Abstract: In this paper, we have proposed a low cost optimized solution for the movement of a three-arm manipulator using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). A scheme is given for optimizing the movement of robotic arm with the help of Genetic Algorithm so that the minimum energy consumption criteria can be achieved. As compared to Direct Kinematics, Inverse Kinematics evolved two solutions out of which the best-fit solution is selected with the help of Genetic Algorithm and is kept in search space for future use. The Inverse Kinematics, Fitness Value evaluation and Binary Encoding like tasks are simulated and tested. Although, three factors viz. Movement, Friction and Least Settling Time (or Min. Vibration) are used for finding the Fitness Function / Fitness Values, however some more factors can also be considered.
Abstract: In this paper, the decomposition-aggregation method
is used to carry out connective stability criteria for general linear
composite system via aggregation. The large scale system is
decomposed into a number of subsystems. By associating directed
graphs with dynamic systems in an essential way, we define the
relation between system structure and stability in the sense of
Lyapunov. The stability criteria is then associated with the stability
and system matrices of subsystems as well as those interconnected
terms among subsystems using the concepts of vector differential
inequalities and vector Lyapunov functions. Then, we show that the
stability of each subsystem and stability of the aggregate model
imply connective stability of the overall system. An example is
reported, showing the efficiency of the proposed technique.
Abstract: The habitat where the present study has been carried
out is productive in relation to nutrient quality and they may perform
several useful functions, but are also threatened for their existence.
Hence, the proposed work, will add much new information about
biodiversity of macrophytes in drains and their embankment. All the
species were identified with their different stages of growth which
encountered on the three selected sites (I, II and III). The number of
species occurring at each site is grouped seasonally, i.e. summer,
rainy and winter season and the species were further recorded for the
study of phytosociology. Phytosociological characters such as
frequency, density and abundance were influenced by the climatic,
anthropogenic and biotic stresses prevailing at the three study sites.
All the species present at the study sites have shown maximum
values of frequency, density and abundance in rainy season in
comparison to that of summer and winter seasons.
Abstract: A new robust nonlinear control scheme of a manipulator is proposed in this paper which is robust against modeling errors and unknown disturbances. It is based on the principle of variable structure control, with sliding mode control (SMC) method. The variable structure control method is a robust method that appears to be well suited for robotic manipulators because it requers only bounds on the robotic arm parameters. But there is no single systematic procedure that is guaranteed to produce a suitable control law. Also, to reduce chattring of the control signal, we replaced the sgn function in the control law by a continuous approximation such as tangant function. We can compute the maximum load with regard to applied torque into joints. The effectivness of the proposed approach has been evaluated analitically demonstrated through computer simulations for the cases of variable load and robot arm parameters.
Abstract: Breast motion and discomfort has been studied in
Australia, Britain and the United States, while little information was
known about the breast motion conditions of Chinese women. The aim
of this paper was to study the breast motion and discomfort of Chinese
women in no bra condition, daily bra condition and sports bra
condition. Breast motion and discomfort of 8 participants was assessed
during walking at 5km h-1 and running at 10km h-1. Statistical methods
were used to analyze the difference and relationship between breast
displacement, perceived breast motion and breast discomfort. Three
indexes were developed to evaluate the functions of bras on reducing
objective breast motion, subjective breast motion and breast
discomfort. The result showed that breast motion of Chinese women
was smaller than previous research, which may be resulted from
smaller breast size in Asian women.
Abstract: The paper considers a single-server queue with fixedsize
batch Poisson arrivals and exponential service times, a model
that is useful for a buffer that accepts messages arriving as fixed size
batches of packets and releases them one packet at time. Transient
performance measures for queues have long been recognized as
being complementary to the steady-state analysis. The focus of the
paper is on the use of the functions that arise in the analysis of the
transient behaviour of the queuing system. The paper exploits
practical modelling to obtain a solution to the integral equation
encountered in the analysis. Results obtained indicate that under
heavy load conditions, there is significant disparity in the statistics
between the transient and steady state values.
Abstract: The epoxidation of soybean oil at temperature of 600C
was provided the best result in terms of attaching the –OH
functionality. Temperatures below and above 600C it is likely the
attaching reaction did not proceed sufficiently fast. The considerable
yield below 40%, implies the oil is not completely converted, it is not
possible by conventional methods, because the epoxide decomposes
at the temperature required. The objective of this work was the
development of catalyst toward the conversion of epoxide and polyol
with reaction temperature at 50,60, and 700C. The effect of different
type of catalyst were studied, the effect of alcohols with different
molecular configuration was determined which leads to selective
addition of alcohols to the epoxide oils.
Abstract: This paper employs a new approach to regulate the
blood glucose level of type I diabetic patient under an intensive
insulin treatment. The closed-loop control scheme incorporates
expert knowledge about treatment by using reinforcement learning
theory to maintain the normoglycemic average of 80 mg/dl and the
normal condition for free plasma insulin concentration in severe
initial state. The insulin delivery rate is obtained off-line by using Qlearning
algorithm, without requiring an explicit model of the
environment dynamics. The implementation of the insulin delivery
rate, therefore, requires simple function evaluation and minimal
online computations. Controller performance is assessed in terms of
its ability to reject the effect of meal disturbance and to overcome the
variability in the glucose-insulin dynamics from patient to patient.
Computer simulations are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the
proposed technique and to show its superiority in controlling
hyperglycemia over other existing algorithms
Abstract: The entropy of intuitionistic fuzzy sets is used to indicate the degree of fuzziness of an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set(IvIFS). In this paper, we deal with the entropies of IvIFS. Firstly, we propose a family of entropies on IvIFS with a parameter λ ∈ [0, 1], which generalize two entropy measures defined independently by Zhang and Wei, for IvIFS, and then we prove that the
new entropy is an increasing function with respect to the parameter λ. Furthermore, a new multiple attribute decision making (MADM) method using entropy-based attribute weights is proposed to deal with the decision making situations where the alternatives on attributes are expressed by IvIFS and the attribute weights information is unknown. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the applications of the proposed method.
Abstract: The speech signal conveys information about the
identity of the speaker. The area of speaker identification is
concerned with extracting the identity of the person speaking the
utterance. As speech interaction with computers becomes more
pervasive in activities such as the telephone, financial transactions
and information retrieval from speech databases, the utility of
automatically identifying a speaker is based solely on vocal
characteristic. This paper emphasizes on text dependent speaker
identification, which deals with detecting a particular speaker from a
known population. The system prompts the user to provide speech
utterance. System identifies the user by comparing the codebook of
speech utterance with those of the stored in the database and lists,
which contain the most likely speakers, could have given that speech
utterance. The speech signal is recorded for N speakers further the
features are extracted. Feature extraction is done by means of LPC
coefficients, calculating AMDF, and DFT. The neural network is
trained by applying these features as input parameters. The features
are stored in templates for further comparison. The features for the
speaker who has to be identified are extracted and compared with the
stored templates using Back Propogation Algorithm. Here, the
trained network corresponds to the output; the input is the extracted
features of the speaker to be identified. The network does the weight
adjustment and the best match is found to identify the speaker. The
number of epochs required to get the target decides the network
performance.
Abstract: The turbulent mixing of coolant streams of different
temperature and density can cause severe temperature fluctuations in
piping systems in nuclear reactors. In certain periodic contraction
cycles these conditions lead to thermal fatigue. The resulting aging
effect prompts investigation in how the mixing of flows over a sharp
temperature/density interface evolves. To study the fundamental
turbulent mixing phenomena in the presence of density gradients,
isokinetic (shear-free) mixing experiments are performed in a square
channel with Reynolds numbers ranging from 2-500 to 60-000.
Sucrose is used to create the density difference. A Wire Mesh Sensor
(WMS) is used to determine the concentration map of the flow in the
cross section. The mean interface width as a function of velocity,
density difference and distance from the mixing point are analyzed
based on traditional methods chosen for the purposes of
atmospheric/oceanic stratification analyses. A definition of the
mixing layer thickness more appropriate to thermal fatigue and based
on mixedness is devised. This definition shows that the thermal
fatigue risk assessed using simple mixing layer growth can be
misleading and why an approach that separates the effects of large
scale (turbulent) and small scale (molecular) mixing is necessary.
Abstract: In the literature of fuzzy measures, there exist many
well known parametric and non-parametric measures, each with its
own merits and limitations. But our main emphasis is on
applications of these measures to a variety of disciplines. To extend
the scope of applications of these fuzzy measures to geometry, we
need some special fuzzy measures. In this communication, we have
introduced two new fuzzy measures involving trigonometric
functions and simultaneously provided their applications to obtain
the basic results already existing in the literature of geometry.
Abstract: Modeling of a heterogeneous industrial fixed bed
reactor for selective dehydrogenation of heavy paraffin with Pt-Sn-
Al2O3 catalyst has been the subject of current study. By applying
mass balance, momentum balance for appropriate element of reactor
and using pressure drop, rate and deactivation equations, a detailed
model of the reactor has been obtained. Mass balance equations have
been written for five different components. In order to estimate
reactor production by the passage of time, the reactor model which is
a set of partial differential equations, ordinary differential equations
and algebraic equations has been solved numerically.
Paraffins, olefins, dienes, aromatics and hydrogen mole percent as
a function of time and reactor radius have been found by numerical
solution of the model. Results of model have been compared with
industrial reactor data at different operation times. The comparison
successfully confirms validity of proposed model.
Abstract: This paper presents results of empirical studies that were conducted in enterprises from Podkarpackie Voivodeship (Poland). It shows the experiences of those enterprises resulting from implementing and improving the eco-innovativeness management that is formal Environmental Management System (EMS). This study shows the expected and obtained internal benefits which are the effects of a functioning EMS. The aim of this paper is to determine whether the information included in international theoretical studies concerning the benefits of implementing, functioning and improving formal EMS (which is based on the international standard ISO 14001) are confirmed by the effects of the enterprises- activities.
Abstract: This research was conducted for the first time at the
southeastern coasts of the Caspian Sea in order to evaluate the
performance of osteichthyes cooperatives through production (catch)
function. Using one of the indirect valuation methods in this research,
contributory factors in catch were identified and were inserted into
the function as independent variables. In order to carry out this
research, the performance of 25 Osteichthyes catching cooperatives
in the utilization year of 2009 which were involved in fishing in
Miankale wildlife refuge region. The contributory factors in catch
were divided into groups of economic, ecological and biological
factors. In the mentioned function, catch rate of the cooperative were
inserted into as the dependant variable and fourteen partial variables
in terms of nine general variables as independent variables. Finally,
after function estimation, seven variables were rendered significant at
99 percent reliably level. The results of the function estimation
indicated that human resource (fisherman quantity) had the greatest
positive effect on catch rate with an influence coefficient of 1.7 while
weather conditions had the greatest negative effect on the catch rate
of cooperatives with an influence coefficient of -2.07. Moreover,
factors like member's share, experience and fisherman training and
fishing effort played the main roles in the catch rate of cooperative
with influence coefficients of 0.81, 0.5 and 0.21, respectively.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a Perceptually Optimized Foveation based Embedded ZeroTree Image Coder (POEFIC) that introduces a perceptual weighting to wavelet coefficients prior to control SPIHT encoding algorithm in order to reach a targeted bit rate with a perceptual quality improvement with respect to a given bit rate a fixation point which determines the region of interest ROI. The paper also, introduces a new objective quality metric based on a Psychovisual model that integrates the properties of the HVS that plays an important role in our POEFIC quality assessment. Our POEFIC coder is based on a vision model that incorporates various masking effects of human visual system HVS perception. Thus, our coder weights the wavelet coefficients based on that model and attempts to increase the perceptual quality for a given bit rate and observation distance. The perceptual weights for all wavelet subbands are computed based on 1) foveation masking to remove or reduce considerable high frequencies from peripheral regions 2) luminance and Contrast masking, 3) the contrast sensitivity function CSF to achieve the perceptual decomposition weighting. The new perceptually optimized codec has the same complexity as the original SPIHT techniques. However, the experiments results show that our coder demonstrates very good performance in terms of quality measurement.
Abstract: Network layer multicast, i.e. IP multicast, even after
many years of research, development and standardization, is not
deployed in large scale due to both technical (e.g. upgrading of
routers) and political (e.g. policy making and negotiation) issues.
Researchers looked for alternatives and proposed application/overlay
multicast where multicast functions are handled by end hosts, not
network layer routers. Member hosts wishing to receive multicast
data form a multicast delivery tree. The intermediate hosts in the tree
act as routers also, i.e. they forward data to the lower hosts in the
tree. Unlike IP multicast, where a router cannot leave the tree until all
members below it leave, in overlay multicast any member can leave
the tree at any time thus disjoining the tree and disrupting the data
dissemination. All the disrupted hosts have to rejoin the tree. This
characteristic of the overlay multicast causes multicast tree unstable,
data loss and rejoin overhead. In this paper, we propose that each node
sets its leaving time from the tree and sends join request to a number
of nodes in the tree. The nodes in the tree will reject the request if
their leaving time is earlier than the requesting node otherwise they
will accept the request. The node can join at one of the accepting
nodes. This makes the tree more stable as the nodes will join the tree
according to their leaving time, earliest leaving time node being at the
leaf of the tree. Some intermediate nodes may not follow their leaving
time and leave earlier than their leaving time thus disrupting the tree.
For this, we propose a proactive recovery mechanism so that disrupted
nodes can rejoin the tree at predetermined nodes immediately. We
have shown by simulation that there is less overhead when joining
the multicast tree and the recovery time of the disrupted nodes is
much less than the previous works. Keywords
Abstract: Using neural network we try to model the unknown function f for given input-output data pairs. The connection strength of each neuron is updated through learning. Repeated simulations of crisp neural network produce different values of weight factors that are directly affected by the change of different parameters. We propose the idea that for each neuron in the network, we can obtain quasi-fuzzy weight sets (QFWS) using repeated simulation of the crisp neural network. Such type of fuzzy weight functions may be applied where we have multivariate crisp input that needs to be adjusted after iterative learning, like claim amount distribution analysis. As real data is subjected to noise and uncertainty, therefore, QFWS may be helpful in the simplification of such complex problems. Secondly, these QFWS provide good initial solution for training of fuzzy neural networks with reduced computational complexity.
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is applying a
comparison between the Wolf Pack Search (WPS) as a newly
introduced intelligent algorithm with several other known algorithms
including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Shuffled Frog
Leaping (SFL), Binary and Continues Genetic algorithms. All
algorithms are applied on two benchmark cost functions. The aim is
to identify the best algorithm in terms of more speed and accuracy in
finding the solution, where speed is measured in terms of function
evaluations. The simulation results show that the SFL algorithm with
less function evaluations becomes first if the simulation time is
important, while if accuracy is the significant issue, WPS and PSO
would have a better performance.
Abstract: Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used to reconstruct spatio-temporal data of a fully developed turbulent channel flow with density variation at Reynolds number of 150, based on the friction velocity and the channel half-width, and Prandtl number of 0.71. To apply POD to the fully developed turbulent channel flow with density variation, the flow field (velocities, density, and temperature) is scaled by the corresponding root mean square values (rms) so that the flow field becomes dimensionless. A five-vector POD problem is solved numerically. The reconstructed second-order moments of velocity, temperature, and density from POD eigenfunctions compare favorably to the original Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data.