Abstract: The quality of Ribbed Smoked Sheets
(RSS) primarily based on color, dryness, and the presence or
absence of fungus and bubbles. This quality is strongly
influenced by the drying and fumigation process namely
smoking process. Smoking that is held in high temperature
long time will result scorched dark brown sheets, whereas if
the temperature is too low or slow drying rate would resulted
in less mature sheets and growth of fungus. Therefore need to
find the time and temperature for optimum quality of sheets.
Enhance, unmonitored heat and mass transfer during smoking
process lead to high losses of energy balance. This research
aims to generate simple empirical mathematical model
describing the effect of smoking time and temperature to RSS
quality of color, water content, fungus and bubbles. The
second goal of study was to analyze energy balance during
smoking process. Experimental study was conducted by
measuring temperature, residence time and quality parameters
of 16 sheets sample in smoking rooms. Data for energy
consumption balance such as mass of fuel wood, mass of
sheets being smoked, construction temperature, ambient
temperature and relative humidity were taken directly along
the smoking process. It was found that mathematical model
correlating smoking temperature and time with color is Color
= -169 - 0.184 T4 - 0.193 T3 - 0.160 0.405 T1 + T2 + 0.388 t1
+3.11 t2 + 3.92t3 + 0.215 t4 with R square 50.8% and with
moisture is Moisture = -1.40-0.00123 T4 + 0.00032 T3 +
0.00260 T2 - 0.00292 T1 - 0.0105 t1 + 0.0290 t2 + 0.0452 t3
+ 0.00061 t4 with R square of 49.9%. Smoking room energy
analysis found useful energy was 27.8%. The energy stored in
the material construction 7.3%. Lost of energy in conversion
of wood combustion, ventilation and others were 16.6%. The
energy flowed out through the contact of material construction
with the ambient air was found to be the highest contribution
to energy losses, it reached 48.3%.
Abstract: In North America, Most power distribution systems
employ a four-wire multi-grounded neutral (MGN) design. This paper has explained the inherent characteristics of multi-grounded three-phase four-wire distribution systems under unbalanced
situations. As a result, the mechanism of voltage swell and voltage sag in MGN feeders becomes difficult to understand. The simulation
tool that has been used in this paper is MATLAB under Windows software. In this paper the equivalent model of a full-scale multigrounded
distribution system implemented by MATLAB is
introduced. The results are expected to help utility engineers to understand the impact of MGN on distribution system operations.
Abstract: IMCS is Integrated Monitoring and Control System for
thermal power plant. This system consists of mainly two parts; controllers and OIS (Operator Interface System). These two parts are
connected by Ethernet-based communication. The controller side of communication is managed by CNet module and OIS side is managed
by data server of OIS. CNet module sends the data of controller to data
server and receives commend data from data server. To minimizes or
balance the load of data server, this module buffers data created by controller at every cycle and send buffered data to data server on request of data server. For multiple data server, this module manages
the connection line with each data server and response for each request
from multiple data server. CNet module is included in each controller
of redundant system. When controller fail-over happens on redundant system, this module can provide data of controller to data sever
without loss. This paper presents three main features – separation of get task, usage of ring buffer and monitoring communication status –of CNet module to carry out these functions.
Abstract: Intelligent traffic surveillance technology is an issue in
the field of traffic data analysis. Therefore, we need the technology to
detect moving objects in real-time while there are variations in background and natural light. In this paper, we proposed a Weighted-Center Surround Difference
method for object detection in outdoor environments. The proposed system detects objects using the saliency map that is obtained by
analyzing the weight of each layers of Gaussian pyramid. In order to validate the effectiveness of our system, we implemented the proposed
method using a digital signal processor, TMS320DM6437.
Experimental results show that blurred noisy around objects was effectively eliminated and the object detection accuracy is improved.
Abstract: Human activity is a major concern in a wide variety of
applications, such as video surveillance, human computer interface
and face image database management. Detecting and recognizing
faces is a crucial step in these applications. Furthermore, major
advancements and initiatives in security applications in the past years
have propelled face recognition technology into the spotlight. The
performance of existing face recognition systems declines significantly
if the resolution of the face image falls below a certain level.
This is especially critical in surveillance imagery where often, due to
many reasons, only low-resolution video of faces is available. If these
low-resolution images are passed to a face recognition system, the
performance is usually unacceptable. Hence, resolution plays a key
role in face recognition systems. In this paper we introduce a new
low resolution face recognition system based on mixture of expert
neural networks. In order to produce the low resolution input images
we down-sampled the 48 × 48 ORL images to 12 × 12 ones using
the nearest neighbor interpolation method and after that applying
the bicubic interpolation method yields enhanced images which is
given to the Principal Component Analysis feature extractor system.
Comparison with some of the most related methods indicates that
the proposed novel model yields excellent recognition rate in low
resolution face recognition that is the recognition rate of 100% for
the training set and 96.5% for the test set.
Abstract: In this article a modification of the algorithm of the fuzzy ART network, aiming at returning it supervised is carried out. It consists of the search for the comparison, training and vigilance parameters giving the minimum quadratic distances between the output of the training base and those obtained by the network. The same process is applied for the determination of the parameters of the fuzzy ARTMAP giving the most powerful network. The modification consist in making learn the fuzzy ARTMAP a base of examples not only once as it is of use, but as many time as its architecture is in evolution or than the objective error is not reached . In this way, we don-t worry about the values to impose on the eight (08) parameters of the network. To evaluate each one of these three networks modified, a comparison of their performances is carried out. As application we carried out a classification of the image of Algiers-s bay taken by SPOT XS. We use as criterion of evaluation the training duration, the mean square error (MSE) in step control and the rate of good classification per class. The results of this study presented as curves, tables and images show that modified fuzzy ARTMAP presents the best compromise quality/computing time.
Abstract: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is one of the most
important catalytic reactions that convert the synthetic gas to light
and heavy hydrocarbons. One of the main issues is selecting the type
of reactor. The slurry bubble reactor is suitable choice for Fischer-
Tropsch synthesis because of its good qualification to transfer heat
and mass, high durability of catalyst, low cost maintenance and
repair. The more common catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are
Iron-based and Cobalt-based catalysts, the advantage of these
catalysts on each other depends on which type of hydrocarbons we
desire to produce. In this study, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is modeled
with Iron and Cobalt catalysts in a slurry bubble reactor considering
mass and momentum balance and the hydrodynamic relations effect
on the reactor behavior. Profiles of reactant conversion and reactant
concentration in gas and liquid phases were determined as the
functions of residence time in the reactor. The effects of temperature,
pressure, liquid velocity, reactor diameter, catalyst diameter, gasliquid
and liquid-solid mass transfer coefficients and kinetic
coefficients on the reactant conversion have been studied. With 5%
increase of liquid velocity (with Iron catalyst), H2 conversions
increase about 6% and CO conversion increase about 4%, With 8%
increase of liquid velocity (with Cobalt catalyst), H2 conversions
increase about 26% and CO conversion increase about 4%. With
20% increase of gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient (with Iron
catalyst), H2 conversions increase about 12% and CO conversion
increase about 10% and with Cobalt catalyst H2 conversions increase
about 10% and CO conversion increase about 6%. Results show that
the process is sensitive to gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient and
optimum condition operation occurs in maximum possible liquid
velocity. This velocity must be more than minimum fluidization
velocity and less than terminal velocity in such a way that avoid
catalysts particles from leaving the fluidized bed.
Abstract: The three-time-scale plant model of a wind power
generator, including a wind turbine, a flexible vertical shaft, a Variable
Inertia Flywheel (VIF) module, an Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB)
unit and the applied wind sequence, is constructed. In order to make
the wind power generator be still able to operate as the spindle speed
exceeds its rated speed, the VIF is equipped so that the spindle speed
can be appropriately slowed down once any stronger wind field is
exerted. To prevent any potential damage due to collision by shaft
against conventional bearings, the AMB unit is proposed to regulate
the shaft position deviation. By singular perturbation order-reduction
technique, a lower-order plant model can be established for the
synthesis of feedback controller. Two major system parameter
uncertainties, an additive uncertainty and a multiplicative uncertainty,
are constituted by the wind turbine and the VIF respectively.
Frequency Shaping Sliding Mode Control (FSSMC) loop is proposed
to account for these uncertainties and suppress the unmodeled
higher-order plant dynamics. At last, the efficacy of the FSSMC is
verified by intensive computer and experimental simulations for
regulation on position deviation of the shaft and counter-balance of
unpredictable wind disturbance.
Abstract: Cyber physical system (CPS) for target tracking, military surveillance, human health monitoring, and vehicle detection all require maximizing the utility and saving the energy. Sensor selection is one of the most important parts of CPS. Sensor selection problem (SSP) is concentrating to balance the tradeoff between the number of sensors which we used and the utility which we will get. In this paper, we propose a performance constrained slide windows (PCSW) based algorithm for SSP in CPS. we present results of extensive simulations that we have carried out to test and validate the PCSW algorithms when we track a target, Experiment shows that the PCSW based algorithm improved the performance including selecting time and communication times for selecting.
Abstract: Experimental data from an atmospheric air/water terrain slugging case has been made available by the Shell Amsterdam research center, and has been subject to numerical simulation and comparison with a one-dimensional two-phase slug tracking simulator under development at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The code is based on tracking of liquid slugs in pipelines by use of a Lagrangian grid formulation implemented in Cµ by use of object oriented techniques. An existing hybrid spatial discretization scheme is tested, in which the stratified regions are modelled by the two-fluid model. The slug regions are treated incompressible, thus requiring a single momentum balance over the whole slug. Upon comparison with the experimental data, the period of the simulated severe slugging cycle is observed to be sensitive to slug generation in the horizontal parts of the system. Two different slug initiation methods have been tested with the slug tracking code, and grid dependency has been investigated.
Abstract: Single-pole switching scheme is widely used in the
Extra High Voltage system. However, the substantial negativesequence
current injected to the turbine-generators imposes the
electromagnetic (E/M) torque of double system- frequency
components during the dead time (between single-pole clearing and
line reclosing). This would induce supersynchronous resonance
(SPSR) torque amplifications on low pressure turbine generator
blades and even lead to fatigue damage. This paper proposes the
design of a mechanical filter (MF) with natural frequency close to
double-system frequency. From the simulation results, it is found that
such a filter not only successfully damps the resonant effect, but also
has the characteristics of feasibility and compact.
Abstract: Transesterification of candlenut (aleurites moluccana)
oil with methanol using potassium hydroxide as catalyst was
studied. The objective of the present investigation was to produce
the methyl ester for use as biodiesel. The operation variables
employed were methanol to oil molar ratio (3:1 – 9:1), catalyst
concentration (0.50 – 1.5 %) and temperature (303 – 343K). Oil
volume of 150 mL, reaction time of 75 min were fixed as common
parameters in all the experiments. The concentration of methyl ester
was evaluated by mass balance of free glycerol formed which was
analyzed by using periodic acid. The optimal triglyceride conversion
was attained by using methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, potassium
hydroxide as catalyst was of 1%, at room temperature. Methyl ester
formed was characterized by its density, viscosity, cloud and pour
points. The biodiesel properties had properties similar to those of
diesel oil, except for the viscosity that was higher.
Abstract: Distance education program is a dimension of contemporary and new education technologies. Concepts and applications in this field are the results of a series of educational demands and developments in various communication and education technologies. Distance education applications have some conceptual bases. These are creating new education opportunities, realizing work-education unity, getting democratic in education, lifelong education, tendency to individual matters, effective use of institutions, integration of technology and education, tendency to individual and social needs, taking three dimensional integration as the main principle (publishing, printed materials and face to face education), reaching maximum mass, individual and mass education integrity and education demand and financial matters balance. Economics, Business Administration and Open Education faculties, which have been giving education within Anadolu University since 1982 in Turkey, are carrying on education with nearly 1.000.000 students. The aim of this study is to determine organizational commitment levels of students who have been studying at Anadolu University Economics, Business Administration and Open Education faculties in the scope of affective, continuance and nominative commitment in Allen&Meyer model. In the study, organizational commitment of the Economics, Business Administration and Open Education faculty students, who are receiving education by means of distance education, to their faculties is dealt after introducing Anadolu University Distance Education system which gives higher education via distance education method in Turkey. In order to increase the success level of faculties it is required for students to have high level of organizational commitment to their faculties. A questionnaire has been applied by using “Organizational Commitment Scale", developed by Meyer&Allen to determine organizational commitments of Economics, Business Administration and Open Education students. Organizational commitment is dealt with as affective, continuance and nominative commitment. The questionnaire was applied face to face to randomly chosen 500 students living in Eskişehir and the data was downloaded to the computer by using SPSS program and the results were analyzed in terms of demographic features (gender, age, marital status, years of study, work and income level) of students by using frequency test, ttest and ANOVA test. As a result of these analyses, when the comments of Open Education Faculty students on levels of affective, continuance and nominative commitment to their faculties were examined, it has been revealed that continuance commitment level has the highest rate. Among the female participants; continuance commitment is high in the age range of 30-40, for normative commitment it is 17-22. However no dominant age range was defined for affective commitment. Regarding the marital status; continuance commitment average is higher among married participants; but nominative affective commitment average is higher among single participants. As to the years of study, affective and continuance commitment is higher among senior students while normative commitment is higher among junior students. Moreover; in terms of continuance, affective and normative commitment, those who do not work and have low income have higher level of all there commitment types than those who work and have relatively high income.
Abstract: Nowadays, the performance required for concrete
structures is more complicated and diversified. Self-compacting
concrete is a fluid mixture suitable for placing in structures with
congested reinforcement without vibration. Self-compacting concrete
development must ensure a good balance between deformability and
stability. Also, compatibility is affected by the characteristics of
materials and the mix proportions; it becomes necessary to evolve a
procedure for mix design of SCC.
This paper presents an experimental procedure for the design of
self-compacting concrete mixes with different water-cement ratios
(w/c) and other constant ratios by local materials. The test results for
acceptance characteristics of self-compacting concrete such as slump
flow, V-funnel and L-Box are presented. Further, compressive
strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of specimens were
also determined and results are included here
Abstract: The growing problem of youth unemployment in
Egypt after the 25th January Revolution has directed the attention of
some human resource experts towards considering remote
employment as a partial remedy for the unemployed youth instead of
the unavailable traditional jobs, a trend which will also help with the
congested offices and unsolved traffic problem in Cairo and spread
a flexible work culture, but despite of that, the main issue remains
unresolved for these organizations to deal with the system challenges.
In the past few years, in developed countries, there has been a
growing trend for many companies to shift to remote employment
instead of the traditional office employment for many reasons: due to
the growing technological advances that helped some employees do
their work from home on a part time basis, the need for achieving an
employee-s work balance in the middle of unbalanced complicated
life, top management focus on employee-s productivity rather their
time spent at work. The objective of this paper is to study and analyze
the advantages and challenges that Egypt-s labor force will be facing
in their implementation of remote or virtual employment in both
government and private organizations after the 25th January
revolution. Therefore, the research question will be: What are the
advantages and different challenges that Egyptian organizations
might face in their implementation for remote employment system
and how can they manage these challenges for the system to work
effectively? The study is divided into six main parts: the introduction,
objective and importance of the study, research problem,
methodology, experience of some countries that implemented remote
employment, advantages and challenges of implementing remote
employment in Egypt and then the conclusion which discuses the
results and recommendations of the study.
Abstract: This paper presents a dynamic model for mechanical
loads of an electric drive, including angular misalignment and
including load unbalance. The misalignment model represents the
effects of the universal joint between the motor and the mechanical
load. Simulation results are presented for an induction motor driving
a mechanical load with angular misalignment for both flexible and
rigid coupling. The models presented are very useful in the study of
mechanical fault detection in induction motors, using mechanical and
electrical signals already available in a drive system, such as speed,
torque and stator currents.
Abstract: This paper describes a steady state model of a multiple
effect evaporator system for simulation and control purposes. The
model includes overall as well as component mass balance equations,
energy balance equations and heat transfer rate equations for area
calculations for all the effects. Each effect in the process is
represented by a number of variables which are related by the energy
and material balance equations for the feed, product and vapor flow
for backward, mixed and split feed. For simulation 'fsolve' solver in
MATLAB source code is used. The optimality of three sequences i.e.
backward, mixed and splitting feed is studied by varying the various
input parameters.
Abstract: This paper demonstrates how the soft systems
methodology can be used to improve the delivery of a module in data warehousing for fourth year information technology students.
Graduates in information technology needs to have academic skills
but also needs to have good practical skills to meet the skills requirements of the information technology industry. In developing
and improving current data warehousing education modules one has to find a balance in meeting the expectations of various role players such as the students themselves, industry and academia. The soft
systems methodology, developed by Peter Checkland, provides a
methodology for facilitating problem understanding from different world views. In this paper it is demonstrated how the soft systems methodology can be used to plan the improvement of data
warehousing education for fourth year information technology students.
Abstract: The objectif of the present work is to determinate the
potential of the solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) for use in the
design of a solar thermal power plant in Algeria. The study is based
on a mathematical modeling of the PTC. Heat balance has been
established respectively on the heat transfer fluid (HTF), the absorber
tube and the glass envelop using the principle of energy conservation
at each surface of the HCE cross-sectionn. The modified Euler
method is used to solve the obtained differential equations. At first
the results for typical days of two seasons the thermal behavior of the
HTF, the absorber and the envelope are obtained. Then to determine
the thermal performances of the heat transfer fluid, different oils are
considered and their temperature and heat gain evolutions compared.
Abstract: The measurement of aerodynamic forces and moments
acting on an aircraft model is important for the development of wind
tunnel measurement technology to predict the performance of the full
scale vehicle. The potentials of an aircraft model with and without
winglet and aerodynamic characteristics with NACA wing No. 65-3-
218 have been studied using subsonic wind tunnel of 1 m × 1 m
rectangular test section and 2.5 m long of Aerodynamics Laboratory
Faculty of Engineering (University Putra Malaysia). Focusing on
analyzing the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft model, two
main issues are studied in this paper. First, a six component wind
tunnel external balance is used for measuring lift, drag and pitching
moment. Secondly, Tests are conducted on the aircraft model with
and without winglet of two configurations at Reynolds numbers
1.7×105, 2.1×105, and 2.5×105 for different angle of attacks. Fuzzy
logic approach is found as efficient for the representation,
manipulation and utilization of aerodynamic characteristics.
Therefore, the primary purpose of this work was to investigate the
relationship between lift and drag coefficients, with free-stream
velocities and angle of attacks, and to illustrate how fuzzy logic
might play an important role in study of lift aerodynamic
characteristics of an aircraft model with the addition of certain
winglet configurations. Results of the developed fuzzy logic were
compared with the experimental results. For lift coefficient analysis,
the mean of actual and predicted values were 0.62 and 0.60
respectively. The coreelation between actual and predicted values
(from FLS model) of lift coefficient in different angle of attack was
found as 0.99. The mean relative error of actual and predicted valus
was found as 5.18% for the velocity of 26.36 m/s which was found to
be less than the acceptable limits (10%). The goodness of fit of
prediction value was 0.95 which was close to 1.0.