In this work we numerically examine structures which
could confine light in nanometer areas. A system consisting of two silicon disks with in plane separation of a few tens of nanometers has
been studied first. The normalized unitless effective mode volume, Veff, has been calculated for the two lowest whispering gallery mode resonances. The effective mode volume is reduced significantly as the gap between the disks decreases. In addition, the effect of the substrate is also studied. In that case, Veff of approximately the same
value as the non-substrate case for a similar two disk system can be
obtained by using disks almost twice as thick. We also numerically examine a structure consisting of a circular slot waveguide which is formed into a silicon disk resonator. We show that the proposed structure could have high Q resonances thus raising the belief that it
is a very promising candidate for optical interconnects applications.
The study includes several numerical calculations for all the geometric parameters of the structure. It also includes numerical simulations of the coupling between a waveguide and the proposed
disk resonator leading to a very promising conclusion about its applicability.
[1] J. Jiang, K. Bosnick, M. Maillard, and L. Brus, "Single molecule Raman
spectroscopy at the junctions of large Ag nanocrystals," J. Phys. Chem.
B 107, 9964 (2003).
[2] S. A. Maier, ``Plasmonic field enhancement and SERS in the effective
mode volume picture-- Opt. Express 14, 1957 (2006).
[3] J. Aizpurua, G. W. Bryant, L. J. Richter, and F. J. Garcia de Abajo,
"Optical properties of coupled metallic nanorods for field enhanced
spectroscopy," Phys.
[4] D. P. Fromm, A. Sundaramurthy, P. J. Schuck, G. Kino, and W. E.
Moerner, "Gap dependent optical coupling of single bowtie
nanoantennas resonant in the visible," Nano Letters 4, 957 (2004).
[5] E. Cubukcu, E. A. Kort, K. B. Crozier, and F. Capasso, "Plasmonic laser
antenna," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 093120 (2006).
[6] M. M. Sigalas, D. A. Fattal, R. S. Williams, S.Y. Wang, and R. G.
Beausoleil, "Electric field enhancement between two Si microdisks",
Opt. Expr. 15, 14711 (2007).
[7] J. T. Robinson, C. Manolatou, L. Chen, and M. Lipson, ``Ultrasmall
Mode Volumes in Dielectric Optical Microcavities,-- Phys. Rev. Lett.
95, 143901 (2005).
[8] D. W. Vernooy,A. Furusawa, N. P. Georgiades, V. S. Ilchenko and H. J.
Kimble, "Cavity QED with high Q whispering gallery modes", Physical
Review A 57, R2293 (1998)
[9] M. Soltani, S. Yegnanarayanan, Q. Li and A. Adibi, "Systematic
Engineering of Waveguide-Resonator Coupling for Silicon
Microring/Microdisk/Racetrack Resonators: Theory and Experiment",
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 46, 1158 (2010)
[10] T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, D. K. Armani and K. J. Vahala,
"Fabrication and coupling to planar high-Q silica disk microcavities",
Applied Physics Letters 83, 797 (2003).
[11] V. R. Almeida, Q. Xu, C. A. Barrios and M. Lipson, "Guiding and
confining light in void nanostructure", Optics Letters 29, 1209 (2004)
[12] F. Volmer et al. "Protein detection by optical shift by a resonant
microcavity", Applied Physics Letters 80, 4057 (2002).
[13] J. Leuthold, C. Koos and W. Freude, "Nonlinear silicon photonics",
Nature Photonics 4, 535 (2010).
[14] W. Hong, X. Sun, "Micro-disks embedded microring for optical filter",
Optik - Int. J. Light Electron Opt. (2011).
[15] M. Cai, O. Painter and K. J. Vahala, "Observation of Critical Coupling
in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode
System", Physical Review Letters 85, 74 (2000).
[16] E. S. Hosseini, S. Yegnanarayanan, A. H. Atabaki, M. Soltani, and A.
Adibi, "High Quality Planar Silicon Nitride Microdisk Resonators for
Integrated Photonics in the VisibleWavelength Range" Optics Express
17, 1543 (2009).
[17] D. K. Armani, T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane and K. J. Vahala, "Ultrahigh-
Q toroid microcavity on a chip", Nature 421, 925 (2003).
[18] T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, C. Walker and A. Scherer, "High-Q
optical resonators in silicon-on-insulator-based slot waveguides",
Applied Physics Letters 86, 081101 (2005).
[19] J. T. Robinson, C. Manolatou, L. Chen and M. Lipson., "Ultrasmall
Mode Volumes in Dielectric Optical Microcavities, Physical Review
Letters 95, 143901 (2005).
[20] Q. Xu and M. Lipson, "All-optical logic based on silicon micro-ring
Resonators", Optics Express 15, 924 (2007).
[21] C. Koos et al, "All-optical high-speed signal processing with silicon-
organic hybrid slot waveguides", Nature Photonics 3, 216 (2009).
[22] A. Kargar and C.Y. Chao, "Design and optimization of waveguide
sensitivity in slot microring sensors", J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 28, 596 (2011).
[23] Computational Electrodynamics, A. Taflove (Artech House, Boston, Ma,
1995).
[1] J. Jiang, K. Bosnick, M. Maillard, and L. Brus, "Single molecule Raman
spectroscopy at the junctions of large Ag nanocrystals," J. Phys. Chem.
B 107, 9964 (2003).
[2] S. A. Maier, ``Plasmonic field enhancement and SERS in the effective
mode volume picture-- Opt. Express 14, 1957 (2006).
[3] J. Aizpurua, G. W. Bryant, L. J. Richter, and F. J. Garcia de Abajo,
"Optical properties of coupled metallic nanorods for field enhanced
spectroscopy," Phys.
[4] D. P. Fromm, A. Sundaramurthy, P. J. Schuck, G. Kino, and W. E.
Moerner, "Gap dependent optical coupling of single bowtie
nanoantennas resonant in the visible," Nano Letters 4, 957 (2004).
[5] E. Cubukcu, E. A. Kort, K. B. Crozier, and F. Capasso, "Plasmonic laser
antenna," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 093120 (2006).
[6] M. M. Sigalas, D. A. Fattal, R. S. Williams, S.Y. Wang, and R. G.
Beausoleil, "Electric field enhancement between two Si microdisks",
Opt. Expr. 15, 14711 (2007).
[7] J. T. Robinson, C. Manolatou, L. Chen, and M. Lipson, ``Ultrasmall
Mode Volumes in Dielectric Optical Microcavities,-- Phys. Rev. Lett.
95, 143901 (2005).
[8] D. W. Vernooy,A. Furusawa, N. P. Georgiades, V. S. Ilchenko and H. J.
Kimble, "Cavity QED with high Q whispering gallery modes", Physical
Review A 57, R2293 (1998)
[9] M. Soltani, S. Yegnanarayanan, Q. Li and A. Adibi, "Systematic
Engineering of Waveguide-Resonator Coupling for Silicon
Microring/Microdisk/Racetrack Resonators: Theory and Experiment",
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 46, 1158 (2010)
[10] T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, D. K. Armani and K. J. Vahala,
"Fabrication and coupling to planar high-Q silica disk microcavities",
Applied Physics Letters 83, 797 (2003).
[11] V. R. Almeida, Q. Xu, C. A. Barrios and M. Lipson, "Guiding and
confining light in void nanostructure", Optics Letters 29, 1209 (2004)
[12] F. Volmer et al. "Protein detection by optical shift by a resonant
microcavity", Applied Physics Letters 80, 4057 (2002).
[13] J. Leuthold, C. Koos and W. Freude, "Nonlinear silicon photonics",
Nature Photonics 4, 535 (2010).
[14] W. Hong, X. Sun, "Micro-disks embedded microring for optical filter",
Optik - Int. J. Light Electron Opt. (2011).
[15] M. Cai, O. Painter and K. J. Vahala, "Observation of Critical Coupling
in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode
System", Physical Review Letters 85, 74 (2000).
[16] E. S. Hosseini, S. Yegnanarayanan, A. H. Atabaki, M. Soltani, and A.
Adibi, "High Quality Planar Silicon Nitride Microdisk Resonators for
Integrated Photonics in the VisibleWavelength Range" Optics Express
17, 1543 (2009).
[17] D. K. Armani, T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane and K. J. Vahala, "Ultrahigh-
Q toroid microcavity on a chip", Nature 421, 925 (2003).
[18] T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, C. Walker and A. Scherer, "High-Q
optical resonators in silicon-on-insulator-based slot waveguides",
Applied Physics Letters 86, 081101 (2005).
[19] J. T. Robinson, C. Manolatou, L. Chen and M. Lipson., "Ultrasmall
Mode Volumes in Dielectric Optical Microcavities, Physical Review
Letters 95, 143901 (2005).
[20] Q. Xu and M. Lipson, "All-optical logic based on silicon micro-ring
Resonators", Optics Express 15, 924 (2007).
[21] C. Koos et al, "All-optical high-speed signal processing with silicon-
organic hybrid slot waveguides", Nature Photonics 3, 216 (2009).
[22] A. Kargar and C.Y. Chao, "Design and optimization of waveguide
sensitivity in slot microring sensors", J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 28, 596 (2011).
[23] Computational Electrodynamics, A. Taflove (Artech House, Boston, Ma,
1995).
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:56207", author = "N. Aravantinos-Zafiris and M. M. Sigalas", title = "Light Confinement in Low Index Nanometer Areas", abstract = "In this work we numerically examine structures which
could confine light in nanometer areas. A system consisting of two silicon disks with in plane separation of a few tens of nanometers has
been studied first. The normalized unitless effective mode volume, Veff, has been calculated for the two lowest whispering gallery mode resonances. The effective mode volume is reduced significantly as the gap between the disks decreases. In addition, the effect of the substrate is also studied. In that case, Veff of approximately the same
value as the non-substrate case for a similar two disk system can be
obtained by using disks almost twice as thick. We also numerically examine a structure consisting of a circular slot waveguide which is formed into a silicon disk resonator. We show that the proposed structure could have high Q resonances thus raising the belief that it
is a very promising candidate for optical interconnects applications.
The study includes several numerical calculations for all the geometric parameters of the structure. It also includes numerical simulations of the coupling between a waveguide and the proposed
disk resonator leading to a very promising conclusion about its applicability.", keywords = "Disk resonators, field enhancement, optical interconnect, slot waveguides.", volume = "6", number = "11", pages = "1036-6", }
