Abstract: The acoustic and articulatory properties of fricative speech sounds are being studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and acoustic recordings from a single subject. Area functions were derived from a complete set of axial and coronal MR slices using two different methods: the Mermelstein technique and the Blum transform. Area functions derived from the two techniques were shown to differ significantly in some cases. Such differences will lead to different acoustic predictions and it is important to know which is the more accurate. The vocal tract acoustic transfer function (VTTF) was derived from these area functions for each fricative and compared with measured speech signals for the same fricative and same subject. The VTTFs for /f/ in two vowel contexts and the corresponding acoustic spectra are derived here; the Blum transform appears to show a better match between prediction and measurement than the Mermelstein technique.
Abstract: This paper will first describe predictor controllers
when the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are
inactive for procedures that have large delay time (LDT) in transfer
stage. Therefore in those states, the predictor controllers are better
than the PID controllers, then compares three types of predictor
controllers. The value of these controller-s parameters are obtained
by trial and error method, so here an effort has been made to obtain
these parameters by Ziegler-Nichols method. Eventually in this paper
Ziegler-Nichols method has been described and finally, a PIP
controller has been designed for a thermal system, which circulates
hot air to keep the temperature of a chamber constant.