Strengthening of RC Beams Containing Large Opening at Flexure with CFRP laminates
This paper presents the study of strengthening R/C
beams with large circular and square opening located at flexure zone
by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates. A total of
five beams were tested to failure under four point loading to
investigate the structural behavior including crack patterns, failure
mode, ultimate load and load deflection behaviour. Test results show
that large opening at flexure reduces the beam capacity and stiffness;
and increases cracking and deflection. A strengthening configuration
was designed for each un-strengthened beams based on their
respective crack patterns. CFRP laminates remarkably restore the
beam capacity of beam with large circular opening at flexure location
while 10% re-gain of beam capacity with square opening. The use of
CFRP laminates with the designed strengthening configuration could
significantly reduce excessive cracking and deflection and increase
the ultimate capacity and stiffness of beam.
[1] M.A. Mansur and K.H. Tan, Concrete Beams with Openings: Analysis
and Design, CRC Press, 1999.
[2] Mansur M.A., "Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Web
Openings," Proceedings of the 6th Asia-Pacific Structural Engineering
and Construction Conference (ASPEC 2006), 5-6 September 2006,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., 2006, pp. 104-120.
[3] M.A. Mansur, L.M. Huang, K.H. Tan, and S.L. Lee, "Deflections of
Reinforced Concrete Beams with Web Openings," ACI Structural
Journal, vol. 89, 1992, pp. 391-397.
[4] M.A. Mansur, K.H. Tan, and S.L. Lee, "Design Method for Reinforced
Concrete Beams with Large Openings," ACI Journal, vol. 82, 1985, pp.
517-524.
[5] K.H. Tan, M.A. Mansur, and W. Wei, "Design of Reinforced Concrete
Beams with Circular Openings," ACI Structural Journal, vol. 98, 2001,
pp. 407-415.
[6] K.H. Yang and A.F. Ashour, "Inclined reinforcement around web
opening in concrete beams," Proceedings of The Institution Of Civil
Engineers, Structures and Buildings, vol. 160, 2007, pp. 173-182.
[7] E. Ferrier, S. Avril, P. Hamelin, and A. Vautrin, "Mechanical behavior
of RC beams reinforced by externally bonded CFRP sheets," Materials
and Structures, vol. 36, 2003, pp. 522-529.
[8] H. Madkour, "Non-linear Analysis of Strengthened RC Beams with Web
Openings," Proceedings Of The Institution Of Civil Engineers,
Structures and Buildings, vol. 162, 2009, pp. 115-128.
[9] S.M. Allam, "Strengthening of RC Beams with Large Openings in the
Shear Zone," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 44, 2005, pp. 59-78.
[10] P. Alagusundaramoorthy, I.E. Harik, M. Asce, and C.C. Choo, "Flexural
Behavior of R/C Beams Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced
Polymer Sheets or Fabric," Journal of Composites for Construction, vol.
7, 2003, pp. 292-301.
[11] S.M. Allam and T.I. Ebeido, "Retrofitting of RC beams predamaged in
shear using CFRP sheets," Engineering, 2003, pp. 87-101.
[12] M. Islam, M. Mansur, and M. Maalej, "Shear strengthening of RC deep
beams using externally bonded FRP systems," Cement and Concrete
Composites, vol. 27, Mar. 2005, pp. 413-420.
[13] M.A. Mansur, K.H. Tan, and W. Wei, "Effects of Creating an Opening
in Existing Beams," ACI Structural Journal, vol. 96, 1999, pp. 899-906.
[14] H. Abdalla, "Design against cracking at openings in reinforced concrete
beams strengthened with composite sheets," Composite Structures, vol.
60, May. 2003, pp. 197-204.
[15] T. El Maaddawy and S. Sherif, "FRP composites for shear strengthening
of reinforced concrete deep beams with openings," Composite
Structures, vol. 89, Jun. 2009, pp. 60-69.
[16] A. Pimanmas, "Strengthening R/C beams with opening by externally
installed FRP rods: Behavior and analysis," Composite Structures, vol.
92, Jul. 2010, pp. 1957-1976.
[17] N.F. Somes and W.G. Corley, "Circular openings in webs of continuous
beams," American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Mich, vol. SP-
42, 1974, pp. 359-398.
[1] M.A. Mansur and K.H. Tan, Concrete Beams with Openings: Analysis
and Design, CRC Press, 1999.
[2] Mansur M.A., "Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Web
Openings," Proceedings of the 6th Asia-Pacific Structural Engineering
and Construction Conference (ASPEC 2006), 5-6 September 2006,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., 2006, pp. 104-120.
[3] M.A. Mansur, L.M. Huang, K.H. Tan, and S.L. Lee, "Deflections of
Reinforced Concrete Beams with Web Openings," ACI Structural
Journal, vol. 89, 1992, pp. 391-397.
[4] M.A. Mansur, K.H. Tan, and S.L. Lee, "Design Method for Reinforced
Concrete Beams with Large Openings," ACI Journal, vol. 82, 1985, pp.
517-524.
[5] K.H. Tan, M.A. Mansur, and W. Wei, "Design of Reinforced Concrete
Beams with Circular Openings," ACI Structural Journal, vol. 98, 2001,
pp. 407-415.
[6] K.H. Yang and A.F. Ashour, "Inclined reinforcement around web
opening in concrete beams," Proceedings of The Institution Of Civil
Engineers, Structures and Buildings, vol. 160, 2007, pp. 173-182.
[7] E. Ferrier, S. Avril, P. Hamelin, and A. Vautrin, "Mechanical behavior
of RC beams reinforced by externally bonded CFRP sheets," Materials
and Structures, vol. 36, 2003, pp. 522-529.
[8] H. Madkour, "Non-linear Analysis of Strengthened RC Beams with Web
Openings," Proceedings Of The Institution Of Civil Engineers,
Structures and Buildings, vol. 162, 2009, pp. 115-128.
[9] S.M. Allam, "Strengthening of RC Beams with Large Openings in the
Shear Zone," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 44, 2005, pp. 59-78.
[10] P. Alagusundaramoorthy, I.E. Harik, M. Asce, and C.C. Choo, "Flexural
Behavior of R/C Beams Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced
Polymer Sheets or Fabric," Journal of Composites for Construction, vol.
7, 2003, pp. 292-301.
[11] S.M. Allam and T.I. Ebeido, "Retrofitting of RC beams predamaged in
shear using CFRP sheets," Engineering, 2003, pp. 87-101.
[12] M. Islam, M. Mansur, and M. Maalej, "Shear strengthening of RC deep
beams using externally bonded FRP systems," Cement and Concrete
Composites, vol. 27, Mar. 2005, pp. 413-420.
[13] M.A. Mansur, K.H. Tan, and W. Wei, "Effects of Creating an Opening
in Existing Beams," ACI Structural Journal, vol. 96, 1999, pp. 899-906.
[14] H. Abdalla, "Design against cracking at openings in reinforced concrete
beams strengthened with composite sheets," Composite Structures, vol.
60, May. 2003, pp. 197-204.
[15] T. El Maaddawy and S. Sherif, "FRP composites for shear strengthening
of reinforced concrete deep beams with openings," Composite
Structures, vol. 89, Jun. 2009, pp. 60-69.
[16] A. Pimanmas, "Strengthening R/C beams with opening by externally
installed FRP rods: Behavior and analysis," Composite Structures, vol.
92, Jul. 2010, pp. 1957-1976.
[17] N.F. Somes and W.G. Corley, "Circular openings in webs of continuous
beams," American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Mich, vol. SP-
42, 1974, pp. 359-398.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:65008", author = "S.C. Chin and N. Shafiq and M.F. Nuruddin", title = "Strengthening of RC Beams Containing Large Opening at Flexure with CFRP laminates", abstract = "This paper presents the study of strengthening R/C
beams with large circular and square opening located at flexure zone
by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates. A total of
five beams were tested to failure under four point loading to
investigate the structural behavior including crack patterns, failure
mode, ultimate load and load deflection behaviour. Test results show
that large opening at flexure reduces the beam capacity and stiffness;
and increases cracking and deflection. A strengthening configuration
was designed for each un-strengthened beams based on their
respective crack patterns. CFRP laminates remarkably restore the
beam capacity of beam with large circular opening at flexure location
while 10% re-gain of beam capacity with square opening. The use of
CFRP laminates with the designed strengthening configuration could
significantly reduce excessive cracking and deflection and increase
the ultimate capacity and stiffness of beam.", keywords = "CFRP, large opening, R/C beam, strengthening", volume = "5", number = "12", pages = "809-7", }
