Abstract: In this paper, we proposed an efficient data
compression strategy exploiting the multi-resolution characteristic of
the wavelet transform. We have developed a sensor node called
“Smart Sensor Node; SSN". The main goals of the SSN design are
lightweight, minimal power consumption, modular design and robust
circuitry. The SSN is made up of four basic components which are a
sensing unit, a processing unit, a transceiver unit and a power unit.
FiOStd evaluation board is chosen as the main controller of the SSN
for its low costs and high performance. The software coding of the
implementation was done using Simulink model and MATLAB
programming language. The experimental results show that the
proposed data compression technique yields recover signal with good
quality. This technique can be applied to compress the collected data
to reduce the data communication as well as the energy consumption
of the sensor and so the lifetime of sensor node can be extended.
Abstract: There are many debates now regarding undervalued
and overvalued currencies currently traded on the world financial
market. This paper contributes to these debates from a theoretical
point of view. We present the three most commonly used methods of
estimating the equilibrium real effective exchange rate (REER):
macroeconomic balance approach, external sustainability approach
and equilibrium real effective exchange rate approach in the reduced
form. Moreover, we discuss key concepts of the calculation of the
real exchange rate (RER) based on applied explanatory variables:
nominal exchange rates, terms of trade and tradable and non-tradable
goods. Last but not least, we discuss the three main driving forces
behind real exchange rates movements which include terms of trade,
relative productivity growth and the interest rate differential.
Abstract: This paper demonstrates an effort of a serviceoriented
engineering department in improving the sharing and
transfer of knowledge. Although the department consist of only six
employees, but it provides services in various chemical application in
an oil and gas business. The services provided span across Asia
Pacific region mainly Indonesia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Brunei,
Thailand and Singapore. Currently there are no effective tools or
integrated systems that support the sharing or transfer and
maintenance of knowledge so the department has considered
preserving this valuable knowledge by developing a Knowledge
Management System (KMS). This paper presents the development of
a KMS to support the sharing of knowledge in a service-oriented
engineering department of an oil and gas company. The embedded
features in the KMS like blog and forum will encourage iterative
process of knowledge sharing among the employees in the
department. The information and knowledge being shared, discussed
and communicated will be then achieved for future re-use. The re-use
of the knowledge allows the department to reduce redundant efforts
in providing consistent, up-to-date and cost effective of the best
solution to the its clients.
Abstract: This paper presents a method for the optimal
allocation of Distributed generation in distribution systems. In this
paper, our aim would be optimal distributed generation allocation for
voltage profile improvement and loss reduction in distribution
network. Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used as the solving tool,
which referring two determined aim; the problem is defined and
objective function is introduced. Considering to fitness values
sensitivity in genetic algorithm process, there is needed to apply load
flow for decision-making. Load flow algorithm is combined
appropriately with GA, till access to acceptable results of this
operation. We used MATPOWER package for load flow algorithm
and composed it with our Genetic Algorithm. The suggested method
is programmed under MATLAB software and applied ETAP
software for evaluating of results correctness. It was implemented on
part of Tehran electricity distributing grid. The resulting operation of
this method on some testing system is illuminated improvement of
voltage profile and loss reduction indexes.
Abstract: This study proposes a materials procurement contracts
model to which the zero-cost collar option is applied for heading price
fluctuation risks in construction.The material contract model based on
the collar option that consists of the call option striking zone of the
construction company(the buyer) following the materials price
increase andthe put option striking zone of the material vendor(the
supplier) following a materials price decrease. This study first
determined the call option strike price Xc of the construction company
by a simple approach: it uses the predicted profit at the project starting
point and then determines the strike price of put option Xp that has an
identical option value, which completes the zero-cost material
contract.The analysis results indicate that the cost saving of the
construction company increased as Xc decreased. This was because the
critical level of the steel materials price increasewas set at a low level.
However, as Xc decreased, Xpof a put option that had an identical
option value gradually increased. Cost saving increased as Xc
decreased. However, as Xp gradually increased, the risk of loss from a
construction company increased as the steel materials price decreased.
Meanwhile, cost saving did not occur for the construction company,
because of volatility. This result originated in the zero-cost features of
the two-way contract of the collar option. In the case of the regular
one-way option, the transaction cost had to be subtracted from the cost
saving. The transaction cost originated from an option value that
fluctuated with the volatility. That is, the cost saving of the one-way
option was affected by the volatility. Meanwhile, even though the
collar option with zero transaction cost cut the connection between
volatility and cost saving, there was a risk of exercising the put option.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a hardware and software
design method for automotive Electronic Control Units (ECU)
considering the functional safety. The proposed ECU is considered for
the application to Electro-Mechanical Actuator systems and the
validity of the design method is shown by the application to the
Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB) control system which is used as a
brake actuator in Brake-By-Wire (BBW) systems. The importance of a
functional safety-based design approach to EMB ECU design has been
emphasized because of its safety-critical functions, which are executed
with the aid of many electric actuators, sensors, and application
software. Based on hazard analysis and risk assessment according to
ISO26262, the EMB system should be ASIL-D-compliant, the highest
ASIL level. To this end, an external signature watchdog and an
Infineon 32-bit microcontroller TriCore are used to reduce risks
considering common-cause hardware failure. Moreover, a software
design method is introduced for implementing functional
safety-oriented monitoring functions based on an asymmetric dual
core architecture considering redundancy and diversity. The validity
of the proposed ECU design approach is verified by using the EMB
Hardware-In-the-Loop (HILS) system, which consists of the EMB
assembly, actuator ECU, a host PC, and a few debugging devices.
Furthermore, it is shown that the existing sensor fault tolerant control
system can be used more effectively for mitigating the effects of
hardware and software faults by applying the proposed ECU design
method.
Abstract: It is important problems to increase the detection rates
and reduce false positive rates in Intrusion Detection System (IDS).
Although preventative techniques such as access control and
authentication attempt to prevent intruders, these can fail, and as a
second line of defence, intrusion detection has been introduced. Rare
events are events that occur very infrequently, detection of rare
events is a common problem in many domains. In this paper we
propose an intrusion detection method that combines Rough set and
Fuzzy Clustering. Rough set has to decrease the amount of data and
get rid of redundancy. Fuzzy c-means clustering allow objects to
belong to several clusters simultaneously, with different degrees of
membership. Our approach allows us to recognize not only known
attacks but also to detect suspicious activity that may be the result of
a new, unknown attack. The experimental results on Knowledge
Discovery and Data Mining-(KDDCup 1999) Dataset show that the
method is efficient and practical for intrusion detection systems.
Abstract: The study of interaction among the grain, moisture,
and the surrounding space (air) is key to understanding the graindrying
process. In Iran, rice (mostly Indica type) is dried by flat
bed type dryer until the final MC reaches to 6 to 8%. The
experiments were conducted to examine the effect of application of
discharge fan with different heights of paddy on the drying
efficiency. Experiments were designed based on two different
configurations of the drying methods; with and without discharge
fan with three different heights of paddy including; 5, 10, and 15
cm. The humid heated air will be going out immediately by the
suction of discharge fan. The drying time is established upon the
average final MC to achieve about 8%. To save energy and reduce
the drying time, the distribution of temperature between layers
should be fast and uniform with minimum difference; otherwise
the difference of MC gradient between layers will be high and will
induce grain breakage. The difference of final MC between layers
in the two methods was 48-73%. The steady state of temperature
between the two methods has saved time in the range of 10-20%,
and the efficiency of temperature distribution increased 17-26% by
the use of discharge fan.
Abstract: The CMLP building was developed to be a model for
sustainability with strategies to reduce water, energy and pollution,
and to provide a healthy environment for the building occupants. The
aim of this paper is to investigate the environmental effects of energy
used by this building. A LCA (life cycle analysis) was led to measure
the real environmental effects produced by the use of energy. The
impact categories most affected by the energy use were found to be
the human health effects, as well as ecotoxicity. Natural gas
extraction, uranium milling for nuclear energy production, and the
blasting for mining and infrastructure construction are the processes
contributing the most to emissions in the human health effect. Data
comparing LCA results of CMLP building with a conventional
building results showed that energy used by the CMLP building has
less damage for the environment and human health than a
conventional building.
Abstract: The city of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia, provides a number of examples of how a growing city can integrate urban planning and water planning to achieve sustainable urban development, environmental protection, liveability and integrated water management outcomes, and move towards becoming a “Water Sensitive City". Three examples are provided - the development at Botanic Ridge, where a 318 hectare residential development is being planned and where integrated water management options are being implemented using a “triple bottom line" sustainability investment approach; the Toolern development, which will capture and reuse stormwater and recycled water to greatly reduce the suburb-s demand for potable water, and the development at Kalkallo where a 1,200 hectare industrial precinct development is planned which will merge design of the development's water supply, sewerage services and stormwater system. The Paper argues that an integrated urban planning and water planning approach is fundamental to creating liveable, vibrant communities which meet social and financial needs while being in harmony with the local environment. Further work is required on developing investment frameworks and risk analysis frameworks to ensure that all possible solutions can be assessed equally.
Abstract: The behavior of Radial Basis Function (RBF) Networks greatly depends on how the center points of the basis functions are selected. In this work we investigate the use of instance reduction techniques, originally developed to reduce the storage requirements of instance based learners, for this purpose. Five Instance-Based Reduction Techniques were used to determine the set of center points, and RBF networks were trained using these sets of centers. The performance of the RBF networks is studied in terms of classification accuracy and training time. The results obtained were compared with two Radial Basis Function Networks: RBF networks that use all instances of the training set as center points (RBF-ALL) and Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN). The former achieves high classification accuracies and the latter requires smaller training time. Results showed that RBF networks trained using sets of centers located by noise-filtering techniques (ALLKNN and ENN) rather than pure reduction techniques produce the best results in terms of classification accuracy. The results show that these networks require smaller training time than that of RBF-ALL and higher classification accuracy than that of PNN. Thus, using ALLKNN and ENN to select center points gives better combination of classification accuracy and training time. Our experiments also show that using the reduced sets to train the networks is beneficial especially in the presence of noise in the original training sets.
Abstract: Heat source addition to the axisymmetric supersonic
inlet may improve the performance parameters, which will increase
the inlet efficiency. In this investigation the heat has been added to
the flow field at some distance ahead of an axisymmetric inlet by
adding an imaginary thermal source upstream of cowl lip. The effect
of heat addition on the drag coefficient, mass flow rate and the
overall efficiency of the inlet have been investigated. The results
show that heat addition causes flow separation, hence to prevent this
phenomena, roughness has been added on the spike surface.
However, heat addition reduces the drag coefficient and the inlet
mass flow rate considerably. Furthermore, the effects of position,
size, and shape on the inlet performance were studied. It is found that
the thermal source deflects the flow streamlines. By improper
location of the thermal source, the optimum condition has been
obtained. For the optimum condition, the drag coefficient is
considerably reduced and the inlet mass flow rate and its efficiency
have been increased slightly. The optimum shape of the heat source
is obtained too.
Abstract: System is using multiple processors for computing and information processing, is increasing rapidly speed operation of these systems compared with single processor systems, very significant impact on system performance is increased .important differences to yield a single multi-processor cpu, the scheduling policies, to reduce the implementation time of all processes. Notwithstanding the famous algorithms such as SPT, LPT, LSPT and RLPT for scheduling and there, but none led to the answer are not optimal.In this paper scheduling using genetic algorithms and innovative way to finish the whole process faster that we do and the result compared with three algorithms we mentioned.
Abstract: The intermittent connectivity modifies the “always
on" network assumption made by all the distributed query processing
systems. In modern- day systems, the absence of network
connectivity is considered as a fault. Since the last upload, it might
not be feasible to transmit all the data accumulated right away over
the available connection. It is possible that vital information may be
delayed excessively when the less important information takes place
of the vital information. Owing to the restricted and uneven
bandwidth, it is vital that the mobile nodes make the most
advantageous use of the connectivity when it arrives. Hence, in order
to select the data that needs to be transmitted first, some sort of data
prioritization is essential. A continuous query processing system for
intermittently connected mobile networks that comprises of a delaytolerant
continuous query processor distributed across the mobile
hosts has been proposed in this paper. In addition, a mechanism for
prioritizing query results has been designed that guarantees enhanced
accuracy and reduced delay. It is illustrated that our architecture
reduces the client power consumption, increases query efficiency by
the extensive simulation results.
Abstract: This paper describes a methodology for remote
performance monitoring of retail refrigeration systems. The proposed
framework starts with monitoring of the whole refrigeration circuit
which allows detecting deviations from expected behavior caused by
various faults and degradations. The subsequent diagnostics methods
drill down deeper in the equipment hierarchy to more specifically
determine root causes. An important feature of the proposed concept
is that it does not require any additional sensors, and thus, the
performance monitoring solution can be deployed at a low
installation cost. Moreover only a minimum of contextual
information is required, which also substantially reduces time and
cost of the deployment process.
Abstract: Sustainable development is one of the most debated
issues, recently. In terms of providing more livable Earth continuity,
while Production activities are going on, on the other hand protecting
the environment has importance. As a strategy for sustainable
development, eco-innovation is the application of innovations to
reduce environmental burdens. Endeavors to understand ecoinnovation
processes have been affected from environmental
economics and innovation economics from neoclassical economics,
and evolutionary economics other than neoclassical economics. In
the light of case study analyses, this study aims to display activities
in this field through case studies after explaining the theoretical
framework of eco-innovations. This study consists of five sections
including introduction and conclusion. In the second part of the study
identifications of the concepts related with eco-innovation are
described and eco-innovations are classified. Third section considers
neoclassical and evolutionary approaches from neoclassical
economics and evolutionary economics, respectively. Fourth section
gives the case studies of successful eco-innovations. Last section is
the conclusion part and offers suggestions for future eco-innovation
research according to the theoretical framework and the case studies.
Abstract: Since hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor such as CD44 is
over-expressed at sites of cancer cells, HA can be used as a targeting
vehicles for anti-cancer drugs. The aim of this study is to synthesize
block copolymer composed of hyaluronic acid and
poly(ε-caprolactone) (HAPCL) and to fabricate polymeric micelles for
anticancer drug targeting against CD44 receptor of tumor cells.
Chemical composition of HAPCL was confirmed using 1H NMR
spectroscopy. Doxorubicin (DOX) was incorporated into polymeric
micelles of HAPCL. The diameters of HAPHS polymeric micelles
were changed around 80nm and have spherical shapes. Targeting
potential was investigated using CD44-overexpressing. When
DOX-incorporated polymeric micelles was added to KB cells, they
revealed strong red fluorescence color while blocking of CD44
receptor by pretreatment of free HA resulted in reduced intensity,
indicating that HAPCL polymeric micelles have targetability against
CD44 receptor.
Abstract: Transition prediction of boundary layers has always
been an important problem in fluid mechanics both theoretically and
practically, yet notwithstanding the great effort made by many
investigators, there is no satisfactory answer to this problem. The most
popular method available is so-called e-N method which is heavily
dependent on experiments and experience. The author has proposed
improvements to the e-N method, so to reduce its dependence on
experiments and experience to a certain extent. One of the key
assumptions is that transition would occur whenever the velocity
amplitude of disturbance reaches 1-2% of the free stream velocity.
However, the reliability of this assumption needs to be verified. In this
paper, transition prediction on a flat plate is investigated by using both
the improved e-N method and the parabolized stability equations (PSE)
methods. The results show that the transition locations predicted by
both methods agree reasonably well with each other, under the above
assumption. For the supersonic case, the critical velocity amplitude in
the improved e-N method should be taken as 0.013, whereas in the
subsonic case, it should be 0.018, both are within the range 1-2%.
Abstract: To extract the important physiological factors related to
diabetes from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) by mathematical
modeling, highly informative but convenient protocols are required.
Current models require a large number of samples and extended
period of testing, which is not practical for daily use. The purpose
of this study is to make model assessments possible even from a
reduced number of samples taken over a relatively short period.
For this purpose, test values were extrapolated using a support
vector machine. A good correlation was found between reference and
extrapolated values in evaluated 741 OGTTs. This result indicates
that a reduction in the number of clinical test is possible through a
computational approach.
Abstract: In a BFWA (Broadband Fixed Wireless Access Network) the evolved SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) is relevant influenced by the applied duplex method. The TDD (Time Division Duplex), especially adaptive TDD method has some advantage contrary to FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), for example the spectrum efficiency and flexibility. However these methods are suffering several new interference situations that can-t occur in a FDD system. This leads to reduced SINR in the covered area what could cause some connection outages. Therefore, countermeasure techniques against interference are necessary to apply in TDD systems. Synchronization is one way to handling the interference. In this paper the TDD systems – applying different system synchronization degree - will be compared by the evolved SINR at different locations of the BFWA service area and the percentage of the covered area by the system.