Adsorption Refrigeration Working Pairs: The State-of-the-Art in the Application
Adsorption refrigeration working pair is a vital and is the main component in the adsorption refrigeration machine. Therefore the development key is laying on the adsorption pair that leads to the improvement of the adsorption refrigeration machine. In this study the state-of-the-art in the application of the adsorption refrigeration working pairs in both classical and modern adsorption pairs are presented, compared and summarized. It is found that the maximum adsorption capacity for the classical working pairs was 0.259kg/kg for activated carbon/methanol and that for the modern working pairs was 2kg/kg for maxsorb III/R-134a. The study concluded that, the performances of the adsorption working pairs of adsorption cooling systems are still need further investigations as well as developing adsorption pairs having higher sorption capacity with low or no impact on environmental, to build compact, efficient, reliable and long life performance adsorption chillier. Also, future researches need to be focused on designing the adsorption system that provide efficient heating and cooling for the adsorbent materials through distributing the adsorbent material over heat exchanger surface, to allow good heat and mass transfer between the adsorbent and the refrigerant.
<p>[1] L. Yong and R. Z. Wang. “Adsorption Refrigeration: A Survey of Novel Technologies”, Recent Patents on Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2007.
[2] I. Pilatowsky, R. J. Romero, C. A. Isaza, S. A. Gamboa, P. J. Sebastian and W. Rivera “Cogeneration Fuel Cell-Sorption Air Conditioning Systems”. Green Energy and Technology, Springer Publication 2011. First Edition.
[3] A. O. Dieng and R. Z. Wang “Literature review on solar adsorption technologies for ice-making and air conditioning purposes and recent developments in solar technology”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews vol. 5, ppt. 313–342, 2001.
[4] K. Habib, B. B.Saha, A. Chakraborty, S. Koyama and K. Srinivasan “Performance evaluation of combined adsorption refrigeration cycles”. International journal of refrigeration vol. 34,ppt. 129-137, 2011.
[5] State of the art – Survey on new solar cooling developments. IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration. Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010.
[6] J. Y. San and W. M. Lin “Comparison among three adsorption pairs for using as the working substances in a multi-bed adsorption heat pump”. Applied Thermal Engineering 28,ppt. 988–997, 2008.
[7] A. A. Askalany, M. Salem, I. M. Ismail, A H H. Ali and M. G. Morsy “A review on adsorption cooling systems with adsorbent carbon”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews vol. 16,ppt. 493– 500, 2012.
[8] Y. I. Aristov, “Challenging offers of material science for adsorption heat transformation: A review”, Applied Thermal Engineering vol.50,ppt. 1610-1618, 2011.
[9] A. A. Askalany, M. Salem, I.M. Ismael, A.H.H. Ali, M.G. Morsy and B. B. Saha. “An overview on adsorption pairs for cooling”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews vol. 19, ppt. 565–572, 2013.
[10] X. Zhou, H. Yi, X. Tang, H. Deng and H. Liu. “Thermodynamics for the adsorption of SO2, NO and CO2 from flue gas on activated carbon fiber”. Chemical Engineering Journal vol. 200–202, ppt. 399–4042012.
[11] M. Bhagiyalakshmi, P.Hemalatha, M. Palanichamyand H. T. Jang “Adsorption, regeneration and interaction of CO2 with a polythiophene–carbon mesocomposite”. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects vol.374, ppt. 48–53, 2011.
[12] S. Jribi, A. Chakraborty, I. I. El-Sharkawy, B. B. Saha and S. Koyama “Thermodynamic Analysis of Activated Carbon- CO2 based Adsorption Cooling Cycles”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (2008) 43.
[13] C. Hai-jun, C. Qun, T. Ying, C. Xiu-jun and Y. Hu-qing “Attapulgite based LiCl composite adsorbents for cooling and air conditioning applications”. Applied Thermal Engineering vol.28, ppt. 2187–2193, 2008.
[14] M. F. Carvalho, A. F. Duque, I. C. Gonc and P.M.L. Castro “Adsorption of fluorobenzene onto granular activated carbon: Isotherm and bioavailability studies”. Bioresource Technology vol. 98, ppt. 3424–3430, 2007.
[15] I. Solmus‚ D. A. S. Rees, C.Yamalı, D. Baker and B. Kaftanoglu “Numerical investigation of coupled heat and mass transfer inside the adsorbent bed of an adsorption cooling unit”. International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 35, ppt. 652-662, 2012.
[16] Q. Cui, G. Tao, H. Chen, X. Guo and H. Yao “Environmentally benign working pairs for adsorption refrigeration”. Energy vol.30,ppt. 261–271, 2005.
[17] S. Tanada, N. Kawasaki, T. Nakamura and I. Abe “Adsorption Properties of CFC and CFC Replacements on Activated Carbon Containing Introduced Ionic Fluoride and Chloride”. Journal of Collide and Interface Science vol. 183,ppt. 143–147, 1996.
[18] Tso C.Y. and Chao C. Y.H. Activated carbon, silica-gel and calcium chloride composite adsorbents for energy efficient solar adsorption cooling and dehumidification systems. International Journal of Refrigeration 35 (2012) 1626 – 1638.
[19] X. Lia., H. Liu, D. Luo, J. Li, Y. Huang, H. Li, Y. Fang, Y. Xu and L. Zhu “Adsorption of CO2 on heterostructure CdS (Bi2S3)/TiO2 nanotube photocatalysts and their photocatalytic activities in the reduction of CO2 to methanol under visible light irradiation”. Chemical Engineering Journal vol. 180, ppt. 151 – 158, 2012.
[20] Z. Zhang, S. Xian, H. Xi, H. Wang and Z. Li “Improvement of CO2 adsorption on ZIF-8 crystals modified by enhancing basicity of surface”. Chemical Engineering Science vol. 66, ppt. 4878 – 4888, 2011.
[21] A. A. Askalany. M. Salem, I. M. Ismail, A. H. H. Ali and M. G. Morsy. “Experimental study on adsorption-desorption characteristics of granular activated carbon/R134a pair”. International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 35, ppt. 706-7132012.
[22] V. Baiju and C. Muraleedharan “Performance Study Of A Two Stage Solar Adsorption Refrigeration System”. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology vol.3,ppt. 5754–5764, 2011.
[23] I. Glaznev, I. Ponomarenko, S. Kirik and Y. Aristov. “Composites CaCl2/SBA-15 for adsorptive transformation of low temperature heat: Pore size effect”. International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 34,ppt. 1244 – 1250, 2011.
[24] H. S. Bao, R. G. Oliveira, R. Z. Wang, L.W. Wang and Z.W. Ma “Working pairs for resorption refrigerator”. Applied Thermal Engineering vol. 31, ppt. 3015 – 3021, 2011.
[25] G. P. Lithoxoos, A. Labropoulos, L. D. Peristeras, N. Kanellopoulos, J. Samios and I. G. Economou. “Adsorption of N2, CH4, CO and CO2 gases in single walled carbon nanotubes: A combined experimental and Monte Carlo molecular simulation study”. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids vol. 55, ppt. 510 – 523, 2010.
[26] M. A. Al-Ghouti, I. Yousef, R Ahmad., A. M. Ghrair and A. A. Al-Maaitah “Characterization of diethyl ether adsorption on activated carbon using a novel adsorption refrigerator”. Chemical Engineering Journal vol. 162, ppt. 234 – 241, 2010.
[27] Y. L. Liu, R.Z. Wang and Z.Z. Xia “Experimental study on a continuous adsorption water chiller with novel design”. International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 28, ppt. 218–230, 2005.
[28] Z. Z. Xia, R. Z. Wang, D. C. Wang, Y. L. Liu, J.Y. Wu and C.J. Chen “Development and comparison of two-bed silica gel–water adsorption chillers driven by low-grade heat source”. International Journal of Thermal Sciences vol. 48, ppt. 1017–1025, 2009.
[29] J.Y. San and H.C. Hsu “Performance of a multi-bed adsorption heat pump using SWS-1L composite adsorbent and water as the working pair”. Applied Thermal Engineering vol. 29, ppt. 1606–16139, 2009.
[30] L. Wang, L. Chen, H. L. Wang and D. L. Liao “The adsorption refrigeration characteristics of alkaline-earth metal chlorides and its composite adsorbents”. Renewable Energy vol. 34, ppt. 1016–1023, 2009.
[31] I. I. El-Sharkawy, B. B. Saha, S. Koyama, J. He, K. CNg. and C. Yap “Experimental investigation on activated carbon–ethanol pair for solar powered adsorption cooling applications”. International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 31,ppt. 1407 – 1413, 2008.
[32] B. B. Saha, A. Chakraborty, S. Koyama, S. H. Yoon, I. Mochida, M. Kumja, C. Yap and K. C. Ng “Isotherms and thermodynamics for the adsorption of n-butane on pitch based activated carbon”. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer vol. 51,ppt. 1582–1589, 2008.
[33] Y. Zhong, R. E. Critoph, R. N. Thorpe, Z. T. Telto and Y.I. Aristov “Isothermal sorption characteristics of the BaCl2–NH3 pair in a vermiculite host matrix”. Applied Thermal Engineering vol. 27, ppt. 2455–2462, 2007.
[34] L. W. Wang, R. Z. Wang, Z. S. Lu, C.J. Chen and J.Y. Wu “Comparison of the adsorption performance of compound adsorbent in a refrigeration cycle with and without mass recovery”. Chemical Engineering Science vol. 61, ppt. 3761 – 3770, 2006.
[35] Z. T. Telto and R. E. Critoph “Advanced solid sorption air conditioning modules using monolithic carbon–ammonia pair”. Applied Thermal Engineering vol. 23, ppt. 659–674, 2003.
[36] M. Tokarev, L. Gordeeva, V. Romannikov, I. Glaznev and Y Aristov. “New composite sorbent CaCl2 in mesopores for sorption cooling/heating”. Int. J. Therm. Sci. vol. 41, ppt. 470–474, 2002.
[37] S. H. Lin and Y. W. Chen “Gas-phase adsorption isotherms and mass transfer characteristics of 1,1-dichloro- 1-fluoroethane (HCFC- 141 b) by various adsorbents”. Journal of Hazardous Materials vol. 57, ppt. 193-207, 1998.
[38] R. K. Mariwala, M. Acharya and H. C. A Foley “Adsorption of halocarbons on a carbon molecular sieve”. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials vol. 22, ppt. 281-288, 1998.
[39] I. Dincer and M. Kano˘glu “Refrigeration Systems and Applications”. A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication.2010, Second Edition.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>[1] L. Yong and R. Z. Wang. “Adsorption Refrigeration: A Survey of Novel Technologies”, Recent Patents on Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2007.
[2] I. Pilatowsky, R. J. Romero, C. A. Isaza, S. A. Gamboa, P. J. Sebastian and W. Rivera “Cogeneration Fuel Cell-Sorption Air Conditioning Systems”. Green Energy and Technology, Springer Publication 2011. First Edition.
[3] A. O. Dieng and R. Z. Wang “Literature review on solar adsorption technologies for ice-making and air conditioning purposes and recent developments in solar technology”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews vol. 5, ppt. 313–342, 2001.
[4] K. Habib, B. B.Saha, A. Chakraborty, S. Koyama and K. Srinivasan “Performance evaluation of combined adsorption refrigeration cycles”. International journal of refrigeration vol. 34,ppt. 129-137, 2011.
[5] State of the art – Survey on new solar cooling developments. IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration. Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010.
[6] J. Y. San and W. M. Lin “Comparison among three adsorption pairs for using as the working substances in a multi-bed adsorption heat pump”. Applied Thermal Engineering 28,ppt. 988–997, 2008.
[7] A. A. Askalany, M. Salem, I. M. Ismail, A H H. Ali and M. G. Morsy “A review on adsorption cooling systems with adsorbent carbon”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews vol. 16,ppt. 493– 500, 2012.
[8] Y. I. Aristov, “Challenging offers of material science for adsorption heat transformation: A review”, Applied Thermal Engineering vol.50,ppt. 1610-1618, 2011.
[9] A. A. Askalany, M. Salem, I.M. Ismael, A.H.H. Ali, M.G. Morsy and B. B. Saha. “An overview on adsorption pairs for cooling”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews vol. 19, ppt. 565–572, 2013.
[10] X. Zhou, H. Yi, X. Tang, H. Deng and H. Liu. “Thermodynamics for the adsorption of SO2, NO and CO2 from flue gas on activated carbon fiber”. Chemical Engineering Journal vol. 200–202, ppt. 399–4042012.
[11] M. Bhagiyalakshmi, P.Hemalatha, M. Palanichamyand H. T. Jang “Adsorption, regeneration and interaction of CO2 with a polythiophene–carbon mesocomposite”. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects vol.374, ppt. 48–53, 2011.
[12] S. Jribi, A. Chakraborty, I. I. El-Sharkawy, B. B. Saha and S. Koyama “Thermodynamic Analysis of Activated Carbon- CO2 based Adsorption Cooling Cycles”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (2008) 43.
[13] C. Hai-jun, C. Qun, T. Ying, C. Xiu-jun and Y. Hu-qing “Attapulgite based LiCl composite adsorbents for cooling and air conditioning applications”. Applied Thermal Engineering vol.28, ppt. 2187–2193, 2008.
[14] M. F. Carvalho, A. F. Duque, I. C. Gonc and P.M.L. Castro “Adsorption of fluorobenzene onto granular activated carbon: Isotherm and bioavailability studies”. Bioresource Technology vol. 98, ppt. 3424–3430, 2007.
[15] I. Solmus‚ D. A. S. Rees, C.Yamalı, D. Baker and B. Kaftanoglu “Numerical investigation of coupled heat and mass transfer inside the adsorbent bed of an adsorption cooling unit”. International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 35, ppt. 652-662, 2012.
[16] Q. Cui, G. Tao, H. Chen, X. Guo and H. Yao “Environmentally benign working pairs for adsorption refrigeration”. Energy vol.30,ppt. 261–271, 2005.
[17] S. Tanada, N. Kawasaki, T. Nakamura and I. Abe “Adsorption Properties of CFC and CFC Replacements on Activated Carbon Containing Introduced Ionic Fluoride and Chloride”. Journal of Collide and Interface Science vol. 183,ppt. 143–147, 1996.
[18] Tso C.Y. and Chao C. Y.H. Activated carbon, silica-gel and calcium chloride composite adsorbents for energy efficient solar adsorption cooling and dehumidification systems. International Journal of Refrigeration 35 (2012) 1626 – 1638.
[19] X. Lia., H. Liu, D. Luo, J. Li, Y. Huang, H. Li, Y. Fang, Y. Xu and L. Zhu “Adsorption of CO2 on heterostructure CdS (Bi2S3)/TiO2 nanotube photocatalysts and their photocatalytic activities in the reduction of CO2 to methanol under visible light irradiation”. Chemical Engineering Journal vol. 180, ppt. 151 – 158, 2012.
[20] Z. Zhang, S. Xian, H. Xi, H. Wang and Z. Li “Improvement of CO2 adsorption on ZIF-8 crystals modified by enhancing basicity of surface”. Chemical Engineering Science vol. 66, ppt. 4878 – 4888, 2011.
[21] A. A. Askalany. M. Salem, I. M. Ismail, A. H. H. Ali and M. G. Morsy. “Experimental study on adsorption-desorption characteristics of granular activated carbon/R134a pair”. International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 35, ppt. 706-7132012.
[22] V. Baiju and C. Muraleedharan “Performance Study Of A Two Stage Solar Adsorption Refrigeration System”. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology vol.3,ppt. 5754–5764, 2011.
[23] I. Glaznev, I. Ponomarenko, S. Kirik and Y. Aristov. “Composites CaCl2/SBA-15 for adsorptive transformation of low temperature heat: Pore size effect”. International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 34,ppt. 1244 – 1250, 2011.
[24] H. S. Bao, R. G. Oliveira, R. Z. Wang, L.W. Wang and Z.W. Ma “Working pairs for resorption refrigerator”. Applied Thermal Engineering vol. 31, ppt. 3015 – 3021, 2011.
[25] G. P. Lithoxoos, A. Labropoulos, L. D. Peristeras, N. Kanellopoulos, J. Samios and I. G. Economou. “Adsorption of N2, CH4, CO and CO2 gases in single walled carbon nanotubes: A combined experimental and Monte Carlo molecular simulation study”. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids vol. 55, ppt. 510 – 523, 2010.
[26] M. A. Al-Ghouti, I. Yousef, R Ahmad., A. M. Ghrair and A. A. Al-Maaitah “Characterization of diethyl ether adsorption on activated carbon using a novel adsorption refrigerator”. Chemical Engineering Journal vol. 162, ppt. 234 – 241, 2010.
[27] Y. L. Liu, R.Z. Wang and Z.Z. Xia “Experimental study on a continuous adsorption water chiller with novel design”. International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 28, ppt. 218–230, 2005.
[28] Z. Z. Xia, R. Z. Wang, D. C. Wang, Y. L. Liu, J.Y. Wu and C.J. Chen “Development and comparison of two-bed silica gel–water adsorption chillers driven by low-grade heat source”. International Journal of Thermal Sciences vol. 48, ppt. 1017–1025, 2009.
[29] J.Y. San and H.C. Hsu “Performance of a multi-bed adsorption heat pump using SWS-1L composite adsorbent and water as the working pair”. Applied Thermal Engineering vol. 29, ppt. 1606–16139, 2009.
[30] L. Wang, L. Chen, H. L. Wang and D. L. Liao “The adsorption refrigeration characteristics of alkaline-earth metal chlorides and its composite adsorbents”. Renewable Energy vol. 34, ppt. 1016–1023, 2009.
[31] I. I. El-Sharkawy, B. B. Saha, S. Koyama, J. He, K. CNg. and C. Yap “Experimental investigation on activated carbon–ethanol pair for solar powered adsorption cooling applications”. International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 31,ppt. 1407 – 1413, 2008.
[32] B. B. Saha, A. Chakraborty, S. Koyama, S. H. Yoon, I. Mochida, M. Kumja, C. Yap and K. C. Ng “Isotherms and thermodynamics for the adsorption of n-butane on pitch based activated carbon”. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer vol. 51,ppt. 1582–1589, 2008.
[33] Y. Zhong, R. E. Critoph, R. N. Thorpe, Z. T. Telto and Y.I. Aristov “Isothermal sorption characteristics of the BaCl2–NH3 pair in a vermiculite host matrix”. Applied Thermal Engineering vol. 27, ppt. 2455–2462, 2007.
[34] L. W. Wang, R. Z. Wang, Z. S. Lu, C.J. Chen and J.Y. Wu “Comparison of the adsorption performance of compound adsorbent in a refrigeration cycle with and without mass recovery”. Chemical Engineering Science vol. 61, ppt. 3761 – 3770, 2006.
[35] Z. T. Telto and R. E. Critoph “Advanced solid sorption air conditioning modules using monolithic carbon–ammonia pair”. Applied Thermal Engineering vol. 23, ppt. 659–674, 2003.
[36] M. Tokarev, L. Gordeeva, V. Romannikov, I. Glaznev and Y Aristov. “New composite sorbent CaCl2 in mesopores for sorption cooling/heating”. Int. J. Therm. Sci. vol. 41, ppt. 470–474, 2002.
[37] S. H. Lin and Y. W. Chen “Gas-phase adsorption isotherms and mass transfer characteristics of 1,1-dichloro- 1-fluoroethane (HCFC- 141 b) by various adsorbents”. Journal of Hazardous Materials vol. 57, ppt. 193-207, 1998.
[38] R. K. Mariwala, M. Acharya and H. C. A Foley “Adsorption of halocarbons on a carbon molecular sieve”. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials vol. 22, ppt. 281-288, 1998.
[39] I. Dincer and M. Kano˘glu “Refrigeration Systems and Applications”. A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication.2010, Second Edition.</p>
<p> </p>
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:65358", author = "Ahmed N. Shmroukh and Ahmed Hamza H. Ali and Ali K. Abel-Rahman", title = "Adsorption Refrigeration Working Pairs: The State-of-the-Art in the Application", abstract = "Adsorption refrigeration working pair is a vital and is the main component in the adsorption refrigeration machine. Therefore the development key is laying on the adsorption pair that leads to the improvement of the adsorption refrigeration machine. In this study the state-of-the-art in the application of the adsorption refrigeration working pairs in both classical and modern adsorption pairs are presented, compared and summarized. It is found that the maximum adsorption capacity for the classical working pairs was 0.259kg/kg for activated carbon/methanol and that for the modern working pairs was 2kg/kg for maxsorb III/R-134a. The study concluded that, the performances of the adsorption working pairs of adsorption cooling systems are still need further investigations as well as developing adsorption pairs having higher sorption capacity with low or no impact on environmental, to build compact, efficient, reliable and long life performance adsorption chillier. Also, future researches need to be focused on designing the adsorption system that provide efficient heating and cooling for the adsorbent materials through distributing the adsorbent material over heat exchanger surface, to allow good heat and mass transfer between the adsorbent and the refrigerant.
", keywords = "Adsorption, Adsorbent/Adsorbate Pairs, Refrigeration. ", volume = "7", number = "11", pages = "816-13", }
