Abstract: Calcium oxide (CaO) as carbon dioxide (CO2)
adsorbent at the elevated temperature has been very well-received
thus far. The CaO can be synthesized from natural calcium carbonate
(CaCO3) sources through the reversible calcination-carbonation
process. In the study, cockle shell has been selected as CaO
precursors. The objectives of the study are to investigate the
performance of calcination and carbonation with respect to different
temperature, heating rate, particle size and the duration time. Overall,
better performance is shown at the calcination temperature of 850oC
for 40 minutes, heating rate of 20oC/min, particle size of < 0.125mm
and the carbonation temperature is at 650oC. The synthesized
materials have been characterized by nitrogen physisorption and
surface morphology analysis. The effectiveness of the synthesized
cockle shell in capturing CO2 (0.72 kg CO2/kg adsorbent) which is
comparable to the commercialized adsorbent (0.60 kg CO2/kg
adsorbent) makes them as the most promising materials for CO2
capture.
Abstract: In this research, the main aim is to investigate the
antimicrobial effectiveness of ammonyx solutions finishing on
Sweatshirt Sport with immersion method. 60 Male healthy subjects
(football player) participated in this study. They were dressed in a
Sweatshirt for 14 days and some microbes found on them were
investigated. The antimicrobial effect of different ammonyx
solutions(1/100, 1/500, 1/1000, 1/2000 v/v solutions of Ammonyx)
on the identified microbes was studied by the zone inhabitation
method in vitro. In the next step the Sweatshirt Sports were treated
with the same different solutions of ammonyx and the antimicrobial
effectiveness was assessed by colony count method in different times
and the results were compared whit untreated ones. Some mechanical
properties of treated cotton/polyester yarn that used in Sweatshirt
Sport were measured after 30 days and were compared with
untreated one. Finally after finishing, scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) was used to compare the surfaces of the finished and
unfinished specimens. The results showed the presence of five
pathogenic microbes on Sweatshirt Sports such as Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus, Mucor and Candida. The
inhalation time for treated on Sweatshirt Sports improved. The
amount of colony growth on treated clothes reduced considerably
and moreover the mechanical tests results showed no significant
deterioration effect of studies properties in comparison to the
untreated yarn. The visual examination of the SEM indicated that the
antimicrobial treatments were applied usefully to fabrics.
Abstract: As the fossil fuels kept on depleting, intense research in developing hydrogen (H2) as the alternative fuel has been done to cater our tremendous demand for fuel. The potential of H2 as the ultimate clean fuel differs with the fossil fuel that releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the surrounding and leads to the global warming. The experimental work was carried out to study the production of H2 from palm kernel shell steam gasification at different variables such as heating rate, steam to biomass ratio and adsorbent to biomass ratio. Maximum H2 composition which is 61% (volume basis) was obtained at heating rate of 100oCmin-1, steam/biomass of 2:1 ratio, and adsorbent/biomass of 1:1 ratio. The commercial adsorbent had been modified by utilizing the alcoholwater mixture. Characteristics of both adsorbents were investigated and it is concluded that flowability and floodability of modified CaO is significantly improved.
Abstract: fibers of pure cellulose can be made from some bacteria such as acetobacter xylinum. Bacterial cellulose fibers are very pure, tens of nm across and about 0.5 micron long. The fibers are very stiff and, although nobody seems to have measured the strength of individual fibers. Their stiffness up to 70 GPa. Fundamental strengths should be at least greater than those of the best commercial polymers, but best bulk strength seems to about the same as that of steel. They can potentially be produced in industrial quantities at greatly lowered cost and water content, and with triple the yield, by a new process. This article presents a critical review of the available information on the bacterial cellulose as a biological nonwoven fabric with special emphasis on its fermentative production and applications. Characteristics of bacterial cellulose biofabric with respect to its structure and physicochemical properties are discussed. Current and potential applications of bacterial cellulose in textile, nonwoven cloth, paper, films synthetic fiber coating, food, pharmaceutical and other industries are also presented.
Abstract: In this paper by using the port-controlled Hamiltonian
(PCH) systems theory, a full-order nonlinear controlled model is first
developed. Then a nonlinear passivity-based robust adaptive control
(PBRAC) of switched reluctance motor in the presence of external
disturbances for the purpose of torque ripple reduction and
characteristic improvement is presented. The proposed controller
design is separated into the inner loop and the outer loop controller.
In the inner loop, passivity-based control is employed by using
energy shaping techniques to produce the proper switching function.
The outer loop control is employed by robust adaptive controller to
determine the appropriate Torque command. It can also overcome the
inherent nonlinear characteristics of the system and make the whole
system robust to uncertainties and bounded disturbances. A 4KW 8/6
SRM with experimental characteristics that takes magnetic saturation
into account is modeled, simulation results show that the proposed
scheme has good performance and practical application prospects.
Abstract: Protective clothing limits heat transfer and hampers
task performance due to the increased weight. Militarism protective
clothing enables humans to operate in adverse environments. In the
selection and evaluation of militarism protective clothing attention
should be given to heat strain, ergonomic and fit issues next to the
actual protection it offers.
Fifty Male healthy subjects participated in the study. The subjects
were dressed in shorts, T-shirts, socks, sneakers and four deferent
kinds of militarism protective clothing such as CS, CSB, CS with
NBC protection and CS with NBC- protection added.
Ergonomically and psychological strains of every four cloths were
investigated on subjects by walking on a treadmill (7km/hour) with a
19.7 kg backpack. As a result of these tests were showed that, the
highest heart rate was found wearing the NBC-protection added
outfit, the highest temperatures were observed wearing NBCprotection
added, followed by respectively CS with NBC protection,
CSB and CS and the highest value for thermal comfort (implying
worst thermal comfort) was observed wearing NBC-protection
added.