Abstract: This research was aimed to investigate (1) the
relationship among local social movements, non-governmental
Organization activities and state measures deployment; and (2) the
effects of local social movements, non-governmental Organization
activities, and state measures deployment on conflict of local people
towards the Thai-Malaysian gas pipeline project. These people
included 1,000 residents of the four districts in Songkhla province.
The methods of data analysis consist of multiple regression analysis.
The results of the analysis showed that: (1) local social movements
depended on information, and mass communication; deployment of
state measures depended on compromise, coordination, and mass
communication; and (2) the conflict of local people depended on
mobilization, negotiation, and campaigning for participation of
people in the project. Thus, it is recommended that to successfully
implement any government policy, consideration must be paid to the
conflict of local people, mobilization, negotiation, and campaigning
for people’s participation in the project.
Abstract: This study aimed to look into roles of culture heroes of monks in Buddhism in Songkhla province during the last 50 years. Qualitative study, in-depth interviews, participatory observation and non-participatory observation were employed for this study.
The results of the study indicated that culture heroes in Songkhla province would act as the followings. 1) For secular matters, monks would do something beneficial to the community. 2) For religious matters, monks would behave to follow Buddhism discipline strictly and unambitiously. At the same time, monks would not neglect to teach Buddhists to give respect to Lord Buddha by doing meditation and praying. However, when some of those culture heroes passed away, villagers in the community would show gratitude and appreciation by arranging a religious death anniversary ceremony, having icon, or having narrative to recognize those, continuously.