Abstract: The most planted cover crops in the Czech Republic
are mustard (Sinapis alba) and phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia
Benth.). A field trial was executed to evaluate root system size (RSS)
in eight varieties of mustard and five varieties of phacelia on two
locations, in three BBCH phases and in two years. The relationship
between RSS and aboveground biomass was inquired. The root
system was assessed by measuring its electric capacity. Aboveground
mass and root samples to be evaluated by means of a digital image
analysis were recovered in the BBCH phase 70. The yield of
aboveground biomass of mustard was always statistically
significantly higher than that of phacelia. Mustard showed a
statistically significant negative correlation between root length
density (RLD) within 10 cm and aboveground biomass weight (r = -
0.46*). Phacelia featured a statistically significant correlation
between aboveground biomass production and nitrate nitrogen
content in soil (r=0.782**).
Abstract: Facial recognition and expression analysis is rapidly
becoming an area of intense interest in computer science and humancomputer
interaction design communities. The most expressive way
humans display emotions is through facial expressions. In this paper
skin and non-skin pixels were separated. Face regions were extracted
from the detected skin regions. Facial expressions are analyzed from
facial images by applying Gabor wavelet transform (GWT) and
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) on face images. Radial Basis
Function (RBF) Network is used to identify the person and to classify
the facial expressions. Our method reliably works even with faces,
which carry heavy expressions.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to rank the impact of Object
Oriented(OO) metrics in fault prediction modeling using Artificial
Neural Networks(ANNs). Past studies on empirical validation of
object oriented metrics as fault predictors using ANNs have focused
on the predictive quality of neural networks versus standard
statistical techniques. In this empirical study we turn our attention to
the capability of ANNs in ranking the impact of these explanatory
metrics on fault proneness. In ANNs data analysis approach, there is
no clear method of ranking the impact of individual metrics. Five
ANN based techniques are studied which rank object oriented
metrics in predicting fault proneness of classes. These techniques are
i) overall connection weights method ii) Garson-s method iii) The
partial derivatives methods iv) The Input Perturb method v) the
classical stepwise methods. We develop and evaluate different
prediction models based on the ranking of the metrics by the
individual techniques. The models based on overall connection
weights and partial derivatives methods have been found to be most
accurate.
Abstract: We demonstrate a nonfaradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement of biochemically modified gold plated electrodes using a two-electrode system. The absence of any redox indicator in the impedance measurements provide more precise and accurate characterization of the measured bioanalyte at molecular resolution. An equivalent electrical circuit of the electrodeelectrolyte interface was deduced from the observed impedance data of saline solution at low and high concentrations. The detection of biomolecular interactions was fundamentally correlated to electrical double-layer variation at modified interface. The investigations were done using 20mer deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strands without any label. Surface modification was performed by creating mixed monolayer of the thiol-modified single-stranded DNA and a spacer thiol (mercaptohexanol) by a two-step self-assembly method. The results clearly distinguish between the noncomplementary and complementary hybridization of DNA, at low frequency region below several hundreds Hertz.
Abstract: In this document, we have proposed a robust
conceptual strategy, in order to improve the robustness against the manufacturing defects and thus the reliability of logic CMOS circuits. However, in order to enable the use of future CMOS
technology nodes this strategy combines various types of design:
DFR (Design for Reliability), techniques of tolerance: hardware
redundancy TMR (Triple Modular Redundancy) for hard error
tolerance, the DFT (Design for Testability. The Results on largest ISCAS and ITC benchmark circuits show that our approach improves
considerably the reliability, by reducing the key factors, the area costs and fault tolerance probability.
Abstract: The impact of OO design on software quality
characteristics such as defect density and rework by mean of
experimental validation. Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism,
reusability, Data hiding and message-passing are the major attribute
of an Object Oriented system. In order to evaluate the quality of an
Object oriented system the above said attributes can act as indicators.
The metrics are the well known quantifiable approach to express any
attribute. Hence, in this paper we tried to formulate a framework of
metrics representing the attributes of object oriented system.
Empirical Data is collected from three different projects based on
object oriented paradigms to calculate the metrics.
Abstract: The similarity comparison of RNA secondary
structures is important in studying the functions of RNAs. In recent
years, most existing tools represent the secondary structures by
tree-based presentation and calculate the similarity by tree alignment
distance. Different to previous approaches, we propose a new method
based on maximum clique detection algorithm to extract the maximum
common structural elements in compared RNA secondary structures.
A new graph-based similarity measurement and maximum common
subgraph detection procedures for comparing purely RNA secondary
structures is introduced. Given two RNA secondary structures, the
proposed algorithm consists of a process to determine the score of the
structural similarity, followed by comparing vertices labelling, the
labelled edges and the exact degree of each vertex. The proposed
algorithm also consists of a process to extract the common structural
elements between compared secondary structures based on a proposed
maximum clique detection of the problem. This graph-based model
also can work with NC-IUB code to perform the pattern-based
searching. Therefore, it can be used to identify functional RNA motifs
from database or to extract common substructures between complex
RNA secondary structures. We have proved the performance of this
proposed algorithm by experimental results. It provides a new idea of
comparing RNA secondary structures. This tool is helpful to those
who are interested in structural bioinformatics.
Abstract: Computer aided design accounts with the support of
parametric software in the design of machine components as well as
of any other pieces of interest. The complexities of the element under
study sometimes offer certain difficulties to computer design, or ever
might generate mistakes in the final body conception. Reverse
engineering techniques are based on the transformation of already
conceived body images into a matrix of points which can be
visualized by the design software. The literature exhibits several
techniques to obtain machine components dimensional fields, as
contact instrument (MMC), calipers and optical methods as laser
scanner, holograms as well as moiré methods. The objective of this
research work was to analyze the moiré technique as instrument of
reverse engineering, applied to bodies of nom complex geometry as
simple solid figures, creating matrices of points. These matrices were
forwarded to a parametric software named SolidWorks to generate
the virtual object. Volume data obtained by mechanical means, i.e.,
by caliper, the volume obtained through the moiré method and the
volume generated by the SolidWorks software were compared and
found to be in close agreement. This research work suggests the
application of phase shifting moiré methods as instrument of reverse
engineering, serving also to support farm machinery element designs.
Abstract: The paper reports on the results of experimental and
numerical study of nonstationary swirling flow in an isothermal
model of vortex burner. It has been identified that main source of the
instability is related to a precessing vortex core (PVC) phenomenon.
The PVC induced flow pulsation characteristics such as precession
frequency and its variation as a function of flowrate and swirl number
have been explored making use of acoustic probes. Additionally
pressure transducers were used to measure the pressure drops on the
working chamber and across the vortex flow. The experiments have
been included also the mean velocity measurements making use of a
laser-Doppler anemometry. The features of instantaneous flowfield
generated by the PVC were analyzed employing a commercial CFD
code (Star-CCM+) based on Detached Eddy Simulation (DES)
approach. Validity of the numerical code has been checked by
comparison calculated flowfield data with the obtained experimental
results. It has been confirmed particularly that the CFD code applied
correctly reproduces the flow features.
Abstract: The seismic rehabilitation designs of two reinforced
concrete school buildings, representative of a wide stock of similar
edifices designed under earlier editions of the Italian Technical
Standards, are presented in this paper. The mutual retrofit solution
elaborated for the two buildings consists in the incorporation of a
dissipative bracing system including pressurized fluid viscous springdampers
as passive protective devices. The mechanical parameters,
layouts and locations selected for the constituting elements of the
system; the architectural renovation projects developed to properly
incorporate the structural interventions and improve the appearance
of the buildings; highlights of the installation works already
completed in one of the two structures; and a synthesis of the
performance assessment analyses carried out in original and
rehabilitated conditions, are illustrated. The results of the analyses
show a remarkable enhancement of the seismic response capacities of
both structures. This allows reaching the high performance objectives
postulated in the retrofit designs with much lower costs and
architectural intrusion as compared to traditional rehabilitation
interventions designed for the same objectives.
Abstract: We have solved the Burgers-Fisher (BF) type equations,
with time-dependent coefficients of convection and reaction terms,
by using the auxiliary equation method. A class of solitary wave
solutions are obtained, and some of which are derived for the first
time. We have studied the effect of variable coefficients on physical
parameters (amplitude and velocity) of solitary wave solutions. In
some cases, the BF equations could be solved for arbitrary timedependent
coefficient of convection term.
Abstract: This paper describes the NEAR (Navigating Exhibitions, Annotations and Resources) panel, a novel interactive visualization technique designed to help people navigate and interpret groups of resources, exhibitions and annotations by revealing hidden relations such as similarities and references. NEAR is implemented on A•VI•RE, an extended online information repository. A•VI•RE supports a semi-structured collection of exhibitions containing various resources and annotations. Users are encouraged to contribute, share, annotate and interpret resources in the system by building their own exhibitions and annotations. However, it is hard to navigate smoothly and efficiently in A•VI•RE because of its high capacity and complexity. We present a visual panel that implements new navigation and communication approaches that support discovery of implied relations. By quickly scanning and interacting with NEAR, users can see not only implied relations but also potential connections among different data elements. NEAR was tested by several users in the A•VI•RE system and shown to be a supportive navigation tool. In the paper, we further analyze the design, report the evaluation and consider its usage in other applications.
Abstract: In this paper, we present two new ranking and unranking
algorithms for k-ary trees represented by x-sequences in Gray
code order. These algorithms are based on a gray code generation algorithm
developed by Ahrabian et al.. In mentioned paper, a recursive
backtracking generation algorithm for x-sequences corresponding to
k-ary trees in Gray code was presented. This generation algorithm
is based on Vajnovszki-s algorithm for generating binary trees in
Gray code ordering. Up to our knowledge no ranking and unranking
algorithms were given for x-sequences in this ordering. we present
ranking and unranking algorithms with O(kn2) time complexity for
x-sequences in this Gray code ordering
Abstract: Flood management is one of the important fields in
urban storm water management. Floods are influenced by the
increase of huge storm event, or improper planning of the area. This study mainly provides the flood protection in four stages; planning,
flood event, responses and evaluation. However it is most effective then flood protection is considered in planning/design and
evaluation stages since both stages represent the land development of the area. Structural adjustments are often more reliable than nonstructural
adjustments in providing flood protection, however
structural adjustments are constrained by numerous factors such as
political constraints and cost. Therefore it is important to balance
both adjustments with the situation. The technical decisions provided
will have to be approved by the higher-ups who have the power to
decide on the final solution. Costs however, are the biggest factor in
determining the final decision. Therefore this study recommends
flood protection system should have been integrated and enforces
more in the early stages (planning and design) as part of the storm
water management plan. Factors influencing the technical decisions
provided should be reduced as low as possible to avoid a reduction in
the expected performance of the proposed adjustments.
Abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to study the concept
of fuzzy bi-ideals in ternary semirings. We give some characterizations of fuzzy bi-ideals. Characterizations of regular ternary semirings
are provided.
Abstract: S-boxes (Substitution boxes) are keystones of modern
symmetric cryptosystems (block ciphers, as well as stream ciphers).
S-boxes bring nonlinearity to cryptosystems and strengthen their
cryptographic security. They are used for confusion in data security
An S-box satisfies the strict avalanche criterion (SAC), if and only if
for any single input bit of the S-box, the inversion of it changes each
output bit with probability one half. If a function (cryptographic
transformation) is complete, then each output bit depends on all of
the input bits. Thus, if it were possible to find the simplest Boolean
expression for each output bit in terms of the input bits, each of these
expressions would have to contain all of the input bits if the function
is complete. From some important properties of S-box, the most
interesting property SAC (Strict Avalanche Criterion) is presented
and to analyze this property three analysis methods are proposed.
Abstract: This research intends to introduce a new usage of Artificial Intelligent (AI) approaches in Stepping Stone Detection (SSD) fields of research. By using Self-Organizing Map (SOM) approaches as the engine, through the experiment, it is shown that SOM has the capability to detect the number of connection chains that involved in a stepping stones. Realizing that by counting the number of connection chain is one of the important steps of stepping stone detection and it become the research focus currently, this research has chosen SOM as the AI techniques because of its capabilities. Through the experiment, it is shown that SOM can detect the number of involved connection chains in Network-based Stepping Stone Detection (NSSD).
Abstract: Based on the component approach, three kinds of
dynamic load models, including a single –motor model, a two-motor
model and composite load model have been developed for the
stability studies of Khuzestan power system. The study results are
presented in this paper. Voltage instability is a dynamic phenomenon
and therefore requires dynamic representation of the power system
components. Industrial loads contain a large fraction of induction
machines. Several models of different complexity are available for
the description investigations. This study evaluates the dynamic
performances of several dynamic load models in combination with
the dynamics of a load changing transformer. Case study is steel
industrial substation in Khuzestan power systems.
Abstract: Effectiveness of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers for fault diagnosis of
rolling element bearings are presented in this paper. The
characteristic features of vibration signals of rotating driveline that
was run in its normal condition and with faults introduced were used
as input to ANN and SVM classifiers. Simple statistical features such
as standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis etc. of the time-domain
vibration signal segments along with peaks of the signal and peak of
power spectral density (PSD) are used as features to input the ANN
and SVM classifier. The effect of preprocessing of the vibration
signal by Discreet Wavelet Transform (DWT) prior to feature
extraction is also studied. It is shown from the experimental results
that the performance of SVM classifier in identification of bearing
condition is better then ANN and pre-processing of vibration signal
by DWT enhances the effectiveness of both ANN and SVM classifier
Abstract: Thirty six samples from each (aerobic and anoxic)
activated sludge were collected from two wastewater treatment plants
with MBRs in Berlin, Germany. The samples were prepared for count
and definition of fungal isolates; these isolates were purified by
conventional techniques and identified by microscopic examination.
Sixty tow species belonging to 28 genera were isolated from
activated sludge samples under aerobic conditions (28 genera and 58
species) and anoxic conditions (26 genera and 52 species). The
obtained data show that, Aspergillus was found at 94.4% followed by
Penicillium 61.1 %, Fusarium (61.1 %), Trichoderma (44.4 %) and
Geotrichum candidum (41.6 %) species were the most prevalent in all
activated sludge samples. The study confirmed that fungi can thrive
in activated sludge and sporulation, but isolated in different numbers
depending on the effect of aeration system. Some fungal species in
our study are saprophytic, and other a pathogenic to plants and
animals.