Efficient Numerical Model for Studying Bridge Pier Collapse in Floods
High level and high velocity flood flows are
potentially harmful to bridge piers as evidenced in many toppled
piers, and among them the single-column piers were considered as
the most vulnerable. The flood flow characteristic parameters
including drag coefficient, scouring and vortex shedding are built into
a pier-flood interaction model to investigate structural safety against
flood hazards considering the effects of local scouring, hydrodynamic
forces, and vortex induced resonance vibrations. By extracting the
pier-flood simulation results embedded in a neural networks code,
two cases of pier toppling occurred in typhoon days were reexamined:
(1) a bridge overcome by flash flood near a mountain side;
(2) a bridge washed off in flood across a wide channel near the
estuary. The modeling procedures and simulations are capable of
identifying the probable causes for the tumbled bridge piers during
heavy floods, which include the excessive pier bending moments and
resonance in structural vibrations.
[1] Karunthanakul T., 1998. Local Scour around Row Bridge Piers.
Master-s Thesis. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Chulalongkorn
University.
[2] NCDR, 2010. Disaster Survey and Analysis of Morakot Typhoon (in
Chinese). National Science and Technology Center for Disaster
Reduction, Taiwan.
[3] Priestley M.J.N., Seible F., Calvi G.M., 1996. Seismic Design and
Retrofit of Bridges. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
[4] Mander J.B., Priestley M.J.N., and Park R., 1988. Theoretical Stress-
Strain Model for Confined Concrete, J Struc Eng, ASCE; 114(8): 1804-
26.
[5] AASHTO, 1996. Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Sixteenth
edition. American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials.
[6] Cengel Y.A., Cimbala J.M., Fluid Mechanics, First edition, McGraw-
Hill International Book Company.
[7] Roshko A. Experiments on the Flow Past a Circular Cylinder at Very
High Reynolds Number. J Fluid Mech 1961; 10: 345-56.
[8] Chiu C.L., 1989. Velocity Distribution in Open Channel Flow, J
Hydraulic Eng, ASCE; 115(5): 576-594.
[9] FHWA, 2001. Evaluating Scour at Bridges, Hydraulic Engineering
Circular No.18. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of
Transportation.
[10] Sumer B.M., Fredsoe J., Christiansen N., 1992. Scour around a Vertical
Pile in Wave. J waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Eng, ASCE; 118(1):
15-31.
[11] Flood I., Kartam N., 1994. Neural Networks in Civil Engineering:
Systems and Application. J Comp in Civ. Eng, ASCE; 8(2): 131-148.
[1] Karunthanakul T., 1998. Local Scour around Row Bridge Piers.
Master-s Thesis. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Chulalongkorn
University.
[2] NCDR, 2010. Disaster Survey and Analysis of Morakot Typhoon (in
Chinese). National Science and Technology Center for Disaster
Reduction, Taiwan.
[3] Priestley M.J.N., Seible F., Calvi G.M., 1996. Seismic Design and
Retrofit of Bridges. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
[4] Mander J.B., Priestley M.J.N., and Park R., 1988. Theoretical Stress-
Strain Model for Confined Concrete, J Struc Eng, ASCE; 114(8): 1804-
26.
[5] AASHTO, 1996. Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Sixteenth
edition. American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials.
[6] Cengel Y.A., Cimbala J.M., Fluid Mechanics, First edition, McGraw-
Hill International Book Company.
[7] Roshko A. Experiments on the Flow Past a Circular Cylinder at Very
High Reynolds Number. J Fluid Mech 1961; 10: 345-56.
[8] Chiu C.L., 1989. Velocity Distribution in Open Channel Flow, J
Hydraulic Eng, ASCE; 115(5): 576-594.
[9] FHWA, 2001. Evaluating Scour at Bridges, Hydraulic Engineering
Circular No.18. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of
Transportation.
[10] Sumer B.M., Fredsoe J., Christiansen N., 1992. Scour around a Vertical
Pile in Wave. J waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Eng, ASCE; 118(1):
15-31.
[11] Flood I., Kartam N., 1994. Neural Networks in Civil Engineering:
Systems and Application. J Comp in Civ. Eng, ASCE; 8(2): 131-148.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:63202", author = "Thanut Kallaka and Ching-Jong Wang", title = "Efficient Numerical Model for Studying Bridge Pier Collapse in Floods", abstract = "High level and high velocity flood flows are
potentially harmful to bridge piers as evidenced in many toppled
piers, and among them the single-column piers were considered as
the most vulnerable. The flood flow characteristic parameters
including drag coefficient, scouring and vortex shedding are built into
a pier-flood interaction model to investigate structural safety against
flood hazards considering the effects of local scouring, hydrodynamic
forces, and vortex induced resonance vibrations. By extracting the
pier-flood simulation results embedded in a neural networks code,
two cases of pier toppling occurred in typhoon days were reexamined:
(1) a bridge overcome by flash flood near a mountain side;
(2) a bridge washed off in flood across a wide channel near the
estuary. The modeling procedures and simulations are capable of
identifying the probable causes for the tumbled bridge piers during
heavy floods, which include the excessive pier bending moments and
resonance in structural vibrations.", keywords = "Bridge piers, Neural networks, Scour depth,
Structural safety, Vortex shedding", volume = "5", number = "12", pages = "793-6", }