Abstract: Availability of raw materials is important for
Indonesia as a furniture exporting country. Teak log as raw materials
is supplied to the furniture industry by Perum Perhutani (PP). PP
needs to involve carbon trading for nature conservation. PP also has
an obligation in the Corporate Social Responsibility program. PP and
furniture industry also must prosecute the regulations related to
ecological issues and labor rights. This study has the objective to
create the relationship model between supplier and manufacturer to
fulfill teak log demand that involving teak forest carbon
sequestration. A model is formulated as Goal Programming to get the
favorable solution for teak log procurement and support carbon
sequestration that considering economical, ecological, and social
aspects of both supplier and manufacturer. The results show that the
proposed model can be used to determine the teak log quantity
involving carbon trading to achieve the seven goals to be satisfied the
sustainability considerations.
Abstract: Measures of complexity and entropy have not converged to a single quantitative description of levels of organization of complex systems. The need for such a measure is increasingly necessary in all disciplines studying complex systems. To address this problem, starting from the most fundamental principle in Physics, here a new measure for quantity of organization and rate of self-organization in complex systems based on the principle of least (stationary) action is applied to a model system - the central processing unit (CPU) of computers. The quantity of organization for several generations of CPUs shows a double exponential rate of change of organization with time. The exact functional dependence has a fine, S-shaped structure, revealing some of the mechanisms of self-organization. The principle of least action helps to explain the mechanism of increase of organization through quantity accumulation and constraint and curvature minimization with an attractor, the least average sum of actions of all elements and for all motions. This approach can help describe, quantify, measure, manage, design and predict future behavior of complex systems to achieve the highest rates of self organization to improve their quality. It can be applied to other complex systems from Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Ecology, Economics, Cities, network theory and others where complex systems are present.
Abstract: In this study, we consider a special situation that only a pair of hydrophone on a moving underwater vehicle is available to localize a fixed acoustic source of far distance. The trigonometry can be used in this situation by using two different DOA of different locations. Notice that the distance between the two locations should be measured. Therefore, we assume that the vehicle is sailing straightly and the moving distance for each unit time is measured continuously. However, the accuracy of the localization using the trigonometry is highly dependent to the accuracy of DOAs and measured moving distances. Therefore, we proposed another method based on the extended Kalman filter that gives more robust and accurate localization result.
Abstract: The increase on the demand of IT resources diverts
the enterprises to use the cloud as a cheap and scalable solution.
Cloud computing promises achieved by using the virtual machine as a
basic unite of computation. However, the virtual machine pre-defined
settings might be not enough to handle jobs QoS requirements. This
paper addresses the problem of mapping jobs have critical start
deadlines to virtual machines that have predefined specifications.
These virtual machines hosted by physical machines and shared a
fixed amount of bandwidth. This paper proposed an algorithm that
uses the idle virtual machines bandwidth to increase the quote of other
virtual machines nominated as executors to urgent jobs. An algorithm
with empirical study have been given to evaluate the impact of the
proposed model on impatient jobs. The results show the importance
of dynamic bandwidth allocation in virtualized environment and its
affect on throughput metric.
Abstract: Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate cell elongation,
vascular differentiation, senescence, and stress responses. BRs signal
through the BES1/BZR1 family of transcription factors, which
regulate hundreds of target genes involved in this pathway. In this
research a comprehensive genome-wide analysis was carried out in
BES1/BZR1 gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana, Cucumis sativus,
Vitis vinifera, Glycin max and Brachypodium distachyon.
Specifications of the desired sequences, dot plot and hydropathy plot
were analyzed in the protein and genome sequences of five plant
species. The maximum amino acid length was attributed to protein
sequence Brdic3g with 374aa and the minimum amino acid length
was attributed to protein sequence Gm7g with 163aa. The maximum
Instability index was attributed to protein sequence AT1G19350
equal with 79.99 and the minimum Instability index was attributed to
protein sequence Gm5g equal with 33.22. Aliphatic index of these
protein sequences ranged from 47.82 to 78.79 in Arabidopsis
thaliana, 49.91 to 57.50 in Vitis vinifera, 55.09 to 82.43 in Glycin
max, 54.09 to 54.28 in Brachypodium distachyon 55.36 to 56.83 in
Cucumis sativus. Overall, data obtained from our investigation
contributes a better understanding of the complexity of the
BES1/BZR1 gene family and provides the first step towards directing
future experimental designs to perform systematic analysis of the
functions of the BES1/BZR1 gene family.
Abstract: The building of a factory can be a strategic investment
owing to its long service life. An evaluation that only focuses, for
example, on payments for the building, the technical equipment of
the factory, and the personnel for the enterprise is – considering the
complexity of the system factory – not sufficient for this long-term
view. The success of an investment is secured, among other things,
by the attainment of nonmonetary goals, too, like transformability.
Such aspects are not considered in traditional investment calculations
like the net present value method. This paper closes this gap with the
enhanced economic evaluation (EWR) for factory planning. The
procedure and the first results of an application in a project are
presented.
Abstract: Biological sequences from different species are called or-thologs if they evolved from a sequence of a common ancestor species and they have the same biological function. Approximations of Kolmogorov complexity or entropy of biological sequences are already well known to be useful in extracting similarity information between such sequences -in the interest, for example, of ortholog detection. As is well known, the exact Kolmogorov complexity is not algorithmically computable. In prac-tice one can approximate it by computable compression methods. How-ever, such compression methods do not provide a good approximation to Kolmogorov complexity for short sequences. Herein is suggested a new ap-proach to overcome the problem that compression approximations may notwork well on short sequences. This approach is inspired by new, conditional computations of Kolmogorov entropy. A main contribution of the empir-ical work described shows the new set of entropy-based machine learning attributes provides good separation between positive (ortholog) and nega-tive (non-ortholog) data - better than with good, previously known alter-natives (which do not employ some means to handle short sequences well).Also empirically compared are the new entropy based attribute set and a number of other, more standard similarity attributes sets commonly used in genomic analysis. The various similarity attributes are evaluated by cross validation, through boosted decision tree induction C5.0, and by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. The results point to the conclu-sion: the new, entropy based attribute set by itself is not the one giving the best prediction; however, it is the best attribute set for use in improving the other, standard attribute sets when conjoined with them.
Abstract: Today Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is known as one of the most important tools for decision makers in the construction of civil and industrial projects towards sustainable development. In the past, projects were evaluated based on cost and benefit analysis regardless of the physical and biological environmental effects and its socio-economical impacts. According to the Department of Environment (DOE) of Iran's regulations, the construction of hydroelectric dams is an activity that requires an EIA report. In this paper the environmental impact assessment of the Gotvand hydro-electrical dam has been evaluated in the three environment elements, biological, Physical-chemical and cultural units. This dam is one of the largest dams in Iran with a volume of 4500 MCM and is going to be the last dam on the Karoon River in the south of Iran. In this paper the ICOLD (International Commission on Large Dams) technique was employed for the environmental impact assessment of the dam. The research includes all socio economical and environmental effects of the dam during the construction and operation of the hydro electric dam and Environmental management, monitoring and mitigation of negative impacts were analyzed. In this project the results led to using some techniques to protect the destructive impacts on biological aspects beside the effective long time period impacts on the biological aspects. The impacts on physical aspects are temporary and negative commonly that could be restored and rehabilitated in natural process in the long time in operation period.
Abstract: The dynamics of a predator-prey model with continuous
threshold policy harvesting functions on the prey is studied. Theoretical
and numerical methods are used to investigate boundedness
of solutions, existence of bionomic equilibria, and the stability properties
of coexistence equilibrium points and periodic orbits. Several
bifurcations as well as some heteroclinic orbits are computed.
Abstract: In most study fields, a phenomenon may not be
studied directly but it will be examined indirectly by phenomenon
model. Making an accurate model of system, there is attained new
information from modeled phenomenon without any charge, danger,
etc... there have been developed more solutions for describing and
analyzing the recent complicated systems but few of them have
analyzed the performance in the range of system description. Petri
nets are of limited solutions which may make such union. Petri nets
are being applied in problems related to modeling and designing the
systems. Theory of Petri nets allow a system to model
mathematically by a Petri net and analyzing the Petri net can then
determine main information of modeled system-s structure and
dynamic. This information can be used for assessing the performance
of systems and suggesting corrections in the system. In this paper,
beside the introduction of Petri nets, a real case study will be studied
in order to show the application of generalized stochastic Petri nets in
modeling a resource sharing production system and evaluating the
efficiency of its machines and robots. The modeling tool used here is
SHARP software which calculates specific indicators helping to
make decision.
Abstract: The study of morphometric and histologic evolutions
of the Bursa of Fabricus during 27 weeks of post-hashing age,
realized on 88 subjects of broiler chicken they permitted to collect
information about the morpho-histological aspect according to their
post-hashing age; showed the size and the weight of the Bursa of
Fabricius which reach their maximum between the 10th and the 11th
week of age and the physiologic involution phenomena. These
variations are in close relationship to the sexual maturity. These
results can be used in the diagnosis of viral disease such as the
Gumboro disease, Marek disease.
Abstract: The article aims to investigate the presence of a correlation between eco-innovation and economic performance within industrial districts. The case analyzed in this article is based on a study concerning a sample of 54 Italian industrial clusters entitled "Eco-Districts" that has compiled a list of the most eco-efficient districts at the national level. After selecting two districts, this study assesses the economic performance of the last three years through the analysis of trends in four indicators. The results show that only in some cases there is a connection between eco innovation and economic performance.
Abstract: Metropolitan areas have suffered from traffic problems, which have steadily increased in many monocentric cities. Urban expansion, population growth, and road network development have resulted in a structural shift toward urban sprawl, increasing commuters’ dependence on private modes of transport. This paper aims to model the influence of socioeconomic and land-use factors on mode choice using a multinomial and nested logit model. Land-use patterns—such as residential, commercial, retail, educational and employment related—affect the choice of mode and destination in the short and medium term. Socioeconomic factors—such as age, gender, income, household size, and house type—also affect choice, while residential location is affected in the long term. Riyadh in Saudi Arabia and Melbourne in Australia were chosen as case studies. Riyadh is a car-dependent city with limited public transport, whereas Melbourne has good public transport but an increase in car dependence. Aggregate level land-use data and disaggregate level individual, household, and journey-to-work data are used to determine the effects of land use and socioeconomic factors on mode choice. The model results determined that urban sprawl is the main factor that affects mode choice, income, and house type.
Abstract: Fish-feed is a major cost component of operating expenses for any aquaculture farm. Due to soaring prices of fish-feed ingredients, the need for better feeding schedule management has become imperative. On such factor that influences the utilization rate of fish-feed are sea currents. Up to now, practical monitoring of fishfeed loss due to sea currents is not exercised. This paper gives a description of an economic methodology that aims at quantifying the amount of fish-feed lost due to sea currents and draws on data from a Mediterranean aquaculture farm to formulate the associated model.
Abstract: Vibration characteristics of subcooled flow boiling on
thin and long structures such as a heating rod were recently
investigated by the author. The results show that the intensity of the
subcooled boiling-induced vibration (SBIV) was influenced strongly
by the conditions of the subcooling temperature, linear power density
and flow velocity. Implosive bubble formation and collapse are the
main nature of subcooled boiling, and their behaviors are the only
sources to originate from SBIV. Therefore, in order to explain the
phenomenon of SBIV, it is essential to obtain reliable information
about bubble behavior in subcooled boiling conditions. This was
investigated at different conditions of coolant subcooling
temperatures of 25 to 75°C, coolant flow velocities of 0.16 to
0.53m/s, and linear power densities of 100 to 600 W/cm. High speed
photography at 13,500 frames per second was performed at these
conditions. The results show that even at the highest subcooling
condition, the absolute majority of bubbles collapse very close to the
surface after detaching from the heating surface. Based on these
observations, a simple model of surface tension and momentum
change is introduced to offer a rough quantitative estimate of the
force exerted on the heating surface during the bubble ebullition. The
formation of a typical bubble in subcooled boiling is predicted to
exert an excitation force in the order of 10-4 N.
Abstract: The understanding of the system level of biological behavior and phenomenon variously needs some elements such as gene sequence, protein structure, gene functions and metabolic pathways. Challenging problems are representing, learning and reasoning about these biochemical reactions, gene and protein structure, genotype and relation between the phenotype, and expression system on those interactions. The goal of our work is to understand the behaviors of the interactions networks and to model their evolution in time and in space. We propose in this study an ontological meta-model for the knowledge representation of the genetic regulatory networks. Ontology in artificial intelligence means the fundamental categories and relations that provide a framework for knowledge models. Domain ontology's are now commonly used to enable heterogeneous information resources, such as knowledge-based systems, to communicate with each other. The interest of our model is to represent the spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal knowledge. We validated our propositions in the genetic regulatory network of the Aarbidosis thaliana flower
Abstract: In the process of polyethylene extrusion polymer
material similar to powder or granule is under compression, melting
and transmission operation and on base of special form, extrudate has
been produced. Twin-screw extruders are applicable in industries
because of their high capacity. The powder mixing with chemical
additives and melting with thermal and mechanical energy in three
zones (feed, compression and metering zone) and because of gear
pump and screw's pressure, converting to final product in latest plate.
Extruders with twin-screw and short distance between screws are
better than other types because of their high capacity and good
thermal and mechanical stress.
In this paper, process of polyethylene extrusion and various tapes
of extruders are studied. It is necessary to have an exact control on
process to producing high quality products with safe operation and
optimum energy consumption.
The granule size is depending on granulator motor speed. Results
show at constant feed rate a decrease in granule size was found whit
Increase in motor speed. Relationships between HDPE feed rate and
speed of granulator motor, main motor and gear pump are calculated
following as:
x = HDPE feed flow rate, yM = Main motor speed
yM = (-3.6076e-3) x^4+ (0.24597) x^3+ (-5.49003) x^2+ (64.22092)
x+61.66786 (1)
x = HDPE feed flow rate, yG = Gear pump speed
yG = (-2.4996e-3) x^4+ (0.18018) x^3+ (-4.22794) x^2+ (48.45536)
x+18.78880 (2)
x = HDPE feed flow rate, y = Granulator motor speed
10th Degree Polynomial Fit: y = a+bx+cx^2+dx^3... (3)
a = 1.2751, b = 282.4655, c = -165.2098,
d = 48.3106, e = -8.18715, f = 0.84997
g = -0.056094, h = 0.002358, i = -6.11816e-5
j = 8.919726e-7, k = -5.59050e-9
Abstract: This study assessed fish marketing as panacea towards
sustainable agriculture in Ogun State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling
technique was used in the selection of 150 fish marketers for this
study. Descriptive statistics were used for the objectives while
Product Pearson Moment Correlation was used to test the hypothesis.
Result of the findings revealed that the mean age of the respondents
was 38.60 years. Majority (93.33%) of the respondents had
acceptable levels of formal education. Many (44.00%) of the
respondents had spent 1-5 years in fish marketing. The average
quantity of fish sold in a day was 94.10kg. However, efficient fish
marketing were hindered by inadequate processing equipment,
storage rooms and ice holding facilities (86.67%). There was a
significant relationship between socio-economic characteristics and
profit realized from fish marketing (p < 0.05). It was recommended
that storage and warehousing facilities should be provided to the fish
marketers in the study area.
Abstract: We present new finite element methods for Helmholtz and Maxwell equations on general three-dimensional polyhedral meshes, based on domain decomposition with boundary elements on the surfaces of the polyhedral volume elements. The methods use the lowest-order polynomial spaces and produce sparse, symmetric linear systems despite the use of boundary elements. Moreover, piecewise constant coefficients are admissible. The resulting approximation on the element surfaces can be extended throughout the domain via representation formulas. Numerical experiments confirm that the convergence behavior on tetrahedral meshes is comparable to that of standard finite element methods, and equally good performance is attained on more general meshes.
Abstract: Sugarcane bagasses are one of the most extensively used agricultural residues. Using acid hydrolysis and fermentation, conversion of sugarcane bagasses to lactic acid was technically and economically feasible. This research was concerned with the solubility of lignin in ammonium hydroxide, acid hydrolysis and lactic acid fermentation by Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei. The lignin extraction results for different ammonium hydroxide concentrations showed that 10 % (v/v) NH4OH was favorable to lignin dissolution. Acid hydrolysis can be enhanced with increasing acid concentration and reaction temperature. The optimum glucose and xylose concentrations occurred at 121 ○C for 1 hour hydrolysis time in 10% sulphuric acid solution were 32 and 11 g/l, respectively. In order to investigate the significance of medium composition on lactic acid production, experiments were undertaken whereby a culture of Lactococcus lactis was grown under various glucose, peptone, yeast extract and xylose concentrations. The optimum medium was composed of 5 g/l glucose, 2.5 g/l xylose, 10 g/l peptone and 5 g/l yeast extract. Lactococcus lactis represents the most efficient for lactic acid production amongst those considered. The lactic acid fermentation by Lactococcus lactis after 72 hours gave the highest yield of 1.4 (g lactic acid per g reducing sugar).