The Masquerade of Life, Our Many Selves and Issues of Privacy
This paper explores the importance of privacy in a
contemporary online world. Crucial to the discussion is the idea of
the Lacanian postmodern fragmented self and the problem of how to
ensure that we have room to fully explore various aspects of our
personalities in an environment which is–or at least feels--safe and
free from observation by others. The paper begins with an
exploration of the idea of the self with particular regard to the ways
in which contemporary life and technology seems to have multiplied
the various faces or masks which we present in different contexts. A
brief history of privacy and surveillance follows. Finally, the paper
ends with an affirmation of the importance of private space as an
essential component of our spiritual and emotional well-being in
today-s wired world.
[1] C. Barzak. The love we share without knowing. New York, NY: Random
House, 2008.
[2] J.W. Goethe. Faust, Part II, Act II. Retrieved March 4, 2013 from:
http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/German/FaustIIActIIScenes
ItoIV.htm
[3] O. Wilde. "The Truth of Masks," in Complete Works of Oscar Wilde.
London: Collins, 1948).
[4] S. Rushdie. The Satanic verses. New York: Random House, 2008.
[5] E.Aboujaoude. Virtually you: the dangerous powers of the e-personality.
New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
[6] M.R.Leary. and R.M.Kowalski. Impression management: a literature
review and two component model. Psychological bulletin, 107, 1, 34-47,
1990.
[7] J. Lacan. The mirror stage as formative of the functioning of the I. In
V.B. Leitch et al. Eds. The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism,
New York, NY: W.W. Norton and Company, 2001.
[8] G.Ward. Postmodernism. Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2003)
Retrieved March 7, 2013 from
http://www.allaboutworldview.org/postmodern-psychology-andsocially-
constructed-selves-faq.htm#sthash.7dOEaVBI.dpuf
[9] W. T. Anderson Reality Isn-t What It Used To Be: Theatrical Politics,
Ready-to-Wear Religion, Global Myths, Primitive Chic, and Other
Wonders of the Postmodern World . New York, NY: HarperCollins
Publishers, 1990.
[10] K.J. Gergen, The Saturated Self: Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary
Life . New York, NY: Basic Books, 2000.
[11] M. Stephens, "To Thine Own Selves be True," Los Angeles Times
Magazine (August 230 ),1992. Retrieved March 3, 2013 from:
http://www.nyu.edu/classes/stephens/Postmodern%20psych%20page.ht
m
[12] R. Schwartz. Our multiple selves: applying systems theory thinking to
the inner family. The family therapy networker, March-April Edition,
1997. Retrieved March 6, 2013 from:
http://www.hakomiinstitute.com/Forum/Issue10/OurMultipleSelves.pdf
[13] E. Ornstein. Multimind: a new way of looking at human behaviour. Los
Altos, Ca: Malor Books, 2003.
[14] K. English. Public eye on private grief. The Toronto Star, March 2.
2013.
[15] J. Gilliom and T. Monahan. Supervision: an introduction to the
Surveillance Society. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2013.
[16] K. Armstrong and M. Manson. What is lost and what remains: an
exploration of pedagogical benefits of online discussions in two online
teacher education learning communities, one in an exclusively webbased
environment and one supplemented with face to face contact.
Language and Literacy, 12,2,18-29.2010. Available at:
http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/langandlit/article/viewFile/
9343/7420
[17] K. Armstrong. High wire act: the perils, pitfalls and possibilities of
online discussions. International Conference on Communication and
Information Technologies. Paris, France, October 27-29, 2010.
Summary available at:
http://www.evolitera.co.id/themes/main/product_summarypopup_scienc
e.php?science_id=2080
[18] K. Armstrong. Online discussions: developing insight through
asynchronous and synchronous conversations. Ubiquitous learning
journal, v 3, 2, pp. 1-8. 2011. Available at:
http://karenarmstrong1.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.186/prod.124
[19] K. Armstrong. The para-universe of a collaborative group: Strategies to
ensure success. Paper published in the conference proceedings.
International Conference on Communication and Instructional
Technology (ICCIT) Bali, Indonesia, October 24-26, 2011. Available at:
https://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v58/v58-159.pdf
[20] K.Armstrong. Managing your online reputation: issues of ethics, trust
and privacy in a wired, "no place to hide world". World Academy of
Science, engineering and Technology, Issue 64, April 2012, Paris
France, pp.848-853. Available at:
https://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v64/v64-162.pdf
[21] M. Kirkpatrick. Facebook-s Zuckerberg says the age of privacy is over.
Original post January 9, 2010. Retrieved March 10, 2013 from:
http://readwrite.com/2010/01/09/facebooks_zuckerberg_says_the_age_o
f_privacy_is_ov
[22] M. Ingram. A valuable lesson from Randi Ingram: online privacy is
complicated. Retrieved March 6, 2013 from:
http://gigaom.com/2012/12/26/a-valuable-lesson-from-randi-zuckerbergonline-
privacy-is-complicated/
[23] L. Andrews. I know who you are and I saw what you did: social
networks and the death of Privacy. New York: Free Press, 2012.
[24] J.J. Luna. How to be invisible: protect your children, your assets, and
your life third Edition..New York: St Martin-s Press. 2012.
[25] F. Lee. Someone-s watching you! Fifty steps to protect your privacy
from microchips in your underwear to satellites monitoring your every
move, Find out who-s tracking you and what you can do about it. Avon,
Massachusetts: Adams Media. 2011.
[26] A.P. Mintz. Web of deceit: misinformation and the manipulation in the
age of social media. Medford, New Jersey: Information today, Inc. 2012.
[27] G. Keizer. Privacy. New York: Picador, 2012.
[28] A. Lever. On Privacy. New York: Routledge, 2012.
[29] A.L. Allen. Unpopular privacy: what must we hide? New York: Oxford
University Press. 2011.
[30] Brandeis, J. Olmstead v United States, 277 U.S. 438, 478 (Brandeis, J
dissenting) 1928.
[31] United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, GA Res 217A
(III) UN Doc A/Res/810, 1948.
[32] F. H. Cate. Privacy in the Information Age 29. 1997H. Poor, An
Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New York: Springer-
Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
[33] R.A. Epstein. "The legal regulation of genetic discrimination: old
responses to new technology," 74 Boston University Law review, 1, 12,
1994.
[34] D. J. Solove. Understanding privacy. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard
University Press, 2008, p. 5.
[35] Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford, New York, NY: Oxford University
Press,1989. Retrieved September 27, 2012 from:
http://www.library.yorku.ca/eresolver/?id=247
[36] Wikipedia. Privacy. Retrieved, September 29, 2012 from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy
[37] M.C. Nussbaum. Sex and Social Justice. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1999, p. 41-42.
[38] J. Rosen, Jeffrey. "The web means the end of forgetting" New York
Times, July 19, 2010.
[39] A. Grove. "What I-ve learned: Andy Grove", Esquire Magazine, May 1,
2000.
[40] R.Tudge. The no-nonsense guide to global surveillance. Ottawa, ON:
New Internationalist, 2011.
[41] Qu-ran 89.14. Retrieved March 10, 2013 from:
http://www.mquran.org/content/view/6007/9/
[42] Warren and Brandeis, "The Right to privacy", 4 Harvard Law Review
193 (1890)
[43] J. Locke, Second treatise of government 27 at 19 (1980) (1690).
[44] J. Boyle. Shamans, software, and spleens: law and the construction of
the Information society 54, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press,
1996.
[45] A.L. Allen. Why privacy isn-t everything: feminist reflections on
personal accountability 2, 2003, 29-30.
[46] S. Lessin, speaking at the NY Tech meetup, August 2010 or Feb 2011.
Retrieved September 30, 2012 from:
http://www.livestream.com/nytechmeetup/video?clipId=pla_dae43c2e-
9cf4-4cea-8bd7-5f0f9ee32c52
[47] J. Jarvis. Public parts: how sharing in the digital age improves the way
we work and live. New York: Simon & Shuster, 2011, p. 116.
[48] US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Record, Computers
and the Rights of Citizens 33, 1973.
[49] R. Gavison. Privacy and the limits of law. 89 Yale Law Journal 421,
437,1980.
[50] J.C. Inness. Privacy, intimacy and isolation. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1992.
[51] A. Lightman. The world is too much with me: finding private space in
the wired world. Toronto: The Hart House lecture. 2002
[1] C. Barzak. The love we share without knowing. New York, NY: Random
House, 2008.
[2] J.W. Goethe. Faust, Part II, Act II. Retrieved March 4, 2013 from:
http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/German/FaustIIActIIScenes
ItoIV.htm
[3] O. Wilde. "The Truth of Masks," in Complete Works of Oscar Wilde.
London: Collins, 1948).
[4] S. Rushdie. The Satanic verses. New York: Random House, 2008.
[5] E.Aboujaoude. Virtually you: the dangerous powers of the e-personality.
New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
[6] M.R.Leary. and R.M.Kowalski. Impression management: a literature
review and two component model. Psychological bulletin, 107, 1, 34-47,
1990.
[7] J. Lacan. The mirror stage as formative of the functioning of the I. In
V.B. Leitch et al. Eds. The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism,
New York, NY: W.W. Norton and Company, 2001.
[8] G.Ward. Postmodernism. Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2003)
Retrieved March 7, 2013 from
http://www.allaboutworldview.org/postmodern-psychology-andsocially-
constructed-selves-faq.htm#sthash.7dOEaVBI.dpuf
[9] W. T. Anderson Reality Isn-t What It Used To Be: Theatrical Politics,
Ready-to-Wear Religion, Global Myths, Primitive Chic, and Other
Wonders of the Postmodern World . New York, NY: HarperCollins
Publishers, 1990.
[10] K.J. Gergen, The Saturated Self: Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary
Life . New York, NY: Basic Books, 2000.
[11] M. Stephens, "To Thine Own Selves be True," Los Angeles Times
Magazine (August 230 ),1992. Retrieved March 3, 2013 from:
http://www.nyu.edu/classes/stephens/Postmodern%20psych%20page.ht
m
[12] R. Schwartz. Our multiple selves: applying systems theory thinking to
the inner family. The family therapy networker, March-April Edition,
1997. Retrieved March 6, 2013 from:
http://www.hakomiinstitute.com/Forum/Issue10/OurMultipleSelves.pdf
[13] E. Ornstein. Multimind: a new way of looking at human behaviour. Los
Altos, Ca: Malor Books, 2003.
[14] K. English. Public eye on private grief. The Toronto Star, March 2.
2013.
[15] J. Gilliom and T. Monahan. Supervision: an introduction to the
Surveillance Society. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2013.
[16] K. Armstrong and M. Manson. What is lost and what remains: an
exploration of pedagogical benefits of online discussions in two online
teacher education learning communities, one in an exclusively webbased
environment and one supplemented with face to face contact.
Language and Literacy, 12,2,18-29.2010. Available at:
http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/langandlit/article/viewFile/
9343/7420
[17] K. Armstrong. High wire act: the perils, pitfalls and possibilities of
online discussions. International Conference on Communication and
Information Technologies. Paris, France, October 27-29, 2010.
Summary available at:
http://www.evolitera.co.id/themes/main/product_summarypopup_scienc
e.php?science_id=2080
[18] K. Armstrong. Online discussions: developing insight through
asynchronous and synchronous conversations. Ubiquitous learning
journal, v 3, 2, pp. 1-8. 2011. Available at:
http://karenarmstrong1.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.186/prod.124
[19] K. Armstrong. The para-universe of a collaborative group: Strategies to
ensure success. Paper published in the conference proceedings.
International Conference on Communication and Instructional
Technology (ICCIT) Bali, Indonesia, October 24-26, 2011. Available at:
https://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v58/v58-159.pdf
[20] K.Armstrong. Managing your online reputation: issues of ethics, trust
and privacy in a wired, "no place to hide world". World Academy of
Science, engineering and Technology, Issue 64, April 2012, Paris
France, pp.848-853. Available at:
https://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v64/v64-162.pdf
[21] M. Kirkpatrick. Facebook-s Zuckerberg says the age of privacy is over.
Original post January 9, 2010. Retrieved March 10, 2013 from:
http://readwrite.com/2010/01/09/facebooks_zuckerberg_says_the_age_o
f_privacy_is_ov
[22] M. Ingram. A valuable lesson from Randi Ingram: online privacy is
complicated. Retrieved March 6, 2013 from:
http://gigaom.com/2012/12/26/a-valuable-lesson-from-randi-zuckerbergonline-
privacy-is-complicated/
[23] L. Andrews. I know who you are and I saw what you did: social
networks and the death of Privacy. New York: Free Press, 2012.
[24] J.J. Luna. How to be invisible: protect your children, your assets, and
your life third Edition..New York: St Martin-s Press. 2012.
[25] F. Lee. Someone-s watching you! Fifty steps to protect your privacy
from microchips in your underwear to satellites monitoring your every
move, Find out who-s tracking you and what you can do about it. Avon,
Massachusetts: Adams Media. 2011.
[26] A.P. Mintz. Web of deceit: misinformation and the manipulation in the
age of social media. Medford, New Jersey: Information today, Inc. 2012.
[27] G. Keizer. Privacy. New York: Picador, 2012.
[28] A. Lever. On Privacy. New York: Routledge, 2012.
[29] A.L. Allen. Unpopular privacy: what must we hide? New York: Oxford
University Press. 2011.
[30] Brandeis, J. Olmstead v United States, 277 U.S. 438, 478 (Brandeis, J
dissenting) 1928.
[31] United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, GA Res 217A
(III) UN Doc A/Res/810, 1948.
[32] F. H. Cate. Privacy in the Information Age 29. 1997H. Poor, An
Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New York: Springer-
Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
[33] R.A. Epstein. "The legal regulation of genetic discrimination: old
responses to new technology," 74 Boston University Law review, 1, 12,
1994.
[34] D. J. Solove. Understanding privacy. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard
University Press, 2008, p. 5.
[35] Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford, New York, NY: Oxford University
Press,1989. Retrieved September 27, 2012 from:
http://www.library.yorku.ca/eresolver/?id=247
[36] Wikipedia. Privacy. Retrieved, September 29, 2012 from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy
[37] M.C. Nussbaum. Sex and Social Justice. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1999, p. 41-42.
[38] J. Rosen, Jeffrey. "The web means the end of forgetting" New York
Times, July 19, 2010.
[39] A. Grove. "What I-ve learned: Andy Grove", Esquire Magazine, May 1,
2000.
[40] R.Tudge. The no-nonsense guide to global surveillance. Ottawa, ON:
New Internationalist, 2011.
[41] Qu-ran 89.14. Retrieved March 10, 2013 from:
http://www.mquran.org/content/view/6007/9/
[42] Warren and Brandeis, "The Right to privacy", 4 Harvard Law Review
193 (1890)
[43] J. Locke, Second treatise of government 27 at 19 (1980) (1690).
[44] J. Boyle. Shamans, software, and spleens: law and the construction of
the Information society 54, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press,
1996.
[45] A.L. Allen. Why privacy isn-t everything: feminist reflections on
personal accountability 2, 2003, 29-30.
[46] S. Lessin, speaking at the NY Tech meetup, August 2010 or Feb 2011.
Retrieved September 30, 2012 from:
http://www.livestream.com/nytechmeetup/video?clipId=pla_dae43c2e-
9cf4-4cea-8bd7-5f0f9ee32c52
[47] J. Jarvis. Public parts: how sharing in the digital age improves the way
we work and live. New York: Simon & Shuster, 2011, p. 116.
[48] US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Record, Computers
and the Rights of Citizens 33, 1973.
[49] R. Gavison. Privacy and the limits of law. 89 Yale Law Journal 421,
437,1980.
[50] J.C. Inness. Privacy, intimacy and isolation. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1992.
[51] A. Lightman. The world is too much with me: finding private space in
the wired world. Toronto: The Hart House lecture. 2002
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:61851", author = "Karen Armstrong", title = "The Masquerade of Life, Our Many Selves and Issues of Privacy", abstract = "This paper explores the importance of privacy in a
contemporary online world. Crucial to the discussion is the idea of
the Lacanian postmodern fragmented self and the problem of how to
ensure that we have room to fully explore various aspects of our
personalities in an environment which is–or at least feels--safe and
free from observation by others. The paper begins with an
exploration of the idea of the self with particular regard to the ways
in which contemporary life and technology seems to have multiplied
the various faces or masks which we present in different contexts. A
brief history of privacy and surveillance follows. Finally, the paper
ends with an affirmation of the importance of private space as an
essential component of our spiritual and emotional well-being in
today-s wired world.", keywords = "Lacan, panopticon, postmodern, privacy,
surveillance.", volume = "7", number = "3", pages = "781-7", }
