Characteristics of Suspended Solids Removal by Electrocoagulation
The electrochemical coagulation of a kaolin
suspension was investigated at the currents of 0.06, 0.12, 0.22, 0.44,
0.85 A (corresponding to 0.68, 1.36, 2.50, 5.00, 9.66 mA·cm-2,
respectively) for the contact time of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 min. The
TSS removal efficiency at currents of 0.06 A, 0.12 A and 0.22 A
increased with the amount of iron generated by the sacrificial anode,
while the removal efficiencies did not increase proportionally with
the amount of iron generated at the currents of 0.44 and 0.85 A,
where electroflotation was clearly observed. Zeta potential
measurement illustrated the presence of the highly positive charged
particles created by sorption of highly charged polymeric metal
hydroxyl species onto the negative surface charged kaolin particles at
both low and high applied currents. The disappearance of the
individual peaks after certain contact times indicated the attraction
between these positive and negative charged particles causing
agglomeration. It was concluded that charge neutralization of the
individual species was not the only mechanism operating in the
electrocoagulation process at any current level, but electrostatic
attraction was likely to co-operate or mainly operate.
[1] N.S. Abuzaid, A.A. Bukhari, Z.M. Al-Hamouz, J. Environ. Sci. Health,
Part A 33, 7 (1998) 1341-1358.
[2] A. Bukhari, Bioresour. Technol. 99, 5 (2008) 914-921.
[3] M.J. Mattenson, R.L. Dobson, R.W. Glenn, W.H. Kukunoor, E.J.
Clayfield, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 104
(2005) 101-109.
[4] C.-L. Yang, J. McGarrahan, J. Harard. Mater. B127 (2005) 40-47.
[5] F. Zidane, P. Droguin, B. Lekhlif, J. Bensaid, J.-F. Blais, S. Belcadi, K.
El kacemi, J. Hazard. Mater. 155, 1-2 (2007) 153-163.
[6] I. Heidmann, W. Calmano, J. Hazard. Mater. 152, 3 (2008) 934-941.
[7] N. Meunier, P. Drogui, C. Montané, R. Hausler, G. Mercier, J.-F. Blais
J. Hazard. Mater. 137, 1 (2006) 581-590.
[8] K. Bensadok, S. Benammar, F. Lapicque, G. Nezzal, J. Hazard. Mater.
152, 1 (2008) 423-430.
[9] P. Ca├▒izares, F. Mart├¡nez, C. Jiménez, C. S├íez, M.A. Rodrigo, J. Hazard.
Mater. 151, 1 (2007) 44-51.
[10] M. Uğurlu, A. Gürses, Ç. Doğar, M. Yalçın, J. Environ. Manage. 87, 3
(2008) 420-428.
[11] Y.┼×. Y─▒ld─▒z, A.S. Koparal, B. Keskinler, Chem. Eng. J. 38, 1-3 (2008)
63-72.
[12] B. Zhu, D. A. Clifford, S. Chellam, Water Res. 39, 13 (2005) 3098-
3108.
[13] M.Y.A. Mollah, R. Schennach, J.R. Parge, D.L. Cocke, J. Hazard.
Mater. B84 (2001) 29-41.
[14] M.Y.A. Mollah, P. Morkovsky, J.A.G. Gomes, M. Kesmez, J. Parga,
D.L. Cocke, J. Hazard. Mater., B114, 1-3 (2004) 199-210.
[15] P.K. Holt, G.W. Barton, M. Wark, C.A. Mitchell, Colloids and Surfaces
A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 211 (2002) 233-248.
[16] L.D. Benefield, J.F. Judkins, B.L. Weand, Process Chemistry for Water
and Wastewater Treatment, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1982.
[17] American Public Health Association. Standard methods for the
examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC: American
Public Health Association, American Public Association (APHA), 1998.
[18] R.J. Hunter, Zeta potential in colloid science. Principles and
Applications. Academic press Inc., 1981.
[19] E. Ofir, Y. Oren, A. Adin, Desalination 204 (2007) 87-93.
[20] M.S. Farooqui, Combined Electrooxidation and Electrocoagulation
Processes for the Treatment of Municipal Wastewater. Master Thesis.
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia, 2004.
[21] P. Drogui, M. Asselin, S.K. Brar, H. Benmoussa, J.-F. Blais, Sep. Purif.
Technol. 61 (2007) 301-310.
[1] N.S. Abuzaid, A.A. Bukhari, Z.M. Al-Hamouz, J. Environ. Sci. Health,
Part A 33, 7 (1998) 1341-1358.
[2] A. Bukhari, Bioresour. Technol. 99, 5 (2008) 914-921.
[3] M.J. Mattenson, R.L. Dobson, R.W. Glenn, W.H. Kukunoor, E.J.
Clayfield, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 104
(2005) 101-109.
[4] C.-L. Yang, J. McGarrahan, J. Harard. Mater. B127 (2005) 40-47.
[5] F. Zidane, P. Droguin, B. Lekhlif, J. Bensaid, J.-F. Blais, S. Belcadi, K.
El kacemi, J. Hazard. Mater. 155, 1-2 (2007) 153-163.
[6] I. Heidmann, W. Calmano, J. Hazard. Mater. 152, 3 (2008) 934-941.
[7] N. Meunier, P. Drogui, C. Montané, R. Hausler, G. Mercier, J.-F. Blais
J. Hazard. Mater. 137, 1 (2006) 581-590.
[8] K. Bensadok, S. Benammar, F. Lapicque, G. Nezzal, J. Hazard. Mater.
152, 1 (2008) 423-430.
[9] P. Ca├▒izares, F. Mart├¡nez, C. Jiménez, C. S├íez, M.A. Rodrigo, J. Hazard.
Mater. 151, 1 (2007) 44-51.
[10] M. Uğurlu, A. Gürses, Ç. Doğar, M. Yalçın, J. Environ. Manage. 87, 3
(2008) 420-428.
[11] Y.┼×. Y─▒ld─▒z, A.S. Koparal, B. Keskinler, Chem. Eng. J. 38, 1-3 (2008)
63-72.
[12] B. Zhu, D. A. Clifford, S. Chellam, Water Res. 39, 13 (2005) 3098-
3108.
[13] M.Y.A. Mollah, R. Schennach, J.R. Parge, D.L. Cocke, J. Hazard.
Mater. B84 (2001) 29-41.
[14] M.Y.A. Mollah, P. Morkovsky, J.A.G. Gomes, M. Kesmez, J. Parga,
D.L. Cocke, J. Hazard. Mater., B114, 1-3 (2004) 199-210.
[15] P.K. Holt, G.W. Barton, M. Wark, C.A. Mitchell, Colloids and Surfaces
A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 211 (2002) 233-248.
[16] L.D. Benefield, J.F. Judkins, B.L. Weand, Process Chemistry for Water
and Wastewater Treatment, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1982.
[17] American Public Health Association. Standard methods for the
examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC: American
Public Health Association, American Public Association (APHA), 1998.
[18] R.J. Hunter, Zeta potential in colloid science. Principles and
Applications. Academic press Inc., 1981.
[19] E. Ofir, Y. Oren, A. Adin, Desalination 204 (2007) 87-93.
[20] M.S. Farooqui, Combined Electrooxidation and Electrocoagulation
Processes for the Treatment of Municipal Wastewater. Master Thesis.
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia, 2004.
[21] P. Drogui, M. Asselin, S.K. Brar, H. Benmoussa, J.-F. Blais, Sep. Purif.
Technol. 61 (2007) 301-310.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:60383", author = "C. Phalakornkule and W. Worachai and T. Satitayut", title = "Characteristics of Suspended Solids Removal by Electrocoagulation", abstract = "The electrochemical coagulation of a kaolin
suspension was investigated at the currents of 0.06, 0.12, 0.22, 0.44,
0.85 A (corresponding to 0.68, 1.36, 2.50, 5.00, 9.66 mA·cm-2,
respectively) for the contact time of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 min. The
TSS removal efficiency at currents of 0.06 A, 0.12 A and 0.22 A
increased with the amount of iron generated by the sacrificial anode,
while the removal efficiencies did not increase proportionally with
the amount of iron generated at the currents of 0.44 and 0.85 A,
where electroflotation was clearly observed. Zeta potential
measurement illustrated the presence of the highly positive charged
particles created by sorption of highly charged polymeric metal
hydroxyl species onto the negative surface charged kaolin particles at
both low and high applied currents. The disappearance of the
individual peaks after certain contact times indicated the attraction
between these positive and negative charged particles causing
agglomeration. It was concluded that charge neutralization of the
individual species was not the only mechanism operating in the
electrocoagulation process at any current level, but electrostatic
attraction was likely to co-operate or mainly operate.", keywords = "Coagulation, Electrocoagulation, Electrostatics,Suspended solids, Zeta potential", volume = "4", number = "5", pages = "339-7", }