How Social Network Structure Affects the Dynamics of Evolution of Cooperation?
The existence of many biological systems,
especially human societies, is based on cooperative behavior
[1, 2]. If natural selection favors selfish individuals, then what
mechanism is at work that we see so many cooperative
behaviors? One answer is the effect of network structure. On a
graph, cooperators can evolve by forming network bunches
[2, 3, 4]. In a research, Ohtsuki et al used the idea of iterated
prisoners- dilemma on a graph to model an evolutionary
game. They showed that the average number of neighbors
plays an important role in determining whether cooperation is
the ESS of the system or not [3]. In this paper, we are going to
study the dynamics of evolution of cooperation in a social
network. We show that during evolution, the ratio of
cooperators among individuals with fewer neighbors to
cooperators among other individuals is greater than unity. The
extent to which the fitness function depends on the payoff of
the game determines this ratio.
[1] Giddens, A.: Sociology. 5th edn. Polity Press (2006).
[2] Nowak, A.: Five Rules for the Evolution of Cooperation. Science.
Vo304. (2006) 1560-1563.
[3] Ohtsuki, H., Hauert, C., Lieberman, E., Nowak, M.A.: A simple rule for
the evolution of cooperation on graphs and social networks. Nature 441,
(2006).
[4] Ohtsuki, H., Nowak, M.A., Evolutionary stability on graphs. J. Theor.
Biol. (2008), doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.01.005.
[5] Dawkins, R.: The God Delusion. 1st edn. Bantam Press (2006).
[6] Dawkins, R.: The Selfish Gene. 2nd edn. Oxford University Press
(1990).
[7] Henrich, J., Henrich, N.: Culture, evolution and the puzzle of human
cooperation. Cognitive Systems Research 7 (2006) 220-245.
[8] Fehr, E., Fischbacher, U.: Social norms and human cooperation.
TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences Vol.8 No.4 (2004) 185-190.
[9] Osborne, M.J.: An introduction into game theory. 1st edn. Oxford
University Press (2003).
[10] Imhof, L.A., Fudenberg, D., Nowak, M.A.: Tit-for-tat or win-stay, loseshift?.
J. Theor. Biol. 247 (2007) 574-580.
[11] Pacheco, J.M., Traulsen, A., Ohtsuki, H., Nowak, M.A.: Repeated games
and direct reciprocity under active linking. Preprint submitted to Elsevier
Science (2007).
[12] Rafipour F.: the Anatomy of Society: An Introduction to Applied
Sociology. Enteshar Co (2006).
[1] Giddens, A.: Sociology. 5th edn. Polity Press (2006).
[2] Nowak, A.: Five Rules for the Evolution of Cooperation. Science.
Vo304. (2006) 1560-1563.
[3] Ohtsuki, H., Hauert, C., Lieberman, E., Nowak, M.A.: A simple rule for
the evolution of cooperation on graphs and social networks. Nature 441,
(2006).
[4] Ohtsuki, H., Nowak, M.A., Evolutionary stability on graphs. J. Theor.
Biol. (2008), doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.01.005.
[5] Dawkins, R.: The God Delusion. 1st edn. Bantam Press (2006).
[6] Dawkins, R.: The Selfish Gene. 2nd edn. Oxford University Press
(1990).
[7] Henrich, J., Henrich, N.: Culture, evolution and the puzzle of human
cooperation. Cognitive Systems Research 7 (2006) 220-245.
[8] Fehr, E., Fischbacher, U.: Social norms and human cooperation.
TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences Vol.8 No.4 (2004) 185-190.
[9] Osborne, M.J.: An introduction into game theory. 1st edn. Oxford
University Press (2003).
[10] Imhof, L.A., Fudenberg, D., Nowak, M.A.: Tit-for-tat or win-stay, loseshift?.
J. Theor. Biol. 247 (2007) 574-580.
[11] Pacheco, J.M., Traulsen, A., Ohtsuki, H., Nowak, M.A.: Repeated games
and direct reciprocity under active linking. Preprint submitted to Elsevier
Science (2007).
[12] Rafipour F.: the Anatomy of Society: An Introduction to Applied
Sociology. Enteshar Co (2006).
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:62733", author = "Mohammad Akbarpour and Reza Nasiri Mahalati and Caro Lucas", title = "How Social Network Structure Affects the Dynamics of Evolution of Cooperation?", abstract = "The existence of many biological systems,
especially human societies, is based on cooperative behavior
[1, 2]. If natural selection favors selfish individuals, then what
mechanism is at work that we see so many cooperative
behaviors? One answer is the effect of network structure. On a
graph, cooperators can evolve by forming network bunches
[2, 3, 4]. In a research, Ohtsuki et al used the idea of iterated
prisoners- dilemma on a graph to model an evolutionary
game. They showed that the average number of neighbors
plays an important role in determining whether cooperation is
the ESS of the system or not [3]. In this paper, we are going to
study the dynamics of evolution of cooperation in a social
network. We show that during evolution, the ratio of
cooperators among individuals with fewer neighbors to
cooperators among other individuals is greater than unity. The
extent to which the fitness function depends on the payoff of
the game determines this ratio.", keywords = "Evolution of cooperation, Iterated prisoner's
dilemma, Model dynamics, Social network structure, Intensity
of selection.", volume = "2", number = "7", pages = "789-4", }