Abstract: Well logging records can help to answer many
questions from a wide range of special interested information and
basic petrophysical properties to formation evaluation of oil and gas
reservoirs. The accurate calculations of porosity in carbonate
reservoirs are the most challenging aspects of the well logging
analysis. Many equations have been developed over the years based
on known physical principles or on empirically derived relationships,
which are used to calculate porosity, estimate lithology, and water
saturation; however these parameters are calculated from well logs by
using modern technique in a current study. Nasiriya oil field is one of
the giant oilfields in the Middle East, and the formation under study
is the Mishrif carbonate formation which is the shallowest
hydrocarbon bearing zone in this oilfield. Neurolog software was
used to digitize the scanned copies of the available logs.
Environmental corrections had been made as per Schlumberger charts
2005, which supplied in the Interactive Petrophysics software. Three
saturation models have been used to calculate water saturation of
carbonate formations, which are simple Archie equation, Dual water
model, and Indonesia model. Results indicate that the Mishrif
formation consists mainly of limestone, some dolomite, and shale.
The porosity interpretation shows that the logging tools have a good
quality after making the environmental corrections. The average
formation water saturation for Mishrif formation is around 0.4-
0.6.This study is provided accurate behavior of petrophysical
properties with depth for this formation by using modern software.
Abstract: An unrecorded experiment of use of the smartphone
as a tool for practical classes of histology is presented in this paper.
Behavior and learning of students of science courses at the University
were analyzed and compared as well as the mode of teaching of this
discipline and the appreciation of the students, using either digital
photographs taken by phone or drawings for record microscopic
observations, analyze and interpret histological sections of human or
animal tissues.
Abstract: The critical concern of satellite operations is to ensure
the health and safety of satellites. The worst case in this perspective
is probably the loss of a mission, but the more common interruption
of satellite functionality can result in compromised mission
objectives. All the data acquiring from the spacecraft are known as
Telemetry (TM), which contains the wealth information related to the
health of all its subsystems. Each single item of information is
contained in a telemetry parameter, which represents a time-variant
property (i.e. a status or a measurement) to be checked. As a
consequence, there is a continuous improvement of TM monitoring
systems to reduce the time required to respond to changes in a
satellite's state of health. A fast conception of the current state of the
satellite is thus very important to respond to occurring failures.
Statistical multivariate latent techniques are one of the vital learning
tools that are used to tackle the problem above coherently.
Information extraction from such rich data sources using advanced
statistical methodologies is a challenging task due to the massive
volume of data. To solve this problem, in this paper, we present a
proposed unsupervised learning algorithm based on Principle
Component Analysis (PCA) technique. The algorithm is particularly
applied on an actual remote sensing spacecraft. Data from the
Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) was acquired
under two operation conditions: normal and faulty states. The models
were built and tested under these conditions, and the results show that
the algorithm could successfully differentiate between these
operations conditions. Furthermore, the algorithm provides
competent information in prediction as well as adding more insight
and physical interpretation to the ADCS operation.
Abstract: Heart is the most important part in the body of living
organisms. It affects and is affected by any factor in the body.
Therefore, it is a good detector for all conditions in the body. Heart
signal is a non-stationary signal; thus, it is utmost important to study
the variability of heart signal. The Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has
attracted considerable attention in psychology, medicine and has
become important dependent measure in psychophysiology and
behavioral medicine. The standards of measurements, physiological
interpretation and clinical use for HRV that are most often used were
described in many researcher papers, however, remain complex
issues are fraught with pitfalls. This paper presents one of the nonlinear
techniques to analyze HRV. It discusses many points like, what
Poincaré plot is and how Poincaré plot works; also, Poincaré plot's
merits especially in HRV. Besides, it discusses the limitation of
Poincaré cause of standard deviation SD1, SD2 and how to overcome
this limitation by using complex correlation measure (CCM). The
CCM is most sensitive to changes in temporal structure of the
Poincaré plot as compared toSD1 and SD2.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to make an approach to
the Security Studies, exposing their theories and concepts to
understand the role that they have had in the interpretation of the
changes and continuities of the world order and their impact on
policies in facing the problems of the 21st century. The aim is to
build a bridge between the security studies as a subfield and the
meaning that has been given to the world order. The idea of epistemic
communities serves as a methodological proposal for the different
programs of research in security studies, showing their influence in
the realities of States, intergovernmental organizations and
transnational forces, moving to implement, perpetuate and project a
vision of the world order.
Abstract: The goal of this paper is to present the diagnostic
contribution that the screening instrument, Mini-Mental State
Examination-2: Expanded Version (MMSE-2:EV), brings in
detecting the cognitive impairment or in monitoring the progress of
degenerative disorders. The diagnostic signification is underlined by
the interpretation of the MMSE-2:EV scores, resulted from the test
application to patients with mild and major neurocognitive disorders.
The cases were selected from current practice, in order to cover vast
and significant neurocognitive pathology: mild cognitive impairment,
Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, mixed dementia, Parkinson’s
disease, conversion of the mild cognitive impairment into
Alzheimer’s disease. The MMSE-2:EV version was used: it was
applied one month after the initial assessment, three months after the
first reevaluation and then every six months, alternating the blue and
red forms. Correlated with age and educational level, the raw scores
were converted in T scores and then, with the mean and the standard
deviation, the z scores were calculated. The differences of raw scores
between the evaluations were analyzed from the point of view of
statistic signification, in order to establish the progression in time of
the disease. The results indicated that the psycho-diagnostic approach
for the evaluation of the cognitive impairment with MMSE-2:EV is
safe and the application interval is optimal. In clinical settings with a
large flux of patients, the application of the MMSE-2:EV is a safe
and fast psychodiagnostic solution. The clinicians can draw objective
decisions and for the patients: it does not take too much time and
energy, it does not bother them and it doesn’t force them to travel
frequently.
Abstract: For this study, a town based soil database created in
Gümüsçay District of Biga Town, Çanakkale, Turkey. Crop and
livestock production are major activities in the district. Nutrient
management is mainly based on commercial fertilizer application
ignoring the livestock manure. Within the boundaries of district, 122
soil sampling points determined over the satellite image. Soil samples
collected from the determined points with the help of handheld
Global Positioning System. Labeled samples were sent to a
commercial laboratory to determine 11 soil parameters including
salinity, pH, lime, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
iron, manganese, copper and zinc. Based on the test results soil maps
for mentioned parameters were developed using remote sensing, GIS,
and geostatistical analysis. In this study we developed a GIS database
that will be used for soil nutrient management. Methods were
explained and soil maps and their interpretations were summarized in
the study.
Abstract: Exploration and exploitation capabilities are both
important within Operations as means for improvement when
managed separately, and for establishing dynamic improvement
capabilities when combined in balance. However, it is unclear what
exploration and exploitation capabilities imply in improvement and
development work within an Operations context. So, in order to
better understand how to develop exploration and exploitation
capabilities within Operations, the main characteristics of these
constructs needs to be identified and further understood. Thus, the
objective of this research is to increase the understanding about
exploitation and exploration characteristics, to concretize what they
translates to within the context of improvement and development
work in an Operations unit, and to identify practical challenges. A
literature review and a case study are presented. In the literature
review, different interpretations of exploration and exploitation are
portrayed, key characteristics have been identified, and a deepened
understanding of exploration and exploitation characteristics is
described. The case in the study is an Operations unit, and the aim is
to explore to what extent and in what ways exploration and
exploitation activities are part of the improvement structures and
processes. The contribution includes an identification of key
characteristics of exploitation and exploration, as well as an
interpretation of the constructs. Further, some practical challenges are
identified. For instance, exploration activities tend to be given low
priority, both in daily work as in the manufacturing strategy. Also,
the overall understanding about the concepts of exploitation and
exploration (or any similar aspect of dynamic improvement
capabilities) is very low.
Abstract: The area of liberty, security and justice within the
European Union is still a work in progress. No one can deny that the
EU struggles between a monistic and a dualist approach.
The aim of our essay is to first review how the European law is
perceived by the rest of the international scene. It will then discuss
two main mechanisms at play: the interpretation of larger
international treaties and the penal mechanisms of European law.
Finally, it will help us understand the role of a penal Europe on the
international scene with concrete examples.
Special attention will be paid to cases that deal with fundamental
rights as they represent an interesting case study in Europe and in the
rest of the World. It could illustrate the aforementioned duality
currently present in the Union’s interpretation of international public
law. On the other hand, it will explore some specific European penal
mechanism through mutual recognition and the European arrest
warrant in the transnational criminality frame.
Concerning the interpretation of the treaties, it will first, underline
the ambiguity and the general nature of some treaties that leave the
EU exposed to tension and misunderstanding then it will review the
validity of an EU act (whether or not it is compatible with the rules of
International law).
Finally, it will focus on the most complete manifestation of liberty,
security and justice through the principle of mutual recognition. Used
initially in commercial matters, it has become “the cornerstone” of
European construction. It will see how it is applied in judicial
decisions (its main event and achieving success is via the European
arrest warrant) and how European member states have managed to
develop this cooperation.
Abstract: The first part of the paper analyzes the dynamics of
the total fertility rate both at the national and regional level, pointing
out the regional disparities in the distribution of this indicator. At the
same time, we also focus on the collapse of the number of live births,
on the changes in the fertility rate by birth rank, as well as on the
failure of acquiring the desired number of children. The second part
of the study centres upon a survey applied to urban families with 3
and more than 3 offspring. The preliminary analysis highlights the
fact that an increased fertility (more than 3rd rank) is triggered by the
parents’ above the average material condition and superior education.
The current situation of Romania, which is still passing through a
period of relatively rapid demographic changes, marked by numerous
convulsions, requires a new approach, in compliance with the recent
interpretations appropriate to a new post-transitional demographic
regime.
Abstract: The paper deals with possibilities of interpretation of
iron ore reducibility tests. It presents a mathematical model
developed at Centre ENET, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava,
Czech Republic for an evaluation of metallurgical material of blast
furnace feedstock such as iron ore, sinter or pellets. According to the
data from the test, the model predicts its usage in blast furnace
technology and its effects on production parameters of shaft
aggregate. At the beginning, the paper sums up the general concept
and experience in mathematical modelling of iron ore reduction. It
presents basic equation for the calculation and the main parts of the
developed model. In the experimental part, there is an example of
usage of the mathematical model. The paper describes the usage of
data for some predictive calculation. There are presented material,
method of carried test of iron ore reducibility. Then there are
graphically interpreted effects of used material on carbon
consumption, rate of direct reduction and the whole reduction
process.
Abstract: Modeling and forecasting dynamics of rainfall
occurrences constitute one of the major topics, which have been
largely treated by statisticians, hydrologists, climatologists and many
other groups of scientists. In the same issue, we propose, in the
present paper, a new hybrid method, which combines Extreme
Values and fractal theories. We illustrate the use of our methodology
for transformed Emberger Index series, constructed basing on data
recorded in Oujda (Morocco).
The index is treated at first by Peaks Over Threshold (POT)
approach, to identify excess observations over an optimal threshold u.
In the second step, we consider the resulting excess as a fractal object
included in one dimensional space of time. We identify fractal
dimension by the box counting. We discuss the prospect descriptions
of rainfall data sets under Generalized Pareto Distribution, assured by
Extreme Values Theory (EVT). We show that, despite of the
appropriateness of return periods given by POT approach, the
introduction of fractal dimension provides accurate interpretation
results, which can ameliorate apprehension of rainfall occurrences.
Abstract: Theory of interpretation of electromagnetic fields studied in the electrical prospecting with direct current is mainly developed for the case of a horizontal surface observation. However in practice we often have to work in difficult terrain surface. Conducting interpretation without the influence of topography can cause non-existent anomalies on sections. This raises the problem of studying the impact of different shapes of ground surface relief on the results of electrical prospecting's research. This research examines the numerical solutions of the direct problem of electrical prospecting for two-dimensional and three-dimensional media, taking into account the terrain. The problem is solved using the method of integral equations. The density of secondary currents on the relief surface is obtained.
Abstract: Bir El Djir is an important coastal township in Oran
department, located at 450 Km far away from Algiers on northwest of
Algeria. In this coastal area, the urban sprawl is one of the main
problems that reduce the limited highly fertile land. So, using the
remote sensing and GIS technologies have shown their great
capabilities to solve many earth resources issues.
The aim of this study is to produce land use and cover map for the
studied area at varied periods to monitor possible changes that may
occurred, particularly in the urban areas and subsequently predict
likely changes. For this, two spatial images SPOT and Landsat
satellites from 1987 and 2014 respectively were used to assess the
changes of urban expansion and encroachment during this period
with photo-interpretation and GIS approach.
The results revealed that the town of Bir El Djir has shown a
highest growth rate in the period 1987-2014 which is 1201.5 hectares
in terms of area. These expansions largely concern the new real estate
constructions falling within the social and promotional housing
programs launched by the government.
The most urban expansion is characterized by the new
construction in the form of spontaneous or peripheral precarious
habitat, but also unstructured slums settled especially in the
southeastern part of town.
Abstract: The concept of technology as well as itself has
evolved continuously over time, such that, nowadays, this concept is
still marked by myths and realities. Even the concept of science is
frequently misunderstood as technology. In this way, this paper
presents different forms of interpretation of the concept of technology
in the course of history, as well as the social and cultural aspects
associated with it, through an analysis made by means of insights
from sociological studies of science and technology and its multiple
relations with society. Through the analysis of contents, the paper
presents a classification of how technology is interpreted in the social
sphere and search channel efforts to show how a broader
understanding can contribute to better interpretations of how
scientific and technological development influences the environment
in which we operate. The text also presents a particular point of view
for the interpretation of the concept from the analysis throughout the
whole work.
Abstract: The present article seeks to carry out along the lines of
interpretation of the recent Portuguese Constitutional Court case law
on the possibility of an employee to observe a worship day imposed
by religious beliefs. In this approach to the question, considerations
on the subject of the relationship between religious freedom and
labour relations will inevitably arise. We intend to draw conclusions
of practical application from the court decisions on the matter of
freedom of religion.
Abstract: Background: With the perceived pain and poor
function experienced following knee arthroplasty, patients usually
feel un-satisfied. Yet, a controversy still persists on the appropriate
operative technique that doesn’t affect proprioception much.
Purpose: This study compared the effects of Cruciate Retaining
(CR) and Posterior Stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA on
dynamic balance, pain and functional performance following
rehabilitation.
Methods: Thirty patients with CRTKA (group I), thirty with
PSTKA (group II) and fifteen indicated for arthroplasty but weren’t
operated on yet (group III) participated in the study. The mean age
was 54.53±3.44, 55.13±3.48 and 55.33±2.32 years and BMI
35.7±3.03, 35.7±1.99 and 35.73±1.03 kg/m2 for groups I, II and III
respectively. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), WOMAC pain subscale
and Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) and Stair-Climbing (SC) tests were
used for assessment. Assessments were conducted four weeks preand
post-operatively, three, six and twelve months post-operatively
with the control group being assessed at the same time intervals. The
post-operative rehabilitation involved hospitalization (1st week),
home-based (2nd-4th weeks), and outpatient clinic (5th-12th weeks)
programs, follow-up to all groups for twelve months.
Results: The Mixed design MANOVA revealed that group I had
significantly lower pain scores and SC time compared with group II
three, six and twelve months post-operatively. Moreover, the BBS
scores increased significantly and the pain scores and TUG and SC
time decreased significantly six months post-operatively compared
with four weeks pre- and post-operatively and three months postoperatively
in groups I and II with the opposite being true four weeks
post-operatively. But no significant differences in BBS scores, pain
scores and TUG and SC time between six and twelve months postoperatively
in groups I and II.
Interpretation/Conclusion: CRTKA is preferable to PSTKA,
possibly due to the preserved human proprioceptors in the un-excised
PCL.
Abstract: This research study is an exploration of the selfdirected
professional development of teachers who teach in public
schools in an era of democracy and educational change in South
Africa. Amidst an ever-changing educational system, the teachers in
this study position themselves as self-directed teacher-learners where
they adopt particular learning practices which enable change within
the broader discourses of public schooling. Life-story interviews
were used to enter into the private and public spaces of five teachers
which offer glimpses of how particular systems shaped their
identities, and how the meanings of self-directed teacher-learner
shaped their learning practices. Through the Multidimensional
Framework of Analysis and Interpretation the teachers’ stories were
analysed through three lenses: restorying the field texts - the self
through story; the teacher-learner in relation to social contexts, and
practices of self-directed learning. This study shows that as teacherlearners
learn for change through self-directed learning practices,
they develop their agency as transformative intellectuals, which is
necessary for the reworking of South African public schools.
Abstract: E-learning has become an efficient and widespread
means of education at all levels of human activities. Statistics is no
exception. Unfortunately the main focus in statistics teaching is
usually paid to the substitution in formulas. Suitable websites can
simplify and automate calculations and provide more attention and
time to the basic principles of statistics, mathematization of real-life
situations and following interpretation of results. We now introduce
our own web-site for hypothesis testing. Its didactic aspects, the
technical possibilities of the individual tools, the experience of use
and the advantages or disadvantages are discussed in this paper. This
web-site is not a substitute for common statistical software but should
significantly improve the teaching of statistics at universities.
Abstract: The method of introducing the proxy interpretation for
sending and receiving requests increase the capability of the server
and our approach UDIV (User-Data Identity Security) to solve the
data and user authentication without extending size of the data makes
better than hybrid IDS (Intrusion Detection System). And at the same
time all the security stages we have framed have to pass through less
through that minimize the response time of the request. Even though
an anomaly detected, before rejecting it the proxy extracts its identity
to prevent it to enter into system. In case of false anomalies, the
request will be reshaped and transformed into legitimate request for
further response. Finally we are holding the normal and abnormal
requests in two different queues with own priorities.