Effects of Coupling Agent on the Properties of Henequen Microfiber (NF) Filled High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites
The main objective of incorporating natural fibers such as Henequen microfibers (NF) into the High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) polymer matrix is to reduce the cost and to enhance the mechanical as well as other properties. The Henequen microfibers were chopped manually to 5-7mm in length and added into the polymer matrix at the optimized concentration of 8 wt %. In order to facilitate the link between Henequen microfibers (NF) and HDPE matrix, coupling agent such as Glycidoxy (Epoxy) Functional Methoxy Silane (GPTS) at various concentrations from 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9% and 1% by weight to the total fibers were added. The tensile strength of the composite increased marginally while % elongation at break of the composites decreased with increase in silane loading by wt %. Tensile modulus and stiffness observed increased at 0.9 wt % GPTS loading. Flexural as well as impact strength of the composite decreased with increase in GPTS loading by weight %. Dielectric strength of the composite also found increased marginally up to 0.5wt % silane loading and thereafter remained constant.
[1] A.K. Rana, A. Mandal, and S. Bandopadhyay, “Short jute fiber
reinforced polypropylene composites: Effect of compatibiliser, impact
modifier and fiber loading,” Composite Science Tech., vol. 63 (6), 2003,
pp.801-806,.
[2] T. Nishino, K. Hirao, M. Kotera, K. Nakamae, and H. Inagaki, “Kenaf
reinforced biodegradable composites,” Composite science Tech.,
vol.63(9), 2003, pp.1281-1286.
[3] L.M. Arzondo, C.J. Perez, and J.M. Corella, “Injection molding of long
sisal fiber-reinforced polypropylene: Effects of compatibiliser
concentration and viscosity on fiber adhesion and thermal degradation,”
Polymer Eng Sci.., vol.45 (4), 2005, pp.613–621.
[4] K.C. Nair, S. Thomas, and G. Groeninckx, “Thermal dynamic
mechanical analysis of polystyrene composite reinforced with short sisal
fiber,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 61(16), 2001,
pp.2519–2529.
[5] Y. Pang, D. Cho, S.O. Han, and W.H. Park, “Interfacial strength and
thermal properties of electron beam treated henequen fibers reinforced
unsaturated polyester composites, vol.13(5),2005, pp453-459.
[6] G.C. Yang, H.M. Zeng, and J.J. Li, “Study of sisal fiber /phenol
formaldehyde resin composite (in Chinese),” Journal of Fiber
Reinforced Plastics/Composites, vol.3,1997, pp.12-14.
[7] M. Anguilar-Vegaand, and C.A. Cruz-Ramos, “Properties of henequen
cellulosic fibers,” Appl Polym Sci., vol. 56(10), 1995, pp.1245-1252.
[8] Y. Xie, A.S. Callum, Z. Xiao, H. Militz, and C. Mai, “Silane coupling
agents used for natural fiber/polymer composites: A review,”
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.41 (7),
2010 pp.806-819.
[9] H.S. Lee, and D. Cho, “Effect of natural fiber surface treatment on the
interfacial & mechanical properties of henequen/polypropylene
biocomposites,” Macromolecular Research, vol. 16(5), 2008, pp.411-
417.
[10] N. Phueakbuakhao, W. Prissanaroon-ouajai, and N.Kreua-ongarjnukool,
“Effect of coupling agent on mechanical properties and morphology of
CaCO3 filled recycled High Density Polyethylene,” Journal of Metals,
Materials & Minerals, vol. 18(2),2008 pp.131-135.
[11] Z.H. Liu, K.W. Kwok, R.K.Y. Li ,and C.L. Choy, “Effects of coupling
agent & morphology on the impact strength of High Density
Polyethylene/CaCO3 Composite,” Polymer, vol.3 (8),2002, pp. 2501-
2506.
[12] J. Gonzalez, C. Albano, I. Lehazo, and B. Diaz, “Effects of coupling
agent on mechanical and morphological behaviour of PP/HDPE blend
with the two different CaCO3,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 38(12),
2012, pp.2465-2475.
[13] S.R. Liamazares, A. Zuniga, J. Castano, and L.R. Radovic,
“Comparative study of maleated PP as a coupling agent for recycled
low-density polyethylene/wood floor composites,” Journal of Applied
Polymer Science, vol. 122(3), 2011, pp.1731-1741.
[14] X. Yuan, D. Bhattacharyya, and A. Easteal, “Effects of coupling agent
on mechanical performance of Polyethylene composite comprising
Wallastonite microfibers,” Key Engineering materials, vol. 334-
335,2007, pp.265-268.
[15] R.G. Raj, B.V. Kotka, D. Maidas, and C. Daneault, “Use of wood fiber
in thermoplastics: The effect of coupling agent in Polyethylene-Wood
fiber composites,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 37(4),
1989, pp.1089-1103.
[16] N.Chand, and U.K. Dwivedi, “Effects of coupling agent on abrasive
wear behaviour of chopped jute fiber-reinforced PP composites,” Wear,
vol.261, 2006, pp.1057-1063.
[17] O.M.L. Asumani, R.G. Reid, and R. Paskaramoorthy, “The effects of
alkali-silane treatment on the tensile and flexural properties of short
fiber non-woven Kenaf reinforced PP composites,” Composites Part A:
App. Sci. and Manufacturing, vol. 43(9), 2012, pp.1431-1440.
[18] P.A.Mahanwar, and P.R.Gaikwad, “Effect of coupling agent on the
properties of short non-woven PET microfiber reinforced PP
composites,” International Journal of Chemical, Environmental &
Biological Sciences vol.2 (5), 2014, pp.175-180.
[1] A.K. Rana, A. Mandal, and S. Bandopadhyay, “Short jute fiber
reinforced polypropylene composites: Effect of compatibiliser, impact
modifier and fiber loading,” Composite Science Tech., vol. 63 (6), 2003,
pp.801-806,.
[2] T. Nishino, K. Hirao, M. Kotera, K. Nakamae, and H. Inagaki, “Kenaf
reinforced biodegradable composites,” Composite science Tech.,
vol.63(9), 2003, pp.1281-1286.
[3] L.M. Arzondo, C.J. Perez, and J.M. Corella, “Injection molding of long
sisal fiber-reinforced polypropylene: Effects of compatibiliser
concentration and viscosity on fiber adhesion and thermal degradation,”
Polymer Eng Sci.., vol.45 (4), 2005, pp.613–621.
[4] K.C. Nair, S. Thomas, and G. Groeninckx, “Thermal dynamic
mechanical analysis of polystyrene composite reinforced with short sisal
fiber,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 61(16), 2001,
pp.2519–2529.
[5] Y. Pang, D. Cho, S.O. Han, and W.H. Park, “Interfacial strength and
thermal properties of electron beam treated henequen fibers reinforced
unsaturated polyester composites, vol.13(5),2005, pp453-459.
[6] G.C. Yang, H.M. Zeng, and J.J. Li, “Study of sisal fiber /phenol
formaldehyde resin composite (in Chinese),” Journal of Fiber
Reinforced Plastics/Composites, vol.3,1997, pp.12-14.
[7] M. Anguilar-Vegaand, and C.A. Cruz-Ramos, “Properties of henequen
cellulosic fibers,” Appl Polym Sci., vol. 56(10), 1995, pp.1245-1252.
[8] Y. Xie, A.S. Callum, Z. Xiao, H. Militz, and C. Mai, “Silane coupling
agents used for natural fiber/polymer composites: A review,”
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.41 (7),
2010 pp.806-819.
[9] H.S. Lee, and D. Cho, “Effect of natural fiber surface treatment on the
interfacial & mechanical properties of henequen/polypropylene
biocomposites,” Macromolecular Research, vol. 16(5), 2008, pp.411-
417.
[10] N. Phueakbuakhao, W. Prissanaroon-ouajai, and N.Kreua-ongarjnukool,
“Effect of coupling agent on mechanical properties and morphology of
CaCO3 filled recycled High Density Polyethylene,” Journal of Metals,
Materials & Minerals, vol. 18(2),2008 pp.131-135.
[11] Z.H. Liu, K.W. Kwok, R.K.Y. Li ,and C.L. Choy, “Effects of coupling
agent & morphology on the impact strength of High Density
Polyethylene/CaCO3 Composite,” Polymer, vol.3 (8),2002, pp. 2501-
2506.
[12] J. Gonzalez, C. Albano, I. Lehazo, and B. Diaz, “Effects of coupling
agent on mechanical and morphological behaviour of PP/HDPE blend
with the two different CaCO3,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 38(12),
2012, pp.2465-2475.
[13] S.R. Liamazares, A. Zuniga, J. Castano, and L.R. Radovic,
“Comparative study of maleated PP as a coupling agent for recycled
low-density polyethylene/wood floor composites,” Journal of Applied
Polymer Science, vol. 122(3), 2011, pp.1731-1741.
[14] X. Yuan, D. Bhattacharyya, and A. Easteal, “Effects of coupling agent
on mechanical performance of Polyethylene composite comprising
Wallastonite microfibers,” Key Engineering materials, vol. 334-
335,2007, pp.265-268.
[15] R.G. Raj, B.V. Kotka, D. Maidas, and C. Daneault, “Use of wood fiber
in thermoplastics: The effect of coupling agent in Polyethylene-Wood
fiber composites,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 37(4),
1989, pp.1089-1103.
[16] N.Chand, and U.K. Dwivedi, “Effects of coupling agent on abrasive
wear behaviour of chopped jute fiber-reinforced PP composites,” Wear,
vol.261, 2006, pp.1057-1063.
[17] O.M.L. Asumani, R.G. Reid, and R. Paskaramoorthy, “The effects of
alkali-silane treatment on the tensile and flexural properties of short
fiber non-woven Kenaf reinforced PP composites,” Composites Part A:
App. Sci. and Manufacturing, vol. 43(9), 2012, pp.1431-1440.
[18] P.A.Mahanwar, and P.R.Gaikwad, “Effect of coupling agent on the
properties of short non-woven PET microfiber reinforced PP
composites,” International Journal of Chemical, Environmental &
Biological Sciences vol.2 (5), 2014, pp.175-180.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:69836", author = "Pravin Gaikwad and Prakash Mahanwar", title = "Effects of Coupling Agent on the Properties of Henequen Microfiber (NF) Filled High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites", abstract = "The main objective of incorporating natural fibers such as Henequen microfibers (NF) into the High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) polymer matrix is to reduce the cost and to enhance the mechanical as well as other properties. The Henequen microfibers were chopped manually to 5-7mm in length and added into the polymer matrix at the optimized concentration of 8 wt %. In order to facilitate the link between Henequen microfibers (NF) and HDPE matrix, coupling agent such as Glycidoxy (Epoxy) Functional Methoxy Silane (GPTS) at various concentrations from 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9% and 1% by weight to the total fibers were added. The tensile strength of the composite increased marginally while % elongation at break of the composites decreased with increase in silane loading by wt %. Tensile modulus and stiffness observed increased at 0.9 wt % GPTS loading. Flexural as well as impact strength of the composite decreased with increase in GPTS loading by weight %. Dielectric strength of the composite also found increased marginally up to 0.5wt % silane loading and thereafter remained constant.
", keywords = "Henequen microfibers (NF), polymer composites,
HDPE, coupling agent, GPTS", volume = "9", number = "5", pages = "495-5", }
