Abstract: In this paper, autonomous performance of a small
manufactured unmanned helicopter is tried to be increased. For this
purpose, a small unmanned helicopter is manufactured in Erciyes
University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics. It is called as
ZANKA-Heli-I. For performance maximization, autopilot parameters
are determined via minimizing a cost function consisting of flight
performance parameters such as settling time, rise time, overshoot
during trajectory tracking. For this purpose, a stochastic optimization
method named as simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation
is benefited. Using this approach, considerable autonomous
performance increase (around %23) is obtained.
Abstract: In this paper, it is aimed to improve autonomous flight
performance of a load-carrying (payload: 3 kg and total: 6kg)
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) through active wing and horizontal
tail active morphing and also integrated autopilot system parameters
(i.e. P, I, D gains) and UAV parameters (i.e. extension ratios of wing
and horizontal tail during flight) design. For this purpose, a loadcarrying
UAV (i.e. ZANKA-II) is manufactured in Erciyes
University, College of Aviation, Model Aircraft Laboratory is
benefited. Optimum values of UAV parameters and autopilot
parameters are obtained using a stochastic optimization method.
Using this approach autonomous flight performance of UAV is
substantially improved and also in some adverse weather conditions
an opportunity for safe flight is satisfied. Active morphing and
integrated design approach gives confidence, high performance and
easy-utility request of UAV users.
Abstract: A composite material with carbon fiber and polymer
matrix has been used as adherent for manufacturing adhesive joints.
In order to evaluate different fiber orientations on joint performance,
the adherents with the 0°, ±15°, ±30°, ±45° fiber orientations were
used in the single lap joint configuration. The joints with an overlap
length of 25 mm were prepared according to the ASTM 1002
specifications and subjected to tensile loadings. The structural
adhesive used was a two-part epoxy to be cured at 70°C for an hour.
First, mechanical behaviors of the adherents were measured using
three point bending test. In the test, considerations were given to
stress to failure and elastic modulus. The results were compared with
theoretical ones using rule of mixture. Then, the joints were
manufactured in a specially prepared jig, after a proper surface
preparation. Experimental results showed that the fiber orientations
of the adherents affected the joint performance considerably; the
joints with ±45° adherents experienced the worst shear strength, half
of those with 0° adherents, and in general, there was a great
relationship between the fiber orientations and failure mechanisms.
Delamination problems were observed for many joints, which were
thought to be due to peel effects at the ends of the overlap. It was
proved that the surface preparation applied to the adherent surface
was adequate. For further explanation of the results, a numerical
work should be carried out using a possible non-linear analysis.
Abstract: This paper investigates the application of metallic
coatings on high fiber volume fraction carbon/epoxy polymer matrix
composites. For the grip of the metallic layer, a method of modifying
the surface of the composite by introducing a mixture of copper and
steel powder (filler powders) which can reduce the impact of thermal
spray particles. The powder was introduced to the surface at the time
of the forming. Arc spray was used to project the zinc coating layer.
The substrate was grit blasted to avoid poor adherence. The porosity, microstructure, and morphology of layers are
characterized by optical microscopy, SEM and image analysis. The
samples were studied also in terms of hardness and erosion resistance.
This investigation did not reveal any visible evidence damage to the
substrates. The hardness of zinc layer was about 25.94 MPa and the
porosity was around (∼6.70%). The erosion test showed that the zinc
coating improves the resistance to erosion. Based on the results
obtained, we can conclude that thermal spraying allows the production
of protective coating on PMC. Zinc coating has been identified as a
compatible material with the substrate. The filler powders layer
protects the substrate from the impact of hot particles and allows
avoiding the rupture of brittle carbon fibers.
Abstract: The rising demand for format-flexible packaging
machines is caused by current market changes. Increasing the formatflexibility
is a new goal for the packaging machine manufacturers’
product development process. There are no methodical or designorientated
tools for a comprehensive consideration of this target. This
paper defines the term format-flexibility in the context of packaging
machines and shows the state-of-the-art for improving the
changeover of production machines. The requirements for a new
approach and the concept itself will be introduced, and the method
elements will be explained. Finally, the use of the concept and the
result of the development of a format-flexible packaging machine
will be shown.
Abstract: Smart metering and demand response are gaining
ground in industrial and residential applications. Smart Appliances
have been given concern towards achieving Smart home. The success
of Smart grid development relies on the successful implementation of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in power sector.
Smart Appliances have been the technology under development and
many new contributions to its realization have been reported in the
last few years. The role of ICT here is to capture data in real time,
thereby allowing bi-directional flow of information/data between
producing and utilization point; that lead a way for the attainment of
Smart appliances where home appliances can communicate between
themselves and provide a self-control (switch on and off) using the
signal (information) obtained from the grid. This paper depicts the
background on ICT for smart appliances paying a particular attention
to the current technology and identifying the future ICT trends for
load monitoring through which smart appliances can be achieved to
facilitate an efficient smart home system which promote demand
response program. This paper grouped and reviewed the recent
contributions, in order to establish the current state of the art and
trends of the technology, so that the reader can be provided with a
comprehensive and insightful review of where ICT for smart
appliances stands and is heading to. The paper also presents a brief
overview of communication types, and then narrowed the discussion
to the load monitoring (Non-intrusive Appliances Load Monitoring
‘NALM’). Finally, some future trends and challenges in the further
development of the ICT framework are discussed to motivate future
contributions that address open problems and explore new
possibilities.
Abstract: The very well-known stacked sets of numbers referred
to as Pascal’s triangle present the coefficients of the binomial
expansion of the form (x+y)n. This paper presents an approach (the
Staircase Horizontal Vertical, SHV-method) to the generalization of
planar Pascal’s triangle for polynomial expansion of the form
(x+y+z+w+r+⋯)n. The presented generalization of Pascal’s triangle
is different from other generalizations of Pascal’s triangles given in
the literature. The coefficients of the generalized Pascal’s triangles,
presented in this work, are generated by inspection, using embedded
Pascal’s triangles. The coefficients of I-variables expansion are
generated by horizontally laying out the Pascal’s elements of (I-1)
variables expansion, in a staircase manner, and multiplying them with
the relevant columns of vertically laid out classical Pascal’s elements,
hence avoiding factorial calculations for generating the coefficients
of the polynomial expansion. Furthermore, the classical Pascal’s
triangle has some pattern built into it regarding its odd and even
numbers. Such pattern is known as the Sierpinski’s triangle. In this
study, a presentation of Sierpinski-like patterns of the generalized
Pascal’s triangles is given. Applications related to those coefficients
of the binomial expansion (Pascal’s triangle), or polynomial
expansion (generalized Pascal’s triangles) can be in areas of
combinatorics, and probabilities.
Abstract: The recent instability in economy was found to be
influencing the situation in Malaysia whether directly or indirectly.
Taking that into consideration, the government needs to find the best
approach to balance its citizen’s socio-economic strata level urgently.
Through education platform is among the efforts planned and acted
upon for the purpose of balancing the effects of the influence,
through the exposure of social entrepreneurial activity towards youth
especially those in higher institution level. Armed with knowledge
and skills that they gained, with the support by entrepreneurial
culture and environment while in campus; indirectly, the students will
lean more on making social entrepreneurship as a career option when
they graduate. Following the issues of marketability and workability
of current graduates that are becoming dire, research involving how
far the willingness of student to create social innovation that
contribute to the society without focusing solely on personal gain is
relevant enough to be conducted. With that, this research is
conducted with the purpose of identifying the level of entrepreneurial
intention and social entrepreneurship among higher institution
students in Malaysia. Stratified random sampling involves 355
undergraduate students from five public universities had been made
as research respondents and data were collected through surveys. The
data was then analyzed descriptively using min score and standard
deviation. The study found that the entrepreneurial intention of higher
education students are on moderate level, however it is the contrary
for social entrepreneurship activities, where it was shown on a high
level. This means that while the students only have moderate level of
willingness to be a social entrepreneur, they are very committed to
created social innovation through the social entrepreneurship
activities conducted. The implication from this study can be
contributed towards the higher institution authorities in prediction the
tendency of student in becoming social entrepreneurs. Thus, the
opportunities and facilities for realizing the courses related to social
entrepreneurship must be created expansively so that the vision of
creating as many social entrepreneurs as possible can be achieved.
Abstract: We present an approach to triangle mesh simplification
designed to be executed on the GPU. We use a quadric error metric
to calculate an error value for each vertex of the mesh and order all
vertices based on this value. This step is followed by the parallel
removal of a number of vertices with the lowest calculated error
values. To allow for the parallel removal of multiple vertices we use
a set of per-vertex boundaries that prevent mesh foldovers even when
simplification operations are performed on neighbouring vertices. We
execute multiple iterations of the calculation of the vertex errors,
ordering of the error values and removal of vertices until either a
desired number of vertices remains in the mesh or a minimum error
value is reached. This parallel approach is used to speed up the
simplification process while maintaining mesh topology and avoiding
foldovers at every step of the simplification.
Abstract: The maintenance of work rolls in hot strip processing
has been lengthy and difficult tasks for hot strip manufacturer
because heavy work rolls have to be taken out of the production line,
which could take hours. One way to increase the time between
maintenance is to improve the effectiveness of the work roll cooling
system such that the wear and tear more slowly occurs, while the
operation cost is kept low. Therefore, this study aims to improve the
work roll cooling system by providing the manufacturer the
relationship between the work-roll temperature reduced by cooling
and the water flow that can help manufacturer determining the more
effective water flow of the cooling system. The relationship is found
using simulation with a systematic process adjustment so that the
satisfying quality of product is achieved. Results suggest that the
manufacturer could reduce the water flow by 9% with roughly the
same performance. With the same process adjustment, the feasibility
of finishing-mill-stand reduction is also investigated. Results suggest
its possibility.
Abstract: Voltage level must be raised in order to deliver the
produced energy to the consumption zones with less loss and less
cost. Power transformers used to raise or lower voltage are important
parts of the energy transmission system. Power transformers used in
switchgear and power generation plants stay in human's intensive
habitat zones as a result of expanding cities. Accordingly, noise
levels produced by power transformers have begun more and more
important and they have established itself as one of the research field.
In this research, the noise cause on transformers has been
investigated, it's causes has been examined and noise measurement
techniques have been introduced. Examples of transformer noise test
results are submitted and precautions to be taken were discussed for
the purpose of decreasing of the noise which will occurred by
transformers.
Abstract: The present paper examines the impact noise
transmission through some floor building assemblies. The Acoubat
software numerical simulation has been used to simulate the impact
noise transmission through different floor configurations used in
Algerian construction mode. The results are compared with the
available measurements. We have developed two experimental
methods, i) field method, and ii) laboratory method using Brüel and
Kjær equipments. The results show that the different cases of floor
configurations need some improvement to ensure the acoustic
comfort in the receiving apartment. The recommended value of the
impact sound level in the receiving room should not exceed 58 dB.
The important results obtained in this paper can be used as platform
to improve the Algerian building acoustic regulation aimed at the
construction of the multi-storey residential building.
Abstract: Wireless sensors, also known as wireless sensor nodes,
have been making a significant impact on human daily life. The
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) are two complementary technologies; hence, an integrated
implementation of these technologies expands the overall
functionality in obtaining long-range and real-time information on the
location and properties of objects and people. An approach for
integrating ZigBee and RFID networks is proposed in this paper, to
create an energy-efficient network improved by the benefits of
combining ZigBee and RFID architecture. Furthermore, the
compatibility and requirements of the ZigBee device and
communication links in the typical RFID system which is presented
with the real world experiment on the capabilities of the proposed
RFID system.
Abstract: E-Learning enables the users to learn at anywhere at
any time. In E-Learning systems, authenticating the E-Learning user
has security issues. The usage of appropriate communication
networks for providing the internet connectivity for E-learning is
another challenge. WiMAX networks provide Broadband Wireless
Access through the Multicast Broadcast Service so these networks
can be most suitable for E-Learning applications. The authentication
of E-Learning user is vulnerable to session hijacking problems. The
repeated authentication of users can be done to overcome these
issues. In this paper, session based Profile Caching Authentication is
proposed. In this scheme, the credentials of E-Learning users can be
cached at authentication server during the initial authentication
through the appropriate subscriber station. The proposed cache based
authentication scheme performs fast authentication by using cached
user profile. Thus, the proposed authentication protocol reduces the
delay in repeated authentication to enhance the security in ELearning.
Abstract: Growth and remodeling of biological structures have
gained lots of attention over the past decades. Determining the
response of living tissues to mechanical loads is necessary for a wide
range of developing fields such as prosthetics design or computerassisted
surgical interventions. It is a well-known fact that biological
structures are never stress-free, even when externally unloaded. The
exact origin of these residual stresses is not clear, but theoretically,
growth is one of the main sources. Extracting body organ’s shapes
from medical imaging does not produce any information regarding
the existing residual stresses in that organ. The simplest cause of such
stresses is gravity since an organ grows under its influence from
birth. Ignoring such residual stresses might cause erroneous results in
numerical simulations. Accounting for residual stresses due to tissue
growth can improve the accuracy of mechanical analysis results. This
paper presents an original computational framework based on gradual
growth to determine the residual stresses due to growth. To illustrate
the method, we apply it to a finite element model of a healthy human
face reconstructed from medical images. The distribution of residual
stress in facial tissues is computed, which can overcome the effect of
gravity and maintain tissues firmness. Our assumption is that tissue
wrinkles caused by aging could be a consequence of decreasing
residual stress and thus not counteracting gravity. Taking into
account these stresses seems therefore extremely important in
maxillofacial surgery. It would indeed help surgeons to estimate
tissues changes after surgery.
Abstract: Pain management is a question of quality of life and
an indicator for nursing quality. Chronic pain which is predominant
in oncology and palliative nursing situations is perceived today as a
multifactorial, individual emotional experience with specific
characteristics including the sociocultural dimension when dealing
with migrant patients. This dimension of chronic pain is of major
importance in professional nursing of migrant patients in hospices or
palliative care units. Objectives of the study are: 1. To find out more
about the sociocultural views on pain and nursing care, on customs
and nursing practices connected with pain of both Turkish Muslim
and German Christian women, 2. To improve individual and family
oriented nursing practice with view to sociocultural needs of patients
in severe pain in palliative care. In a qualitative-explorative comparative study 4 groups of women,
Turkish Muslims immigrants (4 from the first generation, 5 from the
second generation) and German Christian women of two generations
(5 of each age group) of the same age groups as the Turkish women
and with similar educational backgrounds were interviewed (semistructured
ethnographic interviews using Spradley, 1979) on their
perceptions and experiences of pain and nursing care within their
families. For both target groups the presentation will demonstrate the
following results in detail: Utterance of pain as well as “private” and
“public” pain vary within different societies and cultures. Permitted
forms of pain utterance are learned in childhood and determine
attitudes and expectations in adulthood. Language, especially when
metaphors and symbols are used, plays a major role for
misunderstandings. The sociocultural context of illness may include
specific beliefs that are important to the patients and yet seem more
than far-fetched from a biomedical perspective. Pain can be an
influential factor in family relationships where respect or hierarchies
do not allow the direct utterance of individual needs. Specific
resources are often, although not exclusively, linked to religious
convictions and are significantly helpful in reducing pain. The discussion will evaluate the results of the study with view to
the relevant literature and present nursing interventions and
instruments beyond medication that are helpful when dealing with
patients from various socio-cultural backgrounds in painful end-oflife
situations.
Abstract: The inverted pendulum system is a classic control
problem that is used in universities around the world. It is a suitable
process to test prototype controllers due to its high non-linearities and
lack of stability. The inverted pendulum represents a challenging
control problem, which continually moves toward an uncontrolled
state. This paper presents the possibility of balancing an inverted
pendulum system using sliding mode control (SMC). The goal is to
determine which control strategy delivers better performance with
respect to pendulum’s angle and cart's position. Therefore,
proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is used for comparison. Results
have proven SMC control produced better response compared to PID
control in both normal and noisy systems.
Abstract: While the feature sizes of recent Complementary Metal
Oxid Semiconductor (CMOS) devices decrease the influence of static
power prevails their energy consumption. Thus, power savings that
benefit from Dynamic Frequency and Voltage Scaling (DVFS) are
diminishing and temporal shutdown of cores or other microchip
components become more worthwhile. A consequence of powering off unused parts of a chip is that the
relative difference between idle and fully loaded power consumption
is increased. That means, future chips and whole server systems gain
more power saving potential through power-aware load balancing,
whereas in former times this power saving approach had only
limited effect, and thus, was not widely adopted. While powering
off complete servers was used to save energy, it will be superfluous
in many cases when cores can be powered down. An important
advantage that comes with that is a largely reduced time to respond
to increased computational demand. We include the above developments in a server power model
and quantify the advantage. Our conclusion is that strategies from
datacenters when to power off server systems might be used in the
future on core level, while load balancing mechanisms previously
used at core level might be used in the future at server level.
Abstract: Mumbai, being traditionally the epicenter of India's
trade and commerce, the existing major ports such as Mumbai and
Jawaharlal Nehru Ports (JN) situated in Thane estuary are also
developing its waterfront facilities. Various developments over the
passage of decades in this region have changed the tidal flux
entering/leaving the estuary. The intake at Pir-Pau is facing the
problem of shortage of water in view of advancement of shoreline,
while jetty near Ulwe faces the problem of ship scheduling due to
existence of shallower depths between JN Port and Ulwe Bunder. In
order to solve these problems, it is inevitable to have information
about tide levels over a long duration by field measurements.
However, field measurement is a tedious and costly affair;
application of artificial intelligence was used to predict water levels
by training the network for the measured tide data for one lunar tidal
cycle. The application of two layered feed forward Artificial Neural
Network (ANN) with back-propagation training algorithms such as
Gradient Descent (GD) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) was used to
predict the yearly tide levels at waterfront structures namely at Ulwe
Bunder and Pir-Pau. The tide data collected at Apollo Bunder, Ulwe,
and Vashi for a period of lunar tidal cycle (2013) was used to train,
validate and test the neural networks. These trained networks having
high co-relation coefficients (R= 0.998) were used to predict the tide
at Ulwe, and Vashi for its verification with the measured tide for the
year 2000 & 2013. The results indicate that the predicted tide levels
by ANN give reasonably accurate estimation of tide. Hence, the
trained network is used to predict the yearly tide data (2015) for
Ulwe. Subsequently, the yearly tide data (2015) at Pir-Pau was
predicted by using the neural network which was trained with the
help of measured tide data (2000) of Apollo and Pir-Pau. The analysis of measured data and study reveals that: The
measured tidal data at Pir-Pau, Vashi and Ulwe indicate that there is
maximum amplification of tide by about 10-20 cm with a phase lag
of 10-20 minutes with reference to the tide at Apollo Bunder
(Mumbai). LM training algorithm is faster than GD and with increase
in number of neurons in hidden layer and the performance of the
network increases. The predicted tide levels by ANN at Pir-Pau and
Ulwe provides valuable information about the occurrence of high and
low water levels to plan the operation of pumping at Pir-Pau and
improve ship schedule at Ulwe.
Abstract: The source of the jet noise is generated by rocket exhaust plume during rocket engine testing. A domain decomposition approach is applied to the jet noise prediction in this paper. The aerodynamic noise coupling is based on the splitting into acoustic sources generation and sound propagation in separate physical domains. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used to simulate the supersonic jet flow. Based on the simulation results of the flow-fields, the jet noise distribution of the sound pressure level is obtained by applying the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) acoustics equation and Fourier transform. The calculation results show that the complex structures of expansion waves, compression waves and the turbulent boundary layer could occur due to the strong interaction between the gas jet and the ambient air. In addition, the jet core region, the shock cell and the sound pressure level of the gas jet increase with the nozzle size increasing. Importantly, the numerical simulation results of the far-field sound are in good agreement with the experimental measurements in directivity.