OLSR) is a
proactive routing protocol, in which routes are discovered/updated
continuously so that they are available when needed. Hello messages
generated by a node seeks information about its neighbor and if the
latter fails to respond to a specified number of hello messages
regulated by neighborhood hold time, the node is forced to assume
that the neighbor is not in range. This paper proposes to evaluate
OLSR routing protocol in a random mobility network having various
neighborhood hold time intervals. The throughput and delivery ratio
are also evaluated to learn about its efficiency for multimedia loads.
Abstract: A comparative evaluation of acute toxicity of
synthesized nano silvers using two different procedures (biological
and chemical reduction methods) and silver ions on bacteria
Vibrio fischeri was investigated. The bacterial light inhibition test as
a toxicological endpoint was used by applying of a homemade
luminometer. To compare the toxicity effects as a quantitative
parameter, a nominal effective concentrations (EC) of chemicals and
a susceptibility constant (Z-value) of bacteria, after 5 min and 30 min
exposure times, were calculated. After 5 and 30 min contact times,
the EC50 values of two silver nanoparticles and the EC20 values were
about similar. It demonstrates that toxicity of silvers was independent
of their procedure. The EC values of nanoparticles were larger than
those of the silver ions. The susceptibilities(Z- Values) of V.fischeri
(L/mg) to the silver ions were greater than those of the nano silvers.
According to the EC and Z values, the toxicity of silvers decreased in
the following order: Silver ions >> silver nanoparticles from
chemical reduction method ~ silver nanoparticles from biological
method.
Abstract: Methods of clustering which were developed in the
data mining theory can be successfully applied to the investigation of
different kinds of dependencies between the conditions of
environment and human activities. It is known, that environmental
parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric
pressure and illumination have significant effects on the human
mental performance. To investigate these parameters effect, data
mining technique of clustering using entropy and Information Gain
Ratio (IGR) K(Y/X) = (H(X)–H(Y/X))/H(Y) is used, where
H(Y)=-ΣPi ln(Pi). This technique allows adjusting the boundaries of
clusters. It is shown that the information gain ratio (IGR) grows
monotonically and simultaneously with degree of connectivity
between two variables. This approach has some preferences if
compared, for example, with correlation analysis due to relatively
smaller sensitivity to shape of functional dependencies. Variant of an
algorithm to implement the proposed method with some analysis of
above problem of environmental effects is also presented. It was
shown that proposed method converges with finite number of steps.
Abstract: The present study was provided to examine the
vortical structures generated by two inclined impinging jets with
experimental and numerical investigations. The jets are issuing with a
pitch angle α=40° into a confined quiescent fluid. The experimental
investigation on flow patterns was visualized by using olive particles
injected into the jets illuminated by Nd:Yag laser light to reveal the
finer details of the confined jets interaction. It was observed that two
counter-rotating vortex pairs (CVPs) were generated in the near
region. A numerical investigation was also performed. First, the
numerical results were validates against the experimental results and
then the numerical model was used to study the effect of section ratio
on the evolution of the CVPs. Our results show promising agreement
with experimental data, and indicate that our model has the potential
to produce useful and accurate data regarding the evolution of CVPs.
Abstract: The acoustic and articulatory properties of fricative speech sounds are being studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and acoustic recordings from a single subject. Area functions were derived from a complete set of axial and coronal MR slices using two different methods: the Mermelstein technique and the Blum transform. Area functions derived from the two techniques were shown to differ significantly in some cases. Such differences will lead to different acoustic predictions and it is important to know which is the more accurate. The vocal tract acoustic transfer function (VTTF) was derived from these area functions for each fricative and compared with measured speech signals for the same fricative and same subject. The VTTFs for /f/ in two vowel contexts and the corresponding acoustic spectra are derived here; the Blum transform appears to show a better match between prediction and measurement than the Mermelstein technique.
Abstract: Key management is a vital component in any modern security protocol. Due to scalability and practical implementation considerations automatic key management seems a natural choice in significantly large virtual private networks (VPNs). In this context IETF Internet Key Exchange (IKE) is the most promising protocol under permanent review. We have made a humble effort to pinpoint IKEv2 net gain over IKEv1 due to recent modifications in its original structure, along with a brief overview of salient improvements between the two versions. We have used US National Institute of Technology NIIST VPN simulator to get some comparisons of important performance metrics.
Abstract: This study aimed to explore future life orientation and
support that needed to accomplish it. A total of 258 participants are
Javanese high school student. The age of the sample ranges from 14
to 18 years old. Participants were asked about their future aspiration,
their reason of choosing them as important goals in their life, and
support that they need to accomplished their goals using open ended
questionnaire. The responses were categorized through content
analysis into four main categories. They are: (1) Self Fulfillment
(72.1%) (2) Parents and Family (16.7%) (3) Altruism (8.1%) (4)
Social and Economy Status (3.1%). Meanwhile, the categories for
support that they needed are shown as follows: (1) Affection Support
(64.7%) (2) Spiritual support (17.4%) (3) Material Support (10.9%)
(4) Guidance Support (7.0%). The research found that affection
support always gets the highest number in every future orientation
categories. It can be concluded that although Javanese adolescents
have different future orientation, they basically need affection
support.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to study the effects of
plants cover on overland flow and, therefore, its influences on the
amount of eroded and transported soil. In this investigation, all the
experiments were conducted in the LEGHYD laboratory using a
rainfall simulator and a soil tray. The experiments were conducted
using an experimental plot (soil tray) which is 2m long, 0.5 m wide
and 0.15 m deep. The soil used is an agricultural sandy soil (62,08%
coarse sand, 19,14% fine sand, 11,57% silt and 7,21% clay). Plastic
rods (4 mm in diameter) were used to simulate the plants at different
densities: 0 stem/m2 (bared soil), 126 stems/m², 203 stems/m², 461
stems/m² and 2500 stems/m²). The used rainfall intensity is 73mm/h
and the soil tray slope is fixed to 3°. The results have shown that the
overland flow velocities decreased with increasing stems density, and
the density cover has a great effect on sediment concentration.
Darcy–Weisbach and Manning friction coefficients of overland flow
increased when the stems density increased. Froude and Reynolds
numbers decreased with increasing stems density and, consequently,
the flow regime of all treatments was laminar and subcritical. From
these findings, we conclude that increasing the plants cover can
efficiently reduce soil loss and avoid denuding the roots plants.
Abstract: The contact width is important design parameter for
optimizing the design of new metal gasket for asbestos substitution
gasket. The contact width is found have relationship with the helium
leak quantity. In the increasing of axial load value, the helium leak
quantity is decreasing and the contact width is increasing. This study
provides validity method using simulation analysis and the result is
compared to experimental using pressure sensitive paper. The results
denote similar trend data between simulation and experimental result.
Final evaluation is determined by helium leak quantity to check
leakage performance of gasket design. Considering the phenomena of
position change on the convex contact, it can be developed the
optimization of gasket design by increasing contact width.
Abstract: This article refers to the action of Kazakh
intelligentsia towards the formation of national state and their
attempt for reconstruction of national independence and building the
way to nowadays- independence through reviewing the history of our
national ideology.