Abstract: This paper provides a scheme to improve the read efficiency of anti-collision algorithm in EPCglobal UHF Class-1 Generation-2 RFID standard. In this standard, dynamic frame slotted ALOHA is specified to solve the anti-collision problem. Also, the Q-algorithm with a key parameter C is adopted to dynamically adjust the frame sizes. In the paper, we split the C parameter into two parameters to increase the read speed and derive the optimal values of the two parameters through simulations. The results indicate our method outperforms the original Q-algorithm.
Abstract: In syntactic pattern recognition a pattern can be
represented by a graph. Given an unknown pattern represented by
a graph g, the problem of recognition is to determine if the graph g
belongs to a language L(G) generated by a graph grammar G. The
so-called IE graphs have been defined in [1] for a description of
patterns. The IE graphs are generated by so-called ETPL(k) graph
grammars defined in [1]. An efficient, parsing algorithm for ETPL(k)
graph grammars for syntactic recognition of patterns represented by
IE graphs has been presented in [1]. In practice, structural
descriptions may contain pattern distortions, so that the assignment
of a graph g, representing an unknown pattern, to
a graph language L(G) generated by an ETPL(k) graph grammar G is
rejected by the ETPL(k) type parsing. Therefore, there is a need for
constructing effective parsing algorithms for recognition of distorted
patterns. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to
syntactic recognition of distorted patterns. To take into account all
variations of a distorted pattern under study, a probabilistic
description of the pattern is needed. A random IE graph approach is
proposed here for such a description ([2]).
Abstract: Combined conduction-free convection heat transfer in
vertical eccentric annuli is numerically investigated using a finitedifference
technique. Numerical results, representing the heat transfer
parameters such as annulus walls temperature, heat flux, and heat
absorbed in the developing region of the annulus, are presented for a
Newtonian fluid of Prandtl number 0.7, fluid-annulus radius ratio 0.5,
solid-fluid thermal conductivity ratio 10, inner and outer wall
dimensionless thicknesses 0.1 and 0.2, respectively, and
dimensionless eccentricities 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7. The annulus walls
are subjected to thermal boundary conditions, which are obtained by
heating one wall isothermally whereas keeping the other wall at inlet
fluid temperature. In the present paper, the annulus heights required
to achieve thermal full development for prescribed eccentricities are
obtained. Furthermore, the variation in the height of thermal full
development as function of the geometrical parameter, i.e.,
eccentricity is also investigated.
Abstract: This study develops a relation to explore the factors influencing management and technology capabilities in strategic alliances. Alliances between firms are recognizing increasingly popular as a vehicle to create and extract greater value from the market. Firm’s alliance can be described as the collaborative problem solving process to solve problems jointly. This study starts from research questions what factors of firm’s management and technology characteristics affect performance of firms which are formed alliances. In this study, we investigated the effect of strategic alliances on company performance. That is, we try to identify whether firms made an alliance with other organizations are differed by characteristics of management and technology. And we test that alliance type and alliance experiences moderate the relationship between firm’s capabilities and its performance. We employ problem-solving perspective and resource-based view perspective to shed light on this research questions. The empirical work is based on the Survey of Business Activities conducted from2006 to 2008 by Statistics Korea. We verify correlations between to point out that these results contribute new empirical evidence on the effect of strategic alliances on company performance.
Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the techniques for high speed data rate communication with main consideration for 4G and 5G systems. In OFDM, there are several mapping schemes which provide a way of parallel transmission. In this paper, comparisons of mapping schemes used by some standards have been made and also has been discussed about the performance of the non-conventional modulation technique. The Comparisons of Bit Error Rate (BER) performances for conventional and non-conventional modulation schemes have been done using MATLAB software. Mentioned schemes used in OFDM system can be selected on the basis of the requirement of power or spectrum efficiency and BER analysis.
Abstract: In this paper, we study on finite projective Hjelmslev planes M(Zq) coordinatized by Hjelmslev ring Zq (where prime power q = pk). We obtain finite hyperbolic Klingenberg planes from these planes under certain conditions. Also, we give a combinatorical result on M(Zq), related by deleting a line from lines in same neighbour.
Abstract: The aim of the current work is to present a comparison among three popular optimization methods in the inverse elastostatics problem (IESP) of flaw detection within a solid. In more details, the performance of a simulated annealing, a Hooke & Jeeves and a sequential quadratic programming algorithm was studied in the test case of one circular flaw in a plate solved by both the boundary element (BEM) and the finite element method (FEM). The proposed optimization methods use a cost function that utilizes the displacements of the static response. The methods were ranked according to the required number of iterations to converge and to their ability to locate the global optimum. Hence, a clear impression regarding the performance of the aforementioned algorithms in flaw identification problems was obtained. Furthermore, the coupling of BEM or FEM with these optimization methods was investigated in order to track differences in their performance.
Abstract: Bumpers play an important role in preventing the
impact energy from being transferred to the automobile and
passengers. Saving the impact energy in the bumper to be released in
the environment reduces the damages of the automobile and
passengers.
The goal of this paper is to design a bumper with minimum weight
by employing the Glass Material Thermoplastic (GMT) materials.
This bumper either absorbs the impact energy with its deformation or
transfers it perpendicular to the impact direction.
To reach this aim, a mechanism is designed to convert about 80%
of the kinetic impact energy to the spring potential energy and
release it to the environment in the low impact velocity according to
American standard1. In addition, since the residual kinetic energy
will be damped with the infinitesimal elastic deformation of the
bumper elements, the passengers will not sense any impact. It should
be noted that in this paper, modeling, solving and result-s analysis
are done in CATIA, LS-DYNA and ANSYS V8.0 software
respectively.
Abstract: True stress-strain curve of railhead steel is required to
investigate the behaviour of railhead under wheel loading through elasto-plastic Finite Element (FE) analysis. To reduce the rate of wear, the railhead material is hardened through annealing and
quenching. The Australian standard rail sections are not fully hardened and hence suffer from non-uniform distribution of the
material property; usage of average properties in the FE modelling can potentially induce error in the predicted plastic strains. Coupons
obtained at varying depths of the railhead were, therefore, tested under axial tension and the strains were measured using strain gauges as well as an image analysis technique, known as the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The head hardened steel exhibit existence of three distinct zones of yield strength; the yield strength as the ratio of the average yield strength provided in the standard (σyr=780MPa) and
the corresponding depth as the ratio of the head hardened zone along
the axis of symmetry are as follows: (1.17 σyr, 20%), (1.06 σyr, 20%-80%) and (0.71 σyr, > 80%). The stress-strain curves exhibit limited plastic zone with fracture occurring at strain less than 0.1.
Abstract: This paper presents a wavelet transform and Support
Vector Machine (SVM) based algorithm for estimating fault location
on transmission lines. The Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used
for data pre-processing and this data are used for training and testing
SVM. Five types of mother wavelet are used for signal processing to
identify a suitable wavelet family that is more appropriate for use in
estimating fault location. The results demonstrated the ability of SVM
to generalize the situation from the provided patterns and to
accurately estimate the location of faults with varying fault resistance.
Abstract: Modeling of complex dynamic systems, which are
very complicated to establish mathematical models, requires new and
modern methodologies that will exploit the existing expert
knowledge, human experience and historical data. Fuzzy cognitive
maps are very suitable, simple, and powerful tools for simulation and
analysis of these kinds of dynamic systems. However, human experts
are subjective and can handle only relatively simple fuzzy cognitive
maps; therefore, there is a need of developing new approaches for an
automated generation of fuzzy cognitive maps using historical data.
In this study, a new learning algorithm, which is called Big Bang-Big
Crunch, is proposed for the first time in literature for an automated
generation of fuzzy cognitive maps from data. Two real-world
examples; namely a process control system and radiation therapy
process, and one synthetic model are used to emphasize the
effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed methodology.
Abstract: The log periodogram regression is widely used in empirical
applications because of its simplicity, since only a least squares
regression is required to estimate the memory parameter, d, its good
asymptotic properties and its robustness to misspecification of the
short term behavior of the series. However, the asymptotic distribution
is a poor approximation of the (unknown) finite sample distribution
if the sample size is small. Here the finite sample performance of different
nonparametric residual bootstrap procedures is analyzed when
applied to construct confidence intervals. In particular, in addition to
the basic residual bootstrap, the local and block bootstrap that might
adequately replicate the structure that may arise in the errors of the
regression are considered when the series shows weak dependence in
addition to the long memory component. Bias correcting bootstrap
to adjust the bias caused by that structure is also considered. Finally,
the performance of the bootstrap in log periodogram regression based
confidence intervals is assessed in different type of models and how
its performance changes as sample size increases.
Abstract: This paper presents a distributed intrusion
detection system IDS, based on the concept of specialized
distributed agents community representing agents with the
same purpose for detecting distributed attacks. The semantic of
intrusion events occurring in a predetermined network has been
defined. The correlation rules referring the process which our
proposed IDS combines the captured events that is distributed
both spatially and temporally. And then the proposed IDS tries
to extract significant and broad patterns for set of well-known
attacks. The primary goal of our work is to provide intrusion
detection and real-time prevention capability against insider
attacks in distributed and fully automated environments.
Abstract: Purpose of this work is the development of an
automatic classification system which could be useful for radiologists
in the investigation of breast cancer. The software has been designed
in the framework of the MAGIC-5 collaboration.
In the automatic classification system the suspicious regions with
high probability to include a lesion are extracted from the image as
regions of interest (ROIs). Each ROI is characterized by some
features based on morphological lesion differences.
Some classifiers as a Feed Forward Neural Network, a K-Nearest
Neighbours and a Support Vector Machine are used to distinguish the
pathological records from the healthy ones.
The results obtained in terms of sensitivity (percentage of
pathological ROIs correctly classified) and specificity (percentage of
non-pathological ROIs correctly classified) will be presented through
the Receive Operating Characteristic curve (ROC). In particular the
best performances are 88% ± 1 of area under ROC curve obtained
with the Feed Forward Neural Network.
Abstract: Efficient modulo 2n+1 adders are important for
several applications including residue number system, digital signal
processors and cryptography algorithms. In this paper we present a
novel modulo 2n+1 addition algorithm for a recently represented
number system. The proposed approach is introduced for the
reduction of the power dissipated. In a conventional modulo 2n+1
adder, all operands have (n+1)-bit length. To avoid using (n+1)-bit
circuits, the diminished-1 and carry save diminished-1 number
systems can be effectively used in applications. In the paper, we also
derive two new architectures for designing modulo 2n+1 adder, based
on n-bit ripple-carry adder. The first architecture is a faster design
whereas the second one uses less hardware. In the proposed method,
the special treatment required for zero operands in Diminished-1
number system is removed. In the fastest modulo 2n+1 adders in
normal binary system, there are 3-operand adders. This problem is
also resolved in this paper. The proposed architectures are compared
with some efficient adders based on ripple-carry adder and highspeed
adder. It is shown that the hardware overhead and power
consumption will be reduced. As well as power reduction, in some
cases, power-delay product will be also reduced.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network is Multi hop Self-configuring
Wireless Network consisting of sensor nodes. The deployment of
wireless sensor networks in many application areas, e.g., aggregation
services, requires self-organization of the network nodes into clusters.
Efficient way to enhance the lifetime of the system is to partition the
network into distinct clusters with a high energy node as cluster head.
The different methods of node clustering techniques have appeared in
the literature, and roughly fall into two families; those based on the
construction of a dominating set and those which are based solely on
energy considerations. Energy optimized cluster formation for a set
of randomly scattered wireless sensors is presented. Sensors within a
cluster are expected to be communicating with cluster head only. The
energy constraint and limited computing resources of the sensor nodes
present the major challenges in gathering the data. In this paper we
propose a framework to study how partially correlated data affect the
performance of clustering algorithms. The total energy consumption
and network lifetime can be analyzed by combining random geometry
techniques and rate distortion theory. We also present the relation
between compression distortion and data correlation.
Abstract: Value engineering is an efficacious contraption for
administrators to make up their minds. Value perusals proffer the
gaffers a suitable instrument to decrease the expenditures of the life
span, quality amelioration, structural improvement, curtailment of the
construction schedule, longevity prolongation or a merging of the
aforementioned cases. Subjecting organizers to pressures on one
hand and their accountability towards their pertinent fields together
with inherent risks and ambiguities of other options on the other hand
set some comptrollers in a dilemma utilization of risk management
and the value engineering in projects manipulation with regard to
complexities of implementing projects can be wielded as a
contraption to identify and efface each item which wreaks
unnecessary expenses and time squandering sans inflicting any
damages upon the essential project applications. Of course It should
be noted that implementation of risk management and value
engineering with regard to the betterment of efficiency and functions
may lead to the project implementation timing elongation. Here time
revamping does not refer to time diminishing in the whole cases. his
article deals with risk and value engineering conceptualizations at
first. The germane reverberations effectuated due to its execution in
Iran Khodro Corporation are regarded together with the joint features
and amalgamation of the aforesaid entia; hence the proposed
blueprint is submitted to be taken advantage of in engineering and
industrial projects including Iran Khodro Corporation.
Abstract: The hard clam (meretrix lusoria) cultivated industry
has been developed vigorously for recent years in Taiwan, and
seawater quality determines the cultivated environment. The pH
concentration variation affects survival rate of meretrix lusoria
immediately. In order to monitor seawater quality, solid-state sensing
electrode of ruthenium-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2:Ru) is developed
to measure hydrogen ion concentration in different cultivated
solutions. Because the TiO2:Ru sensing electrode has high chemical
stability and superior sensing characteristics, thus it is applied as a pH
sensor. Response voltages of TiO2:Ru sensing electrode are readout by
instrument amplifier in different sample solutions. Mean sensitivity
and linearity of TiO2:Ru sensing electrode are 55.20 mV/pH and 0.999
from pH1 to pH13, respectively. We expect that the TiO2:Ru sensing
electrode can be applied to real environment measurement, therefore
we collect two sample solutions by different meretrix lusoria
cultivated ponds in the Yunlin, Taiwan. The two sample solutions are
both measured for 200 seconds after calibration of standard pH buffer
solutions (pH7, pH8 and pH 9). Mean response voltages of sample 1
and sample 2 are -178.758 mV (Standard deviation=0.427 mV) and
-180.206 mV (Standard deviation =0.399 mV), respectively. Response
voltages of the two sample solutions are between pH 8 and pH 9 which
conform to weak alkali range and suitable meretrix lusoria growth. For
long-term monitoring, drift of cultivated solutions (sample 1 and
sample 2) are 1.16 mV/hour and 1.03 mV/hour, respectively.
Abstract: The experimental design was 4 x 5 factorial with three
replications in fully controlled research greenhouse in Department of
Soil Sciences and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University
of Selcuk in the year of 2009. Determination of tolerant chickpea
genotypes to drought was made in the research. Additionally,
sophisticated effects of drought on plant growth and development,
biochemical and physical properties or physical defense mechanisms
were presented. According to the results, the primary genotypes were
Ilgın YP (0.0063 g/gh) for leaf water capacity, 22235 70.44(%) for
relative water content, 22159 (82.47%) for real water content,
22159 (5.03 mg/l) for chlorophyll a+b, Ilgın YP (125.89 nmol
H2O2.dak-1/ mg protein-1) for peroxidase, Yunak YP (769.67
unit/ mg protein-1) for superoxide dismutase, Seydişehir YP
(16.74 μg.TA-1) for proline, Gökçe (80.01 nmol H2O2.dak-1/ mg
protein-1) for catalase. Consequently, all the genotypes
increased their enzyme activity depending on the increasing of
drought stress consider with the effects of drought stress on leaf
enzyme activity. Chickpea genotypes are increasing enzyme
activity against to drought stress.
Abstract: Recently ORC(Organic Rankine Cycle) has attracted
much attention due to its potential in reducing consumption of fossil
fuels and its favorable characteristics to exploit low-grade heat sources.
In this work thermodynamic performance of ORC with superheating of
vapor is comparatively assessed for various working fluids. Special
attention is paid to the effects of system parameters such as the evaporating
temperature and the turbine inlet temperature on the characteristics
of the system such as maximum possible work extraction from
the given source, volumetric flow rate per 1 kW of net work and
quality of the working fluid at turbine exit as well as thermal and
exergy efficiencies. Results show that for a given source the thermal
efficiency increases with decrease of the superheating but exergy
efficiency may have a maximum value with respect to the superheating
of the working fluid. Results also show that in selection of working
fluid it is required to consider various criteria of performance characteristics
as well as thermal efficiency.