Durability Study Partially Saturated Fly Ash Blended Cement Concrete
This paper presents the experimental results of the
investigation of various properties related to the durability and longterm
performance of mortars made of Fly Ash blended cement, FA
and Ordinary Portland cement, OPC. The properties that were
investigated in an experimental program include; equilibration of
specimen in different relative humidity, determination of total
porosity, compressive strength, chloride permeability index, and
electrical resistivity. Fly Ash blended cement mortar specimens
exhibited 10% to 15% lower porosity when measured at equilibrium
conditions in different relative humidities as compared to the
specimens made of OPC mortar, which resulted in 6% to 8% higher
compressive strength of FA blended cement mortar specimens. The
effects of ambient relative humidity during sample equilibration on
porosity and strength development were also studied. For specimens
equilibrated in higher relative humidity conditions, such as 75%, the
total porosity of different mortar specimens was between 35% to 50%
less than the porosity of samples equilibrated in 12% relative
humidity, consequently leading to higher compressive strengths of
these specimens.A valid statistical correlation between values of
compressive strength, porosity and the degree of saturation was
obtained. Measured values of chloride permeability index of fly ash
blended cement mortar were obtained as one fourth to one sixth of
those measured for OPC mortar specimens, which indicates high
resistance against chloride ion penetration in FA blended cement
specimens, hence resulting in a highly durable mortar.
[1] R. A. Cook and K. C. Hover, "Mercury porosimetry of cement based
materials and associated corrosion factors", ACI Materials Journal, Vol.
90, No. 2, 1993, pp. 152-158.
[2] P. W. Brown and D. Shi, "Porosity-Permeability Relationships",
Materials Science of Concrete, Vol. 2, Skalny, J and Mindess, S, (eds.),
1993, pp. 83-109.
[3] J. G. Cabrera and P. Ghoddoussi, "The Influence of Fly Ash on the
Resistivity and Rate of Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete", ACI SP 145,
Durability of Concrete, Nice (France), 1994, pp. 229-244.
[4] British Standards Instituition, BS 12; (1996), "Specifications for
Portland Cement", BSI, London.
[5] British Standards Institution, BS 882; (1992), "Specifications for
Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete", BSI, London.
[6] British Standards Institution, BS 1881, PART 116; (1983), "Method of
Determination of Compressive Strength of Cubes", BSI, London.
[7] RILEM, CP 113; (1984), "Absorption of Water by Immersion under
Vacuum", Materials and Structures, Research and Testing, No. 101, pp.
393-394.
[8] J. G. Cabrera and C. J. Lynsdale,, "Measurement of Chloride
Permeability in Superplasticised Ordinary Portland Cement and
Pozzolanic Cement Mortars", Int. Conference, "Measurements and
Testing in Civil Engineering", Lyon-Villeurbranne, 1988 pp. 279-290.
[9] K. Tutti, "Corrosion of Steel in Concrete", Swedish Cement and
Concrete Research Institute (CBI), Stockholm, 1982, No. 4.82.
[10] V. M. Malhotra and N. J. Carino "Non-destructive Testing of Concrete",
CRC Press, 1991, pp. 217-225.
[11] P.R.W. Vassie, "Evaluation of Techniques for Investigating the
Corrosion of Steel in Concrete", TRL: Supplementary Report 397, 1978
[12] N. S. Berke and M. C. Hicks, "Predicting Chloride Profiles in Concrete",
Corrosion Engineering, Vol. 50, No. 3, 1993, pp. 234-239.
[13] P. B. Bamforth, and D. C. Pocock, "Minimising the Risk of Chloride
Induced Corrosion by Selection of Concreting Materials", Proceedings
of the Conference on, "Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete",
Society of Chemical Industry, Elsevier Applied Science, 1990, pp.119-
131.
[14] N. Shafiq, M. F. Nuruddin and I. Kamaruddin, "Comparison of
engineering and durability properties of fly ash blended cement concrete
made in UK and Malaysia"; Journal of Advances in Applied Ceramics
Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, Maney publishers, volume
106, No: 6, 2007, pp:314-318.
[1] R. A. Cook and K. C. Hover, "Mercury porosimetry of cement based
materials and associated corrosion factors", ACI Materials Journal, Vol.
90, No. 2, 1993, pp. 152-158.
[2] P. W. Brown and D. Shi, "Porosity-Permeability Relationships",
Materials Science of Concrete, Vol. 2, Skalny, J and Mindess, S, (eds.),
1993, pp. 83-109.
[3] J. G. Cabrera and P. Ghoddoussi, "The Influence of Fly Ash on the
Resistivity and Rate of Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete", ACI SP 145,
Durability of Concrete, Nice (France), 1994, pp. 229-244.
[4] British Standards Instituition, BS 12; (1996), "Specifications for
Portland Cement", BSI, London.
[5] British Standards Institution, BS 882; (1992), "Specifications for
Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete", BSI, London.
[6] British Standards Institution, BS 1881, PART 116; (1983), "Method of
Determination of Compressive Strength of Cubes", BSI, London.
[7] RILEM, CP 113; (1984), "Absorption of Water by Immersion under
Vacuum", Materials and Structures, Research and Testing, No. 101, pp.
393-394.
[8] J. G. Cabrera and C. J. Lynsdale,, "Measurement of Chloride
Permeability in Superplasticised Ordinary Portland Cement and
Pozzolanic Cement Mortars", Int. Conference, "Measurements and
Testing in Civil Engineering", Lyon-Villeurbranne, 1988 pp. 279-290.
[9] K. Tutti, "Corrosion of Steel in Concrete", Swedish Cement and
Concrete Research Institute (CBI), Stockholm, 1982, No. 4.82.
[10] V. M. Malhotra and N. J. Carino "Non-destructive Testing of Concrete",
CRC Press, 1991, pp. 217-225.
[11] P.R.W. Vassie, "Evaluation of Techniques for Investigating the
Corrosion of Steel in Concrete", TRL: Supplementary Report 397, 1978
[12] N. S. Berke and M. C. Hicks, "Predicting Chloride Profiles in Concrete",
Corrosion Engineering, Vol. 50, No. 3, 1993, pp. 234-239.
[13] P. B. Bamforth, and D. C. Pocock, "Minimising the Risk of Chloride
Induced Corrosion by Selection of Concreting Materials", Proceedings
of the Conference on, "Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete",
Society of Chemical Industry, Elsevier Applied Science, 1990, pp.119-
131.
[14] N. Shafiq, M. F. Nuruddin and I. Kamaruddin, "Comparison of
engineering and durability properties of fly ash blended cement concrete
made in UK and Malaysia"; Journal of Advances in Applied Ceramics
Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, Maney publishers, volume
106, No: 6, 2007, pp:314-318.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:62247", author = "N. Shafiq and M. F. Nuruddin and S. C. Chin", title = "Durability Study Partially Saturated Fly Ash Blended Cement Concrete", abstract = "This paper presents the experimental results of the
investigation of various properties related to the durability and longterm
performance of mortars made of Fly Ash blended cement, FA
and Ordinary Portland cement, OPC. The properties that were
investigated in an experimental program include; equilibration of
specimen in different relative humidity, determination of total
porosity, compressive strength, chloride permeability index, and
electrical resistivity. Fly Ash blended cement mortar specimens
exhibited 10% to 15% lower porosity when measured at equilibrium
conditions in different relative humidities as compared to the
specimens made of OPC mortar, which resulted in 6% to 8% higher
compressive strength of FA blended cement mortar specimens. The
effects of ambient relative humidity during sample equilibration on
porosity and strength development were also studied. For specimens
equilibrated in higher relative humidity conditions, such as 75%, the
total porosity of different mortar specimens was between 35% to 50%
less than the porosity of samples equilibrated in 12% relative
humidity, consequently leading to higher compressive strengths of
these specimens.A valid statistical correlation between values of
compressive strength, porosity and the degree of saturation was
obtained. Measured values of chloride permeability index of fly ash
blended cement mortar were obtained as one fourth to one sixth of
those measured for OPC mortar specimens, which indicates high
resistance against chloride ion penetration in FA blended cement
specimens, hence resulting in a highly durable mortar.", keywords = "chloride permeability index, equilibrium condition,
electrical resistivity, fly ash", volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "267-5", }