Abstract: The knowledge of the nature of loading is very
important in order to hold account on the total behavior such as
vibration, shock, fatigue, etc. Fatigue present 90% of failure when
loadings fatigues are very complex. In this paper a study of double
through crack at hole for plate subjected to fatigue loading is
presented. Various modes loading are studied where the applied load
is the same one. The fatigue life is given where the effect of stress
ratio is highlighted. This work is conducted on aluminum alloy 2024
T351 used for much aerospace and aeronautics applications. The
fatigue crack growth behavior with constant amplitude is studied
using the AFGROW code when Forman model is applied. The
fatigue crack growth rate and fatigue life for different loading modes
are compared with variation of others geometrical parameter such as
thickness and dimensions of notch hole.
Abstract: The continued growth of the cities is causing an
increase of the amount of surface to illuminate. However, this rise
into lighting brings some unintended consequences such as increased
of energy consumption or the light pollution. To make these effects
less intrusive as possible some councils have chosen to perform a
part-night lighting in some areas. Nonetheless, this kind of shutdown
may cause serious problems which we intend to highlight in this
paper.
Abstract: Optical emission based on excitonic scattering processes becomes important in dense exciton systems in which the average distance between excitons is of the order of a few Bohr radii but still below the exciton screening threshold. The phenomena due to interactions among excited states play significant role in the emission near band edge of the material. The theory of two-exciton collisions for GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well systems is a mild attempt to understand the physics associated with the optical spectra due to excitonic scattering processes in these novel systems. The four typical processes considered give different spectral shape, peak position and temperature dependence of the emission spectra. We have used the theory of scattering together with the second order perturbation theory to derive the radiative power spontaneously emitted at an energy ħω by these processes. The results arrived at are purely qualitative in nature. The intensity of emitted light in quantum well systems varies inversely to the square of temperature, whereas in case of bulk materials it simply decreases with the temperature.
Abstract: Remarkable changes, like the progress in the ability to understand others' minds, can be identified in several socio-cognitive dimensions between age four and seven. Recently, the parenting attitudes have been considerate as one of the potential extrinsic modifiers of these important developmental aspects. The aim of present study is to explore the relationship among authoritarian parenting attitudes and individual differences in Theory of Mind performance. The study included ninety-two Costarrican preschoolers. Six False-belief tasks, an Advanced Theory of Mind test and the Parenting Attitudes Inventory were used. The results demonstrate that participants with high and low Authoritarian Parenting Received differ in their performance on First and Second Order False-belief tasks, but not in Advanced Theory of Mind tasks. Theoretical considerations about possible explanations regarding these results are discussed and methodological limitations are considered to shed light over future directions.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the
controversial subject of tax incentives to promote regional
development. Although extensive research has been conducted, a
review of the literature gives an inconclusive answer to whether
economic incentives are effective. One reason is the fact that for
some researchers “effective" means the significant location of new
firms in targeted areas, while for others the creation of jobs
regardless if new firms are arriving in a significant fashion. We
present this dichotomy by analyzing a tax incentive program via both
alternatives: location and job creation. The contribution of the paper
is to inform policymakers about the potential opportunities and
pitfalls when designing incentive strategies. This is particularly
relevant, given that both the US and Europe have been promoting
incentives as a tool for regional economic development.
Abstract: The higher compounded growth rates coupled with
favourable demographics in emerging markets portend abundant
opportunities for multinational organizations. With many
organizations competing for talent in these growing markets, their
ability to succeed will depend on their understanding of local
workforce needs and aspirations. Using data from the Towers Watson
2010 Global Workforce Study, this paper highlights differences in
employee engagement, turnover risks, and attraction and retention
drivers between the two markets. Apart from looking at the
traditional drivers of employee engagement, the study also explores
the value placed by employees on elements like a strong senior
leadership, managerial capabilities and career advancement
opportunities. Results reveal that emerging markets employees seem
to be more engaged and value the non-traditional elements more
highly than the developed markets employees.
Abstract: Today’s technology is heavily dependent on web applications. Web applications are being accepted by users at a very rapid pace. These have made our work efficient. These include webmail, online retail sale, online gaming, wikis, departure and arrival of trains and flights and list is very long. These are developed in different languages like PHP, Python, C#, ASP.NET and many more by using scripts such as HTML and JavaScript. Attackers develop tools and techniques to exploit web applications and legitimate websites. This has led to rise of web application security; which can be broadly classified into Declarative Security and Program Security. The most common attacks on the applications are by SQL Injection and XSS which give access to unauthorized users who totally damage or destroy the system. This paper presents a detailed literature description and analysis on Web Application Security, examples of attacks and steps to mitigate the vulnerabilities.
Abstract: Kernel function, which allows the formulation of nonlinear variants of any algorithm that can be cast in terms of dot products, makes the Support Vector Machines (SVM) have been successfully applied in many fields, e.g. classification and regression. The importance of kernel has motivated many studies on its composition. It-s well-known that reproducing kernel (R.K) is a useful kernel function which possesses many properties, e.g. positive definiteness, reproducing property and composing complex R.K by simple operation. There are two popular ways to compute the R.K with explicit form. One is to construct and solve a specific differential equation with boundary value whose handicap is incapable of obtaining a unified form of R.K. The other is using a piecewise integral of the Green function associated with a differential operator L. The latter benefits the computation of a R.K with a unified explicit form and theoretical analysis, whereas there are relatively later studies and fewer practical computations. In this paper, a new algorithm for computing a R.K is presented. It can obtain the unified explicit form of R.K in general reproducing kernel Hilbert space. It avoids constructing and solving the complex differential equations manually and benefits an automatic, flexible and rigorous computation for more general RKHS. In order to validate that the R.K computed by the algorithm can be used in SVM well, some illustrative examples and a comparison between R.K and Gaussian kernel (RBF) in support vector regression are presented. The result shows that the performance of R.K is close or slightly superior to that of RBF.
Abstract: This paper presents comparative emission study of
newly introduced gasoline/LPG bifuel automotive engine in Indian
market. Emissions were tested as per LPG-Bharat stage III driving
cycle. Emission tests were carried out for urban cycle and extra urban
cycle. Total time for urban and extra urban cycle was 1180 sec.
Engine was run in LPG mode by using conversion system. Emissions
were tested as per standard procedure and were compared. Corrected
emissions were computed by deducting ambient reading from sample
reading. Paper describes detail emission test procedure and results
obtained. CO emissions were in the range of38.9 to 111.3 ppm. HC
emissions were in the range of 18.2 to 62.6 ppm. Nox emissions were
08 to 3.9 ppm and CO2 emissions were from 6719.2 to 8051 ppm.
Paper throws light on emission results of LPG vehicles recently
introduced in Indian automobile market. Objectives of this
experimental study were to measure emissions of engines in gasoline
& LPG mode and compare them.
Abstract: From past many decades human beings are suffering
from plethora of natural disasters. Occurrence of disasters is a
frequent process; it changes conceptual myths as more and more
advancement are made. Although we are living in technological era
but in developing countries like Pakistan disasters are shaped by
socially constructed roles. The need is to understand the most
vulnerable group of society i.e. females; their issues are complex in
nature because of undermined gender status in the society. There is a
need to identify maximum issues regarding females and to enhance
the achievement of millennium development goals (MDGs). Gender
issues are of great concern all around the globe including Pakistan.
Here female visibility in society is low, and also during disasters, the
failure to understand the reality that concentrates on double burden
including productive and reproductive care. Women have to
contribute a lot in society so we need to make them more disaster
resilient. For this non-structural measures like awareness, trainings
and education must be carried out. In rural and in urban settings in
any disaster like earthquake or flood, elements like gender
perspective, their age, physical health, demographic issues contribute
towards vulnerability. In Pakistan the gender issues in disasters were
of less concern before 2005 earthquake and 2010 floods. Significant
achievements are made after 2010 floods when gender and child cell
was created to provide all facilities to women and girls. The aim of
the study is to highlight all necessary facilities in a disaster to build
coping mechanism in females from basic rights till advance level
including education.
Abstract: The objective of this research is to investigate the
advantages of using large-diameter 0.7 inch prestressing strands in
pretention applications. The advantages of large-diameter strands are
mainly beneficial in the heavy construction applications. Bridges and
tunnels are subjected to a higher daily traffic with an exponential
increase in trucks ultimate weight, which raise the demand for higher
structural capacity of bridges and tunnels. In this research, precast
prestressed I-girders were considered as a case study. Flexure
capacities of girders fabricated using 0.7 inch strands and different
concrete strengths were calculated and compared to capacities of 0.6
inch strands girders fabricated using equivalent concrete strength.
The effect of bridge deck concrete strength on composite deck-girder
section capacity was investigated due to its possible effect on final
section capacity. Finally, a comparison was made to compare the
bridge cross-section of girders designed using regular 0.6 inch strands
and the large-diameter 0.7 inch. The research findings showed that
structural advantages of 0.7 inch strands allow for using fewer bridge
girders, reduced material quantity, and light-weight members. The
structural advantages of 0.7 inch strands are maximized when high
strength concrete (HSC) are used in girder fabrication, and concrete
of minimum 5ksi compressive strength is used in pouring bridge
decks. The use of 0.7 inch strands in bridge industry can partially
contribute to the improvement of bridge conditions, minimize
construction cost, and reduce the construction duration of the project.
Abstract: Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) has many
applications in traffic systems (highway electronic toll collection, red
light violation enforcement, border and customs checkpoints, etc.).
License Plate Recognition is an effective form of AVI systems. In
this study, a smart and simple algorithm is presented for vehicle-s
license plate recognition system. The proposed algorithm consists of
three major parts: Extraction of plate region, segmentation of
characters and recognition of plate characters. For extracting the
plate region, edge detection algorithms and smearing algorithms are
used. In segmentation part, smearing algorithms, filtering and some
morphological algorithms are used. And finally statistical based
template matching is used for recognition of plate characters. The
performance of the proposed algorithm has been tested on real
images. Based on the experimental results, we noted that our
algorithm shows superior performance in car license plate
recognition.
Abstract: The dynamics of Min proteins plays a center role in
accurate cell division. Although the nucleoids may presumably play
an important role in prokaryotic cell division, there is a lack of
models to account for its participation. In this work, we apply the
lattice Boltzmann method to investigate protein oscillation based on a
mesoscopic model that takes into account the nucleoid-s role. We
found that our numerical results are in reasonably good agreement
with the previous experimental results On comparing with the other
computational models without the presence of nucleoids, the
highlight of our finding is that the local densities of MinD and MinE
on the cytoplasmic membrane increases, especially along the cell
width, when the size of the obstacle increases, leading to a more
distinct cap-like structure at the poles. This feature indicated the
realistic pattern and reflected the combination of Min protein
dynamics and nucleoid-s role.
Abstract: Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements are
reported for binary mixture of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran and Cumene
at 97.3 kPa. The data were obtained using a vapor recirculating type
(modified Othmer's) equilibrium still. The mixture shows slight
negative deviation from ideality. The system does not form an
azeotrope. The experimental data obtained in this study are
thermodynamically consistent according to the Herington test. The
activity coefficients have been satisfactorily correlated by means of
the Margules, and NRTL equations. Excess Gibbs free energy has
been calculated from the experimental data. The values of activity
coefficients have also been obtained by the UNIFAC group
contribution method.
Abstract: In the analysis of structures, the nonlinear effects due to large displacement, large rotation and materially-nonlinear are very important and must be considered for the reliable analysis. The non-linear fmite element analysis has potential as usable and reliable means for analyzing of civil structures with the availability of computer technology. In this research the large displacements and materially nonlinear behavior of shear wall is presented with developing of fmite element code using the standard Galerkin weighted residual formulation. Two-dimensional plane stress model was carried out to present the shear wall response. Total Lagangian formulation, which is computationally more effective, is used in the formulation of stiffness matrices and the Newton-Raphson method is applied for the solution of nonlinear transient equations. The details of the program formulation are highlighted and the results of the analyses are presented, along with a comparison of the response of the structure with Ansys software results. The presented model in this paper can be developed for nonlinear analysis of civil engineering structures with different material behavior and complicated geometry.
Abstract: Using of natural lighting has come into prominence in
constructed buildings, especially in last ten years, under scope of
energy efficiency. Natural lighting methods are one of the methods
that aim to take advantage of day light in maximum level and
decrease using of artificial lighting. Increasing of day light amount in
buildings by using suitable methods will give optimum result in
terms of comfort and energy saving when the daylight-artificial light
integration is ensured with a suitable control system. Using of natural
light in places that require lighting will ensure energy saving in great
extent. With this study, it is aimed to save energy used for purpose of
lighting. Under this scope, lighting of a scanning laboratory of a
hospital was realized by using a lighting automation containing
natural and artificial lighting. In natural lighting, light pipes were
used and in artificial lighting, dimmable power LED modules were
used. Necessity of lighting was followed with motion sensors. The
lighting automation containing natural and artificial light was ensured
with fuzzy logic control. At the scanning laboratory where this
application was realized, energy saving in lighting was obtained.
Abstract: This paper proposes a scheduling scheme using feedback
control to reduce the response time of aperiodic tasks with soft
real-time constraints. We design an algorithm based on the proposed
scheduling scheme and Total Bandwidth Server (TBS) that is a
conventional server technique for scheduling aperiodic tasks. We then
describe the feedback controller of the algorithm and give the control
parameter tuning methods. The simulation study demonstrates that the
algorithm can reduce the mean response time up to 26% compared
to TBS in exchange for slight deadline misses.
Abstract: Road Traffic Accidents are a major cause of disability and death throughout the world. The control of intelligent vehicles in order to reduce human error and boost ease congestion is not accomplished solely by the aid of human resources. The present article is an attempt to introduce an intelligent control system based on RFID technology. By the help of RFID technology, vehicles are connected to computerized systems, intelligent light poles and other available hardware along the way. In this project, intelligent control system is capable of tracking all vehicles, crisis management and control, traffic guidance and recording Driving offences along the highway.
Abstract: This study investigated the relationships between the
active learning strategies (discussion, video clips, game show, role–
play, five minute paper, clarification pauses, and small group) and
academic achievement among a sample of 158 undergraduate
psychology students in The University of the West Indies (UWI),
Barbados. Results revealed statistically significant positive
correlations between active learning strategies and students’
academic achievement; so also the active learning strategies
contributed 22% (Rsq=0.222) to the variance being accounted for in
academic achievement and this was found to be statistically
significant (F(7,150) = 6.12, p < .05). Additionally, group work
emerged as the best active learning strategy and had the highest
correlation with the students’ academic achievement. These results
were discussed in the light of the importance of the active learning
strategies promoting academic achievement among the university
students.
Abstract: Nowadays there are lots of applications of power and
free conveyors in logistics. They are the most frequently used
conveyor systems worldwide. Overhead conveyor technologies like
power and free systems are used in the most intra-logistics
applications in trade and industry. The automotive, food, beverage
and textile industry as well as aeronautic catering or engineering are
among the applications. Power and free systems employ different
manufacturing intervals in manufacturing as well as in production as
temporary store and buffer. Depending on the application area, power
and free conveyors are equipped with target controls enabling
complex distribution-and sorting tasks. This article introduces a new
power and free conveyor design in intra-logistics and explains its
components. According to the explanation of the components, a
model is created by means of their technical characteristics. Through
the CAD software, the model is visualized. After that, the static
analysis is evaluated. This analysis helps the calculation of the
mandatory state of structures under force action. This powerful model
helps companies achieve lower development costs as well as quicker
market maturity.