Abstract: The Bangalore City is facing the acute problem of
pollution in the atmosphere due to the heavy increase in the traffic
and developmental activities in recent years. The present study is an
attempt in the direction to assess trend of the ambient air quality
status of three stations, viz., AMCO Batteries Factory, Mysore Road,
GRAPHITE INDIA FACTORY, KHB Industrial Area, Whitefield
and Ananda Rao Circle, Gandhinagar with respect to some of the
major criteria pollutants such as Total Suspended particular matter
(SPM), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and Oxides of sulphur (SO2). The
sites are representative of various kinds of growths viz., commercial,
residential and industrial, prevailing in Bangalore, which are
contributing to air pollution. The concentration of Sulphur Dioxide
(SO2) at all locations showed a falling trend due to use of refined
petrol and diesel in the recent years. The concentration of Oxides of
nitrogen (NOx) showed an increasing trend but was within the
permissible limits. The concentration of the Suspended particular
matter (SPM) showed the mixed trend. The correlation between
model and observed values is found to vary from 0.4 to 0.7 for SO2,
0.45 to 0.65 for NOx and 0.4 to 0.6 for SPM. About 80% of data is
observed to fall within the error band of ±50%. Forecast test for the
best fit models showed the same trend as actual values in most of the
cases. However, the deviation observed in few cases could be
attributed to change in quality of petro products, increase in the
volume of traffic, introduction of LPG as fuel in many types of
automobiles, poor condition of roads, prevailing meteorological
conditions, etc.
Abstract: Distributed wireless sensor network consist on several
scattered nodes in a knowledge area. Those sensors have as its only
power supplies a pair of batteries that must let them live up to five
years without substitution. That-s why it is necessary to develop
some power aware algorithms that could save battery lifetime as
much as possible. In this is document, a review of power aware
design for sensor nodes is presented. As example of implementations,
some resources and task management, communication, topology
control and routing protocols are named.
Abstract: Target tracking and localization are important applications
in wireless sensor networks. In these applications, sensor nodes
collectively monitor and track the movement of a target. They have
limited energy supplied by batteries, so energy efficiency is essential
for sensor networks. Most existing target tracking protocols need to
wake up sensors periodically to perform tracking. Some unnecessary
energy waste is thus introduced. In this paper, an energy efficient
protocol for target localization is proposed. In order to preserve
energy, the protocol fixes the number of sensors for target tracking,
but it retains the quality of target localization in an acceptable
level. By selecting a set of sensors for target localization, the other
sensors can sleep rather than periodically wake up to track the target.
Simulation results show that the proposed protocol saves a significant
amount of energy and also prolongs the network lifetime.