Error Correction Codes in Wireless Sensor Network: An Energy Aware Approach
Link reliability and transmitted power are two important design constraints in wireless network design. Error control coding (ECC) is a classic approach used to increase link reliability and to lower the required transmitted power. It provides coding gain, resulting in transmitter energy savings at the cost of added decoder power consumption. But the choice of ECC is very critical in the case of wireless sensor network (WSN). Since the WSNs are energy constraint in nature, both the BER and power consumption has to be taken into count. This paper develops a step by step approach in finding suitable error control codes for WSNs. Several simulations are taken considering different error control codes and the result shows that the RS(31,21) fits both in BER and power consumption criteria.
[1] Anna, H.: Wireless sensor network design (Wiley), 2003
[2] I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "A survey
on sensor networks," IEEE Commun. Mag., pp. 102-114, pp. 393-422,
August, 2002.
[3] Polastre, J., Hill, J., and Culler, D, "Versatile low power media access for
wireless sensor networks," In Proceedings of ACM international conference
on embedded networked sensor systems, Maryland, pp. 95107, 2004.
[4] Heinzelman,W. B., Chandrakasan, A., and Balakrishnan, H. , "Energyefficient
communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks," In
Proceedings of the 33rd annual IEEE international conference on system
sciences, Hawaiipp. 210, 2000.
[5] Rappaport, T. S. , "Wireless communications: principles and practice,"
New York: Prentice Hall, 1996.
[6] Proakis, J. G. , "Digital communications. New York: McGraw-Hill,"
1995.
[7] Hendrix, H. , "Viterbi decoding techniques for the TMS320C54x DSP
generation," In Texas instruments application report SPRA071A, 2002.
[8] Karvonen, H., and Pomalaza-Raez, C, "Coding for energy efficient
multihop wireless sensor networks," Proc. Nordic Radio Symposium
2004/Finnish Wireless Communications Workshop 2004 (NRS/ FWCW
2004), Oulu, Finland, 1618 August 2004, pp. 1-5
[9] Kashani, Z.H., and Shiva, M., "BCH coding and multi-hop communication
in wireless sensor networks," Proc. Wireless and Optical Networks
Conf. (WOCN) 2006, Bangalore, India, 11-13 April 2006, pp. 1-5
[10] Hajjarian Kashani, Z., and Shiva, M., "Channel coding in multi-hop
wireless sensor networks," Proc. 6th Int. Conf. ITS Telecommunication
(ITST) 2006, Chengdu, China, 21-23 June 2006
[11] Sankarasubramaniam, Y., Akyildiz, I.F., and McLaughlin, S.W., "Energy
efficiency-based packet size optimization in wireless sensor networks,"
Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Workshop on Sensor Networks Protocols and Applications
(SNPA03), Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 11 May 2003 (held in
conjunction with ICC03)
[12] Vasudevan, S., Goeckel, D., and Towsley, D., "Optimal power allocation
in channel-coded wireless networks," Proc. Annual Allerton Conf. Communication,
Control and Computing, Urbana Champaign, USA, 29October
1 September 2004
[13] P. Lettieri, C. Fragouli, and M. B. Srivastava, "Low power error control
for wireless links," in Proceedings of the 3rd Annual ACM/IEEE International
Conference onMobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM 97),
pp. 139-150, Budapest, Hungary, September 1997.
[14] S. Mukhopadhyay, D. Panigrahi, and S. Dey, "Data aware, low cost
error correction for wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of IEEE
Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 04), vol. 4,
pp. 2492-2497, Atlanta, Ga, USA, March 2004.
[15] E. Shih, S. Cho, F. S. Lee, B. H. Calhoun, and A. Chandrakasan,
"Design considerations for energy-efficient radios in wireless microsensor
networks," Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems for Signal, Image,
and Video Technology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 7794, 2004.
[16] W. Peterson and E. Weldon, Jr., "Error-Correcting Codes, 2nd Edition,"
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology
[17] D.W.Allan, "Time and Frequency (time domain) Characterization, Estimation
and Prediction of Precision Clocks and Oscillators," In IEEE Trans.
UFFC, vol. 34, no. 6, November 1987
[18] R.W. Hamming, "Error detecting and error correcting codes," The Bell
System Technical Journal, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 147160, 1950.
[19] I. S. Reed and G. Solomon, "Polynomial codes over certain finite fields,"
SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, vol. 8, pp. 300304, 1960.
[20] R. C. Bose and D. K. Ray-Chaudhuri, "On a class of error correcting
binary group codes," Information and Control, vol. 3, pp. 6879, 1960.
[21] A. Hocquenghem, "Codes correcteurs derreurs," Chiffres, vol. 2, pp.
147156, 1959.
[22] A. J. Viterbi, "Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically
optimum decoding algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Information
Theory, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 260269, 1967.
[23] L. R. Bahl, J. Cocke, F. Jelinek, and J. Raviv, "Optimal decoding of
linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate," IEEE Transactions on
Information Theory, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 284 287, 1974.
[24] J. Pearl, Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of
Plausible Inference, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, Calif, USA, 1988.
[25] N. Wiberg, "Codes and decoding on general graphs," thesis of Doctor
of Philosophy, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden, 1996.
[26] M. P. C. Fossorier, M.Mihaljevic, and H. Imai, "Reduced complexity
iterative decoding of low-density parity check codes based on belief
propagation," IEEE Transactions on Communications,vol. 47, no. 5, pp.
673680, 1999.
[27] G. Balakrishnan, M. Yang, Y. Jiang and Y. Kim, "Performance Analysis
of Error Control Codes for Wireless Sensor Networks," International
Conference on Information Technology (ITNG-07), 2007.
[28] P. Chen, B. ODea and E. Callaway, "Energy Efficient System Design
with Optimum Transmission Range for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE
International Conference on Comm. (ICC 2002), vol. 2, pp. 945-952, 28
April - 2 May 2002
[29] Sheryl L. Howard, Christian Schlegel, and Kris Iniewski, "Error Control
Coding in Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks: When Is ECC Energy
Efficient?," EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking,
pp. 1-14, Volume 2006.
[1] Anna, H.: Wireless sensor network design (Wiley), 2003
[2] I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "A survey
on sensor networks," IEEE Commun. Mag., pp. 102-114, pp. 393-422,
August, 2002.
[3] Polastre, J., Hill, J., and Culler, D, "Versatile low power media access for
wireless sensor networks," In Proceedings of ACM international conference
on embedded networked sensor systems, Maryland, pp. 95107, 2004.
[4] Heinzelman,W. B., Chandrakasan, A., and Balakrishnan, H. , "Energyefficient
communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks," In
Proceedings of the 33rd annual IEEE international conference on system
sciences, Hawaiipp. 210, 2000.
[5] Rappaport, T. S. , "Wireless communications: principles and practice,"
New York: Prentice Hall, 1996.
[6] Proakis, J. G. , "Digital communications. New York: McGraw-Hill,"
1995.
[7] Hendrix, H. , "Viterbi decoding techniques for the TMS320C54x DSP
generation," In Texas instruments application report SPRA071A, 2002.
[8] Karvonen, H., and Pomalaza-Raez, C, "Coding for energy efficient
multihop wireless sensor networks," Proc. Nordic Radio Symposium
2004/Finnish Wireless Communications Workshop 2004 (NRS/ FWCW
2004), Oulu, Finland, 1618 August 2004, pp. 1-5
[9] Kashani, Z.H., and Shiva, M., "BCH coding and multi-hop communication
in wireless sensor networks," Proc. Wireless and Optical Networks
Conf. (WOCN) 2006, Bangalore, India, 11-13 April 2006, pp. 1-5
[10] Hajjarian Kashani, Z., and Shiva, M., "Channel coding in multi-hop
wireless sensor networks," Proc. 6th Int. Conf. ITS Telecommunication
(ITST) 2006, Chengdu, China, 21-23 June 2006
[11] Sankarasubramaniam, Y., Akyildiz, I.F., and McLaughlin, S.W., "Energy
efficiency-based packet size optimization in wireless sensor networks,"
Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Workshop on Sensor Networks Protocols and Applications
(SNPA03), Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 11 May 2003 (held in
conjunction with ICC03)
[12] Vasudevan, S., Goeckel, D., and Towsley, D., "Optimal power allocation
in channel-coded wireless networks," Proc. Annual Allerton Conf. Communication,
Control and Computing, Urbana Champaign, USA, 29October
1 September 2004
[13] P. Lettieri, C. Fragouli, and M. B. Srivastava, "Low power error control
for wireless links," in Proceedings of the 3rd Annual ACM/IEEE International
Conference onMobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM 97),
pp. 139-150, Budapest, Hungary, September 1997.
[14] S. Mukhopadhyay, D. Panigrahi, and S. Dey, "Data aware, low cost
error correction for wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of IEEE
Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 04), vol. 4,
pp. 2492-2497, Atlanta, Ga, USA, March 2004.
[15] E. Shih, S. Cho, F. S. Lee, B. H. Calhoun, and A. Chandrakasan,
"Design considerations for energy-efficient radios in wireless microsensor
networks," Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems for Signal, Image,
and Video Technology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 7794, 2004.
[16] W. Peterson and E. Weldon, Jr., "Error-Correcting Codes, 2nd Edition,"
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology
[17] D.W.Allan, "Time and Frequency (time domain) Characterization, Estimation
and Prediction of Precision Clocks and Oscillators," In IEEE Trans.
UFFC, vol. 34, no. 6, November 1987
[18] R.W. Hamming, "Error detecting and error correcting codes," The Bell
System Technical Journal, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 147160, 1950.
[19] I. S. Reed and G. Solomon, "Polynomial codes over certain finite fields,"
SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, vol. 8, pp. 300304, 1960.
[20] R. C. Bose and D. K. Ray-Chaudhuri, "On a class of error correcting
binary group codes," Information and Control, vol. 3, pp. 6879, 1960.
[21] A. Hocquenghem, "Codes correcteurs derreurs," Chiffres, vol. 2, pp.
147156, 1959.
[22] A. J. Viterbi, "Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically
optimum decoding algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Information
Theory, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 260269, 1967.
[23] L. R. Bahl, J. Cocke, F. Jelinek, and J. Raviv, "Optimal decoding of
linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate," IEEE Transactions on
Information Theory, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 284 287, 1974.
[24] J. Pearl, Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of
Plausible Inference, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, Calif, USA, 1988.
[25] N. Wiberg, "Codes and decoding on general graphs," thesis of Doctor
of Philosophy, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden, 1996.
[26] M. P. C. Fossorier, M.Mihaljevic, and H. Imai, "Reduced complexity
iterative decoding of low-density parity check codes based on belief
propagation," IEEE Transactions on Communications,vol. 47, no. 5, pp.
673680, 1999.
[27] G. Balakrishnan, M. Yang, Y. Jiang and Y. Kim, "Performance Analysis
of Error Control Codes for Wireless Sensor Networks," International
Conference on Information Technology (ITNG-07), 2007.
[28] P. Chen, B. ODea and E. Callaway, "Energy Efficient System Design
with Optimum Transmission Range for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE
International Conference on Comm. (ICC 2002), vol. 2, pp. 945-952, 28
April - 2 May 2002
[29] Sheryl L. Howard, Christian Schlegel, and Kris Iniewski, "Error Control
Coding in Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks: When Is ECC Energy
Efficient?," EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking,
pp. 1-14, Volume 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:51741", author = "Mohammad Rakibul Islam", title = "Error Correction Codes in Wireless Sensor Network: An Energy Aware Approach", abstract = "Link reliability and transmitted power are two important design constraints in wireless network design. Error control coding (ECC) is a classic approach used to increase link reliability and to lower the required transmitted power. It provides coding gain, resulting in transmitter energy savings at the cost of added decoder power consumption. But the choice of ECC is very critical in the case of wireless sensor network (WSN). Since the WSNs are energy constraint in nature, both the BER and power consumption has to be taken into count. This paper develops a step by step approach in finding suitable error control codes for WSNs. Several simulations are taken considering different error control codes and the result shows that the RS(31,21) fits both in BER and power consumption criteria.
", keywords = "Error correcting code, RS, BCH, wireless sensor networks.", volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "56-6", }
